Kwicandelo lezixhobo zokuchaneka kwemizi-mveliso, ukuzinza kwegranite kuxhomekeke kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwayo lweeminerali, uxinano lwesakhiwo, kunye neempawu zokusebenza ngokomzimba (ezifana ne-coefficient of thermal expansion, i-water absorption rate, kunye namandla okucinezela), endaweni yombala wayo ngokwawo. Nangona kunjalo, umbala uhlala ubonisa ngokungathanga ngqo umahluko kulwakhiwo lweminerali kunye nendawo yokwakheka kwayo. Ke ngoko, kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, igranite yemibala ethile ithandwa ngakumbi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo. Olu hlalutyo lulandelayo:
I. Unxulumano olungathanga ngqo phakathi koMbala noZinzo
Umbala wegranite umiselwa bubume bayo beeminerali, kwaye ubume beeminerali buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iipropati zayo zomzimba:
I-granite enemibala ekhanyayo (njengomhlophe ongwevu, i-pink ekhanyayo)
Ukwakheka kweeminerali: Ngokuyintloko yiquartz kunye nefeldspar (ezifikelela kwi-60% ukuya kwi-80%), kunye nenani elincinci le-mica okanye i-amphibole.
I-Quartz (enobunzima obuyi-2.65g/cm³) kunye ne-feldspar (enobunzima obuyi-2.5-2.8g/cm³) zinobunzima obuphezulu, uzinzo oluqinileyo lweekhemikhali, kunye ne-coefficient ephantsi yokwanda kobushushu (ngesiqhelo yi-5-8×10⁻⁶/℃), kwaye azichaphazeleki lula kutshintsho lobushushu.
Iimpawu zesakhiwo: Zenziwe kwindawo ezinzileyo ngokwejoloji (njengokupholisa kancinci kwindawo enganzulu yoqweqwe loMhlaba), kunye namasuntswana ekristale afanayo, ulwakhiwo oluxineneyo, i-porosity ephantsi (0.3% - 0.7%), izinga eliphantsi lokufunxwa kwamanzi (<0.15%), kunye nokumelana okunamandla nokuguquka.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo: Izixhobo zokwenza iitshiphusi ze-elektroniki, iziseko zezixhobo ze-optical ezichanekileyo (ezifana namaqonga oomatshini be-photolithography), ekufuneka zigcine ukuchaneka kobukhulu becala ixesha elide.
Igranite emnyama (njengomnyama, oluhlaza okotshani)
Ukwakheka kweeminerali: Ityebile kwiiminerali zesinyithi kunye ne-magnesium (ezifana ne-amphibole, i-biotite, i-pyroxene), kwaye iqulethe iiminerali zesinyithi esinzima ezifana ne-magnetite kunye ne-ilmenite.
I-Amphibole (ubuninzi obuyi-3.0-3.4g/cm³) kunye ne-biotite (ubunzima obuyi-2.7-3.1g/cm³) zinobunzima obuphezulu, kodwa ii-coefficients zazo zokwandisa ubushushu ziphezulu kancinci kunezo ze-quartz (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8-12×10⁻⁶/℃), kwaye izakhiwo zazo zinokutshintsha kancinci ngenxa ye-oxidation yeeminerali ezine-iron.
Iimpawu zesakhiwo: Ikakhulu yenziwe kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu (njengokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-magma enzulu), kunye namaqhekeza ekristale aqinileyo kunye nomahluko omkhulu kuxinano lwesakhiwo. I-granite emnyama ethile (efana neJinan Green) inesakhiwo esifanayo nesizinzileyo ngenxa yomsebenzi we-magmatic oqinileyo kunye nokukhululwa ngokupheleleyo koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo: Iziseko zezixhobo zoomatshini ezinzima, oomatshini abakhulu bokulinganisa (CMM), abafuna ukumelana nemithwalo ephezulu kunye nokumelana neempembelelo.
Ii. Iimpawu eziphambili zozinzo kwiimeko zemizi-mveliso
Nokuba umbala unjani na, iimfuno eziphambili zegranite kwizixhobo zokuchaneka kwemizi-mveliso ziquka:
Uzinzo lobushushu
Nika kuqala ukukhetha iintlobo ezine-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kobushushu (<8×10⁻⁶/℃) ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphambuka kokuchaneka kwezixhobo okubangelwa kukuguquguquka kobushushu. I-granite enombala okhanyayo (njenge-sesame white) inozinzo olungcono lobushushu ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-quartz.
