Ekusetyenzisweni kwemodyuli yokunyakaza echanekileyo kakhulu, isiseko, njengecandelo elixhasayo eliphambili, sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwemodyuli. Isiseko esichanekileyo segranite kunye nesiseko se-cast zineempawu zazo, kwaye umahluko phakathi kwazo ucacile.
I. Uzinzo
I-Granite emva kwezigidi zeminyaka yotshintsho lwejoloji, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sixinene kwaye siyafana, ikakhulu yi-quartz, i-feldspar kunye nezinye iiminerali ezidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo. Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo siyinika uzinzo oluhle kakhulu kwaye sinokumelana ngempumelelo nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Kwiworkshop yokwenza iitshiphusi ze-elektroniki, izixhobo ze-peripheral zisebenza rhoqo, kwaye isiseko se-granite sinokunciphisa ubukhulu bokungcangcazela kwemodyuli yokuhamba echanekileyo kakhulu edluliselwa kwi-air float ngaphezulu kwe-80%, ukuqinisekisa intshukumo egudileyo yemodyuli kwaye ibonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiqinileyo seenkqubo ezichanekileyo kakhulu ezifana ne-lithography kunye nokukrola kokwenziwa kweetshiphusi.
Nangona isiseko sokuphosa sinokuthintela ukungcangcazela ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kunokubakho iziphene ezithile ezifana nemingxunya yesanti kunye neembobo kwinkqubo yokuphosa, nto leyo eya kunciphisa ukufana kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo. Xa kukho ukungcangcazela okuphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu, amandla okunciphisa ukungcangcazela akulunganga njengesiseko segranite, nto leyo ebangela ukuzinza okungalunganga kokushukuma kwemodyuli yokushukuma echanekileyo kakhulu yeflothi yomoya, nto leyo echaphazela ukuchaneka kokusetyenzwa kunye nokuchongwa kwezixhobo.
Okwesibini, ukugcinwa kokuchaneka
I-granite thermal expansion coefficient iphantsi kakhulu, ngokubanzi kwi-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃, kwimeko yokuguquguquka kobushushu, utshintsho lobungakanani luncinci. Kwicandelo le-astronomy, imodyuli yokuhamba echanekileyo kakhulu yokulungisa kakuhle ilensi yeteleskopu idibene nesiseko segranite, nokuba umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku mkhulu, inokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kwendawo yelensi kugcinwa kwinqanaba le-sub-micron, inceda izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba zibone ngokucacileyo imizimba yasezulwini ekude.
Izixhobo zesinyithi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwisiseko sokuphosa, ezifana nesinyithi esityhidiweyo, i-thermal expansion coefficient iphezulu, malunga ne-10-20 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Xa ubushushu butshintsha, ubungakanani buyatshintsha ngokucacileyo, nto leyo elula ukubangela ukuguquguquka kobushushu kwimodyuli yokunyakaza echanekileyo kakhulu ye-air float, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kokuchaneka kokunyakaza. Kwinkqubo yokusila ilensi ye-optical evakalelwa bubushushu, ukuguquguquka kwesiseko esityhidiweyo phantsi kwempembelelo yobushushu kunokubangela ukuphambuka kokuchaneka kokugaya ilensi ngaphaya koluhlu oluvumelekileyo kwaye kuchaphazele umgangatho welensi.
Okwesithathu, ukumelana nokuguguleka
Ubunzima begranite buphezulu, ubunzima beMohs bunokufikelela kwi-6-7, ukumelana nokuguguleka okunamandla. Kwilabhoratri yesayensi yezinto, imodyuli yentshukumo ye-air float esetyenziswa rhoqo, isiseko segranite sinokumelana ngempumelelo nokungqubana kweslayida se-air float, xa kuthelekiswa nesiseko esiqhelekileyo se-cast, sinokwandisa umjikelo wokugcinwa kwemodyuli ngaphezulu kwe-50%, sinciphise iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kwaye siqinisekise ukuqhubeka komsebenzi wophando lwesayensi.
Ukuba isiseko sokuphosa senziwe ngezinto zesinyithi eziqhelekileyo, ubunzima buphantsi kakhulu, kwaye umphezulu kulula ukuwunxiba phantsi kwengxinano yexesha elide yeslayida se-air float, echaphazela ukuchaneka kwentshukumo kunye nokuguda kwemodyuli yentshukumo echanekileyo kakhulu ye-air float, efuna ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa, okunyusa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi.
Okwesine, ubunzima beendleko zokuvelisa kunye nokucubungula
Iindleko zokufumana izinto eziluhlaza zegranite ziphezulu, ukwembiwa kwemigodi, ukuthutha izinto ezinzima, ukucutshungulwa kufuna izixhobo zobungcali kunye nobuchwepheshe, njengokusika ngokuchanekileyo, ukugaya, ukupolisha, njl.njl., iindleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa. Kwaye ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu, ukuqhekeka, ubunzima bokucubungula, ukuqhekeka komphetho okulula ukubonakala, iintanda kunye nezinye iziphene, izinga lokulahlwa kwenkunkuma liphezulu.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekubunjweni zifumaneka kakhulu, ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu, inkqubo yokubunjwa ivuthiwe, ubunzima bokubunjwa buncinci, kwaye imveliso yobuninzi inokwenziwa ngesikhunta, ngobuchule bemveliso obuphezulu kunye neendleko ezilawulekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nozinzo olufanayo njengesiseko segranite, inkqubo yokubunjwa kunye neemfuno zasemva kokubunjwa zingqongqo kakhulu, kwaye iindleko nazo ziya kunyuka kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, isiseko sokuchaneka kwegranite sinenzuzo enkulu kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa kweemodyuli zokunyakaza ezichanekileyo kakhulu ezinokuchaneka okuphezulu, uzinzo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Isiseko sokuphosa sineenzuzo ezithile ekufikeleleni kwixabiso kunye nokulula kokucubungula, kwaye sifanelekile kwiimeko apho imfuneko yokuchaneka iphantsi kwaye kulandelwa ukulandelwa kokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-08-2025