Ukwandiswa kobushushu: Into ebalulekileyo kwiziseko zokulinganisa i-Precision Granite

Yonke into iyakhula ngobushushu. Umbuzo obalulekileyo ngokweneneisiseko sokulinganisaAyikuko nokuba iyakhula na — yonke into iyakhula — kodwa kukuba ingakanani na into eqikelelweyo, incinci kangakanani na, kwaye ilingana kangakanani na. Elo gama lokugqibela, ngokulinganayo, lelo abathengi abadla ngokungalinanzi, kwaye lidla ngokuba lelona libangela ingxaki enkulu evenkileni.

I-Granite ichazwa ukubaiziseko zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyoikakhulu kuba i-coefficient yayo yokwandisa ubushushu (CTE) iphantsi xa ithelekiswa nentsimbi okanye isinyithi esityhidiweyo — ngokuqhelekileyo ikwi-5 ukuya kwi-8 x 10⁻⁶ nge-°C kwigranite esemgangathweni, xa ithelekiswa ne-11 ukuya kwi-13 x 10⁻⁶ nge-°C kwintsimbi. Ephepheni, oko kubonakala ngathi kukuphumelela okulula. Enyanisweni, inani elikwiphepha ledatha lichaza inxalenye yebali kuphela, kwaye iinjineli eziye zalandela umlinganiselo wemfihlakalo zibuyela kumthombo wazo zihlala zifunda ezinye ngendlela enzima.

Kutheni Inombolo ye-CTE Ingeyiyo yonke into

Isiseko segranite esine-CTE ephantsi, efanayo siziphatha ngendlela eqikelelweyo: siyakhula okanye sinciphe kancinci njengoko ubushushu butshintsha, kwaye olo tshintsho lunokubuyiselwa kwisoftware ukuba ubushushu buyalandelelwa. Iingxaki ziqala xa ulwandiso lungalinganiyo kuyo yonke indawo.

I-Granite yindibaniselwano yendalo ye-quartz, i-feldspar, kunye ne-mica, kwaye umlinganiselo ochanekileyo weeminerali uyahluka ngokwe-quarry kwaye nangokwebhloko. I-slab enesakhiwo seenkozo ezingahambelaniyo inokukhula ngokwahlukileyo kancinci ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye phantsi kotshintsho olufanayo lobushushu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ukugqwetheka okuncinci kodwa okwenyani okungenakuxelwa kwangaphambili yi-CTE figure enye. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba ukuhambelana kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubalulekile - umenzi otsala ilitye kwi-quarry efanayo kunye ne-block lot batch emva kwe-batch udla ngokuvelisa izinto eziqikelelwayo kubushushu kunomnye ofumana ithuba kuye nawuphi na umthengisi oxabiso liphantsi kuloo kota.

Ukufudumeza okungalinganiyo kuyayiqinisa le nto. Isiseko segranite esikufutshane nefestile, phantsi kokukhanya okuthe ngqo kwelinye icala, okanye kufutshane nesixhobo somatshini esivelisa ubushushu bendawo, asandi njengebhloko efanayo - sigoba, nangona kunjalo, kwicala elipholileyo. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino oku kugqwetheka akunamsebenzi. Kumsebenzi we-sub-micron metrology - ii-CMM, iinkqubo zokulinganisa i-laser, amaqonga okuhlola i-semiconductor - kunokwanela ukutshintsha ukunyamezelana kokufunda ngaphandle, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuxilonga kuba isiseko "sisabonakala" sithe tyaba emehlweni kwaye kwanokujonga indawo ngokukhawuleza.

Oku kuthetha ukuthini kwiimeko zelabhoratri yokwenyani

Uninzi lwemigangatho yokulinganisa, kuquka neereferensi ze-ISO kunye ne-ASME zokuqinisekiswa kwepleyiti yomphezulu, zichaza ubushushu obuyi-20°C ngenxa yesi sizathu kanye — kungengenxa yokuba i-20°C ikhethekile, kodwa kuba inika wonke umntu isiseko esifanayo sokuthelekisa. Ipleyiti eqinisekisiweyo kwi-20°C kwaye isetyenziswa kwivenkile esebenza kwi-28°C, ngaphandle kokulungiswa, ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga, kodwa umqhubi ulinganisa ngokungaboniyo ukuba ubushushu abubalwanga ndaweni ithile kwinkqubo.

Iindlela ezimbalwa zihlala zinciphisa iimpazamo zobushushu kwintsimi:

• Vumela izinto zegranite ukuba ziqhelene nendawo yokulinganisa iiyure ezininzi - ngamanye amaxesha ubusuku bonke ukuze kusetyenziswe iziseko ezinkulu - ngaphambi kokulinganisa okubalulekileyo, kuba umbindi weslab etyebileyo ulingana kancinci kunokuba umphezulu wayo ubonisa.
• Gcina ulinganisela iziseko kude nelanga elithe ngqo, ii-HVAC vents, kunye nezixhobo ezivelisa ubushushu, nokuba ubushushu begumbi elingaphakathi bufundeka ngokuchanekileyo kwi-thermostat yodonga.
• Bhala ubushushu obungqongileyo kunye nedatha yokulinganisa umsebenzi ochanekileyo, endaweni yokucinga ukuba "igumbi elilawulwa yimozulu" lifana kakhulu nobushushu kulo lonke.
• I-granite ifumaneka kubavelisi abanokuthi bathethe ngokukodwa ngokulungelelana kweenkozo kunye nokufunyanwa kwemigodi, kungekuphela nje umfanekiso we-CTE othathwe kwincwadi yesikhokelo sezinto zokwakha.

Inqaku Elisebenzayo Elivela Kumgangatho Wokugaya

Sigcina amagumbi ethu alawulwa bubushushu kunye nokufuma ngokukodwa ngenxa yoku - kungekuko ukuthuthuzela, kodwa kuba ukugaya kunye nokuhlolwa kokugqibela okwenziwa kubushushu obuzinzileyo, obaziwayo kuvelisa izinto eziqinisekisiweyo ukuba zithe tyaba xa ziphuma kwisakhiwo. Abathengi abakha amaqonga okuhlola e-semiconductor okanye izakhiwo ze-CMM, ngaphezu kwesinye, basicele ukuba sibhale ubushushu obungqongileyo ngexesha lokulinganisa kokugqibela kwaye sibufake kunye nesatifikethi sokuba tyaba, ukuze iqela labo le-metrology libe nendawo yesalathiso ebhaliweyo yokusebenza kuyo kamva.

Ukwandiswa kobushushu kwi-granite akuyonto iphosakeleyo ukuba yenziwe ngokupheleleyo — yimpahla ebonakalayo ekufuneka ilawulwe, ngendlela efanayo nokungcangcazela okanye ukufuma ekufuneka kulawulwe ngayo. Abavelisi kunye neelabhoratri abayiphatha njengenguqu eyaziwayo, endaweni yokucinga emva kokuba umlinganiselo ubonakala ungalunganga, badla ngokuchitha ixesha elincinci belandela iimpazamo ze-phantom ezingazange zibe malunga nesixhobo kwaphela.