Ubuncinci besakhiwo
I-granite ene-porosity engaphantsi kwe-0.5% kunye nesantya sokufunxwa kwamanzi esingaphantsi kwe-0.1% ayithambekeli ekufunxeni umswakama okanye ukungcola kwaye ayinakuguquguquka xa isetyenziswa ixesha elide. Zombini iJinan Green kwi-granite emnyama (ene-porosity ye-0.3%) kunye neShanxi Black kwi-granite ekhanyayo (ene-porosity ye-0.2%) ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoxinano oluphezulu.
Amandla oomatshini
Amandla okuxinwa makhulu kune-150MPa kwaye amandla okugoba makhulu kune-12MPa, okuqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide lwezixhobo ezichanekileyo zokuthwala. I-granite emnyama (efana ne-Indian black) idla ngokuba namandla aphezulu oomatshini ngenxa yokubakho kweeminerali zesinyithi kunye ne-magnesium kwaye ifanelekile kwiimeko ezinzima.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kweekhemikhali
I-Quartz kunye ne-feldspar zinokumelana okukhulu nokugqwala kwe-asidi kunye ne-alkali. Ngenxa yoko, i-granite enemibala ekhanyayo (efana ne-sesame grey) ifanelekile ngakumbi kwiindawo ezigqwalisayo kumashishini eekhemikhali kunye nee-semiconductor.
Iii. Ukhetho oluPhambili kunye naMatyala kwiCandelo leMizi-mveliso
I-granite enemibala ekhanyayo: Ukhetho olukhethwayo kwiimeko ezichanekileyo
Iintlobo ezimeleyo:
I-Sesame White: Yenziwe eFujian, ingwevu ekhanyayo ngombala, inomxholo we-quartz ongaphezulu kwama-70%. I-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kobushushu yi-6×10⁻⁶/℃. Isetyenziswa kumaqonga oomatshini be-lithography ye-semiconductor kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola i-aerospace.
Uluhlaza lweJinan: Ungwevu omnyama, ulwakhiwo olufanayo, amandla okucinezela angama-240MPa, asetyenziswa rhoqo kwisiseko soomatshini bokulinganisa abadibeneyo (CMM).
Iingenelo: Ukufana kombala okuhle, okwenza kube lula ukulinganisa indlela ye-optical yezixhobo ze-optical; Ine-thermal deformation encinci kwaye ifanelekile kwiimfuno zokuchaneka kwinqanaba le-nanometer.
I-granite emnyama: Ikhethwa kwiimeko ezinzima nezinokumelana nokuchaphazeleka
Iintlobo ezimeleyo:
I-Black Galaxy: Imnyama ngombala, ine-ilmenite, enobunzima obuyi-3.05g/cm³ kunye namandla okucinezela angama-280MPa. Isetyenziselwa iireli zesikhokelo sezixhobo zoomatshini ezinzima kunye nezixhobo zokwenza iimoto.
Umnyama waseMongolia: Uluhlaza okomnyama, ikakhulu i-amphibole, enokumelana okukhulu nokutsha, esetyenziselwa isiseko sezixhobo zokumba.
Iingenelo: Uxinano oluphezulu, ukuqina okuqinileyo, okukwaziyo ukufunxa ukungcangcazela koomatshini, okufanelekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino ezinomthwalo omninzi.
Isine. Isiphelo: Umbala awungowona nto ibalulekileyo; ukusebenza ngundoqo
Uzinzo lombala ≠: Zombini i-granite enombala okhanyayo nomnyama zineentlobo ezizinzileyo kakhulu. Isitshixo sisekucocekeni kweminerali, ukufana kwesakhiwo, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo.
Umgaqo wokuziqhelanisa nendawo:
Izixhobo ze-optical/electronic ezichanekileyo: Khetha iintlobo ezikhanyayo ezinomxholo ophezulu we-quartz (ezifana ne-sesame white), ugxininisa uzinzo lobushushu kunye nokuchaneka komphezulu.
Izixhobo zoomatshini abanzima/izixhobo zoomatshini bemizi-mveliso: Khetha iintlobo ze-magnesium ore ezinombala omnyama, ezinesinyithi esininzi (ezifana neJinan blue), ezigxininisa amandla oomatshini kunye nokumelana nempembelelo.
Ingcebiso yokuthenga: Qinisekisa iiparameter ezifana ne-coefficient of thermal expansion, i-water absorption rate, kunye namandla okuxinwa ngeengxelo zovavanyo (ezifana ne-GB/T 18601-2020 "Natural Granite Building Slabs"), endaweni yokugweba ngombala kuphela.
Ukuqukumbela, kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso, ukukhethwa kwegranite kubeka phambili ukusebenza kwaye kongezelelwa ngumbala. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokudibeneyo neemfuno ezithile zezixhobo kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-19-2025