Kwicandelo lokuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nophando lwesayensi oluphambili, ukhetho olusisiseko lweqonga elihambayo lomoya oxinzelelweyo oluchanekileyo yeyona nto iphambili ekumiseleni ukusebenza kwalo. Isiseko esichanekileyo segranite kunye nesiseko seceramic zineempawu zazo, ezibonisa iingenelo kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo ekuzinzeni, ukugcinwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuqina njalo njalo.
Uzinzo: Ulwakhiwo lwendalo xa kuthelekiswa nolwenziweyo
Emva kotshintsho olude lwejoloji, igranite idityaniswe ngokusondeleyo yi-quartz, i-feldspar kunye nezinye iiminerali, zenza isakhiwo esixineneyo nesifanayo. Xa kukho ukuphazamiseka kokungcangcazela kwangaphandle, njengokungcangcazela okunamandla okubangelwa kukusebenza kwezixhobo ezinkulu kwindawo yokusebenzela yefektri, isiseko segranite sinokuvimba kwaye sinciphise ngempumelelo, nto leyo enokunciphisa ubukhulu bokungcangcazela kweqonga lomoya oxinzelelweyo ohambayo ngaphezulu kwe-80%, ibonelela ngesiseko sokusebenza esizinzileyo seqonga ukuqinisekisa intshukumo egudileyo ekucutshungulweni okanye ekufumaneni ngokuchanekileyo. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-lithography yokwenziwa kwee-chip ze-semiconductor, isiseko segranite esizinzileyo sinokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo ze-chip lithography kwaye sifezekise ukuchaneka okuphezulu kweepateni ze-chip.
Isiseko se-ceramic senziwe ngokwenziwa kwezinto kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili, kwaye isakhiwo saso sangaphakathi siyafana kwaye sineempawu ezilungileyo zokudambisa ukungcangcazela. Xa sijongene nokungcangcazela ngokubanzi, sinokudala indawo yokusebenza ezinzileyo yeqonga elihambayo lomoya oxinzelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa sijongene namandla aphezulu kunye nokungcangcazela okuqhubekayo, amandla aso okuncitshiswa kokungcangcazela aphantsi kancinci kunesiseko se-granite, kwaye kunzima ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokungcangcazela kwinqanaba elifanayo eliphantsi, elinokuba nefuthe elithile kwintshukumo echanekileyo kakhulu yeqonga.
Ukugcinwa kokuchaneka: ukwanda okuphantsi kweenzuzo zendalo kunye nolawulo lokwenziwa kokuchaneka
I-Granite yaziwa ngomlinganiselo wayo ophantsi kakhulu wokwandiswa kobushushu, idla ngokuba yi-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Kwimeko yokuguquguquka kobushushu, ubungakanani besiseko sokuchaneka kwe-granite abutshintshi kangako. Kwicandelo le-astronomy, iqonga lokuhamba komoya oxinzelelweyo we-static pressure pressure lokulungisa kakuhle ilensi yeteleskopu lidibene nesiseko se-granite, nokuba umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku ubalulekile, inokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kwendawo yelensi kugcinwa kwinqanaba le-submicron, inceda izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba zibambe amandla amancinci ezidalwa zasezulwini ezikude.
Izixhobo zeseramikhi zibalasele kakhulu ngokubhekiselele ekuzinzeni kobushushu, kwaye i-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu kwezinye iiseramikhi ezisebenza kakhulu inokuba phantsi phantse ibe yi-zero kwaye inokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa ukwenziwa kunye nenkqubo. Kwezinye izixhobo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu ezibuthathaka kubushushu, isiseko seseramikhi sinokugcina ubungakanani obuzinzileyo xa ubushushu butshintsha, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuhamba kweqonga elihambayo lomoya oxinzelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzinza kwayo kokuchaneka kwexesha elide kwizicelo ezisebenzayo kuchatshazelwa zizinto ezifana nokuguga kwezinto kwaye kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngakumbi.
Ukuqina: Ukuqina okuphezulu kwelitye lendalo kunye nezinto zokwenziwa ezimelana nokugqwala
Ubunzima begranite buphezulu, ubunzima beMohs bunokufikelela kwi-6-7, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle. Kwilabhoratri yesayensi yezinto, iqonga lomoya ohambayo ochanekileyo osetyenziswa rhoqo, isiseko salo segranite sinokumelana ngempumelelo nokulahleka kokungqubana kwexesha elide, xa kuthelekiswa nesiseko esiqhelekileyo, sinokwandisa umjikelo wokugcinwa kweqonga ngaphezulu kwe-50%, sinciphise iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kwaye siqinisekise ukuqhubeka komsebenzi wophando lwesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, izinto zegranite zibuthathaka kakhulu, kukho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka xa zichaphazeleka ngengozi.
Isiseko se-ceramic asiqinanga nje kuphela, kodwa sikwanokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Kwiindawo zoshishino apho kukho umngcipheko wokugqwala kweekhemikhali, njengeeplatifomu zomoya ezichanekileyo ze-hydrostatic kwizixhobo zokuhlola imveliso yeekhemikhali, iziseko ze-ceramic ziyamelana neegesi ezigqwalisayo okanye ulwelo, zigcina ukuthembeka komphezulu kunye neempawu zoomatshini ixesha elide. Kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu ezifana nokufuma okuphezulu, ukuzinza kokusebenza kwesiseko se-ceramic kungcono kunokwesiseko se-granite.
Ubunzima beendleko zokuvelisa kunye nokucubungula: umngeni wokumbiwa kwelitye lendalo kunye nomda wobugcisa wokwenziwa kwezinto ezenziweyo
Ukumbiwa nokuthuthwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zegranite kuyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ukucutshungulwa kufuna izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu, ukuqhekeka, ukusika, ukugaya, ukupolisha kunye nezinye iinkqubo zinobuthathaka bokudilika, ukuqhekeka, izinga eliphezulu lokulahlwa, okubangela iindleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa.
Ukwenziwa kweziseko zeseramikhi kuxhomekeke kubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa obuphambili kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuchwetheza ngokuchanekileyo, ukusuka ekulungisweni kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukubumba ukuya ekutshiseni, inyathelo ngalinye kufuneka lilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo. Uphando lwasekuqaleni kunye nophuhliso kunye notyalo-mali lwezixhobo lukhulu, luphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwandiswa kwesikali semveliso, iindleko kulindeleke ukuba zincitshiswe, kwaye zinamandla okusebenzisa imali eninzi kwizicelo eziphezulu.
Lilonke, iziseko zegranite ezichanekileyo zisebenza kakuhle kuzinzo olupheleleyo kunye nokuqina okuqhelekileyo, ngelixa iziseko zeseramikhi zinezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo ekuzivumelaniseni nobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokuqina kokugqwala. Ukukhetha isiseko kufuneka kusekelwe kwimeko ethile yesicelo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko zeqonga lokuhamba lomoya oxineneyo oluchanekileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-10-2025