Kwiilabhoratri eziphambili zehlabathi, nokuba kukufumanisa izixhobo ze-nanoscale, ukulinganiswa kwezinto ezichanekileyo ze-optical, okanye ukulinganiswa kwesakhiwo se-microstructure se-semiconductor chips, kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo zokuchaneka nokuzinza kwezalathiso zokulinganisa. I-granite straightedge, ngokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo, iye yaba lukhetho lokuqala kwiilabhoratri ezininzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nemiphezulu yereferensi yesinyithi esiqhelekileyo, ukuzinza kwayo ngokuchanekileyo kunokuphuculwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300%, okusekelwe kubungqina besayensi obunzulu kunye nokuqinisekiswa okusebenzayo.
1. Iimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo zimisela isiseko sokuchaneka
Isinyithi esixonxiweyo, njengesixhobo somphezulu wereferensi yendabuko, nangona sinobulukhuni obuthile, sineziphene ezingokwemvelo. I-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kobushushu imalunga ne-12×10⁻⁶/℃. Phantsi kwendawo yokutshintshatshintsha kobushushu eqhelekileyo kwilebhu (njengomahluko wobushushu we-5℃ obangelwa kukuqala nokuyeka kwee-air conditioners), umphezulu wereferensi yesinyithi esixonxiweyo oyimitha e-1 unokutshintsha ubukhulu be-60μm. Ukongeza, kukho izakhiwo ze-graphite eziqhekekileyo ngaphakathi kwesinyithi esixonxiweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kuthambekele ekuxinaniseni uxinzelelo, okubangela ukwehla kancinci kwe-flatness yeplane yereferensi. Olu hlobo lokuguquguquka kobushushu kunye notshintsho lwesakhiwo luya kubangela ukuphambuka okucwangcisiweyo kwidatha yokulinganisa, okuchaphazela kakhulu ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu be-granite straightedge yi-(4-8) ×10⁻⁶/℃ kuphela, engaphantsi kwesithathu se-cast iron. Phantsi komahluko ofanayo wobushushu we-5℃, utshintsho lobungakanani be-granite straightedge enobude bemitha eyi-1 yi-20-40 μm kuphela. I-Granite yenziwa yi-crystallization yeeminerali ezifana ne-quartz kunye ne-feldspar. Inesakhiwo esixineneyo nesifanayo kwaye ayinangxaki yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Emva kweebhiliyoni zeminyaka yeenkqubo zejoloji, i-granite igugile ngokwemvelo kwaye ayizukujika njenge-cast iron ngokuhamba kwexesha, iqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide lwendiza yesalathiso ukusuka kwisiseko sezinto.
Okwesibini, iteknoloji yokucubungula ifikelela ekuchanekeni okuphezulu kakhulu
Ngexesha lokucubungula iindawo zokubhekisela kwisinyithi esityhidiweyo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kweempawu zezinto, ukuchaneka kokuthe tyaba kudla ngokufikelela kuphela kwi-± 5-10 μm. Ngaphezu koko, umphezulu wesinyithi esityhidiweyo usengozini yokubola nokugqwala, nto leyo efuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokusilwa. Ukusilwa ngakunye kuya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokuqala komphezulu wokubhekisa.
I-granite straightedge isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugaya obuchanekileyo kwaye idityaniswe neteknoloji yokucubungula ulawulo lwamanani oluphambili. Uburhabaxa bunokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-± 1-3 μm, kwaye ezinye iimveliso eziphezulu zinokufikelela kwi-± 0.5μm. Ubulukhuni bayo bomphezulu bufikelela kwi-6 ukuya kwi-7 kwisikali se-Mohs, kwaye ukumelana kwayo nokuguguleka kuphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu kunokwesinyithi esityhidiweyo. Ayikrwelwa okanye igugiswe lula. Nokuba emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, ukuchaneka komphezulu we-granite straightedge kunokuhlala kuzinzile, kususa imfuneko yokulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa, okunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwelebhu kunye neendleko zexesha.
Iii. Ukulungelelaniswa nokusingqongileyo kuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa okuzinzileyo
Indawo yelabhoratri iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iyatshintshatshintsha. Izinto ezinje ngokufuma, ukungcangcazela kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic zonke zinokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokulinganisa. Umphezulu wesalathiso sesinyithi esityhidiweyo usengozini yokugqwala kwindawo enomswakama, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda koburhabaxa bomphezulu kwaye ichaphazele ukuchaneka koqhagamshelwano lweprobe yokulinganisa. Okwangoku, imagnetism yesinyithi esityhidiweyo inokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwezixhobo zokulinganisa ze-elektroniki ezichanekileyo.
I-granite straightedge yinto engeyoyesinyithi, ayisebenzisi magnethi kwaye ayisebenzisi umbane, kwaye ayizukuphazamisana nezixhobo ze-elektroniki. Izinga layo lokufunxa amanzi lingaphantsi kwe-0.1%, kwaye isenokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwindawo enomswakama ophezulu. Ukongeza, iipropati ezizodwa zokudambisa zegranite zinokufunxa ngempumelelo ukungcangcazela kwendalo kwaye zinciphise ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Umzekelo, kwilabhoratri ekufutshane nezixhobo ezinkulu kunye nezixhobo, i-granite straightedge inokunciphisa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yamandla okungcangcazela kwisekhondi enye, ngelixa umphezulu wereferensi yesinyithi esityhidiweyo ufuna imizuzwana emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5. Oku kwenza i-granite straightedge ibonelele ngereferensi ezinzileyo yokulinganisa nakwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo.
Isine. Idatha yokwenyani iqinisekisa iingenelo zokusebenza
Ilebhu eyaziwayo yehlabathi ye-semiconductor yakha yenza uvavanyo oluthelekisayo olude kwiindawo zereferensi yesinyithi kunye negranite: Ngexesha lovavanyo lokulinganisa oluthathe iintsuku ezingama-30 lwaza lwathatha iiyure ezisi-8 yonke imihla, impazamo yokulinganisa eqokelelweyo yezixhobo ezisebenzisa umphezulu wereferensi yesinyithi ifikelele kwi-±45μm. Izixhobo ezisebenzisa i-granite straightedge zinempazamo eqokelelweyo ye-±15μm kuphela, kwaye ukuphuculwa kokuzinza ngokuchanekileyo kuphezulu njenge-300%. Iziphumo ezifanayo zovavanyo ziye zaqinisekiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiilebhu eziphezulu kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana nesayensi yezinto kunye nobunjineli be-optical, nto leyo ebonisa ngakumbi ukungathathelwa indawo kwe-granite straightedge kumlinganiselo ochanekileyo.
Ukuqukumbela, i-granite straightedge idlule ngokupheleleyo kumphezulu wereferensi yesinyithi esityhidiweyo ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezintathu zeempawu zezinto, iteknoloji yokucubungula kunye nokuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo. Ukuphuculwa kwayo ngama-300% ekuzinzeni ngokuchanekileyo akupheleli nje ekunikeni umlinganiselo othembekileyo weelabhoratri kodwa kukwabeka isiseko esiqinileyo sophuhliso lophando lwesayensi oluphambili kunye netekhnoloji yokuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba iilabhoratri eziphambili zehlabathi zibe nazo zonke ii-granite straightedges ezikhethiweyo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-19-2025