Umatshini wokuchaneka yinkqubo yokususa izixhobo kwi-Odpiet ngexesha ukubamba ukugqiba ukunganyamezeli. Umatshini wokuchaneka uneendidi ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuginya, ukutshintsha kunye nokukhutshwa kombane. Umatshini wokuchaneka namhlanje ulawulwa ngokusebenzisa i-computer yolawulo kwamanani (cnc).
Phantse zonke iimveliso zensimbi zisebenzisa ukuba ngomatshini wokuchaneka, njengoko zenza ezinye izinto ezininzi ezinje ngeplastiki kunye neenkuni. Aba boomatshini basebenza ngamastiki ekhethekileyo nabaqeqeshiweyo. Ukuze isixhobo esisikiweyo senze umsebenzi waso, kufuneka sifuduselwe kwizikhombisi ezichaziweyo ukwenza isikithi esifanelekileyo. Esi sithuba siphambili sibizwa ngokuba yi "isantya esisikiweyo." I-Demidpiece ikwasuswa, yaziwa ngokuba yi-sundori yesibini 'yokondla. " Ngokudibeneyo, ezi zizathu kunye nobukhali besixhobo esisikiweyo zivumela umatshini wokuchaneka ukuze usebenze.
Ukucokiswa kokuchaneka kwenqanaba lokuchaneka kufuna ukubanakho ukulandela i-Vealprints ekhethekileyo eyenziwe yi-CAD (uyilo lwekhompyuter) okanye i-cam (i-Camp Isoftware inokunceda ukuvelisa imizobo enzima, emilinganiselo emi-3 okanye imizobo efunekayo ukuze umenzi wesixhobo, umatshini okanye into. Ezi ncwadi zibonisayo kufuneka zilandelwe ngeenkcukacha ezinkulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso igcina ingqibelelo yayo. Ngelixa uninzi lweenkampani zoomatshini bokuchaneka zisebenza ngohlobo oluthile lweenkqubo ezithile zeCAD / cam, zisasebenza rhoqo ngee-sketches ezitsalwa ngesandla kwizigaba zokuqala zoyilo loyilo.
Umatshini wokuchaneka usebenzisa kwinani lezinto ezibandakanya intsimbi, ubhedu, igrafiti, iglasi kunye neplastiki zokuchaza ezimbalwa. Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani beprojekthi kwaye izixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zendlela ziya kusetyenziswa. Nakuphi na ukudityaniswa kwee-lathes, oomatshini bokugaya, oomatshini bokuchwechwa, i-SAWW kunye nee-grinders, kunye neerobhothi eziphakamileyo zinokusetyenziswa. Umzi-mveliso we-Aerospace unokusebenzisa ukubakho okuphezulu kwe-velocicing, ngelixa ishishini lokwenza i-Wally linokusebenzisa i-etch-checking yeefoto kunye neenkqubo zokugaya. Ukukhuphela kubaleka, okanye inani elithile lezinto ezithile, lingamanani kumawakawaka, okanye bambalwa. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo luhlala lufuna inkqubo yezixhobo ze-CC, kuthetha ukuba ziyikhompyuter zilawulwa kwangoko. Isixhobo se-CNC sivumela ubungakanani bexesha elifanelekileyo ukuba lulandelwe kuzo zonke iimveliso.
Ukugaya yinkqubo yomatshini yokusebenzisa iijikelezo ezijikelezayo ukuze zisuse izinto ezivela kwi-Orpiece ngokuqhubela phambili (okanye ukondla) umsikisi ongenamsebenzi. Umsiki usenokubanjwa kwi-angle ihambelana ne-axis yesixhobo. Ukugaya kubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye noomatshini, kwizikali ezivela kumacandelo amancinci ukuya kwimisebenzi enkulu ye-gang. Yenye yeenkqubo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zezahlulo zekobubini yokuqinisa ubuchwephesha.
Ukugaya kunokwenziwa ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zomatshini. Iklasi yentsusa yezixhobo zomatshini zokugaya yayingumatshini wokugaya (odla ngokuthi abizwa ngokuba yigaya). Emva kokufika kwamanani (i-CNC), oomatshini bokugaya bavela kumaziko e-Maching: Matshini wokugaya ophuculwe ngabatshintshi beSixhobo seZenzekelayo, izixhobo zeemagazini, iinkqubo ezipholileyo, kunye nokuvalwa. Amaziko eminzi ahlelwa ngamaziko omatshini omalunga (VMCs) okanye amaziko omatshini omatshini (HMCs).
Ukudityaniswa kokugaya ukuya kwiindawo eziguqukayo, kunye ne-Vice Dissana, iqalile ngesixhobo esiphilayo se-lathes kunye nokusetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha kweeMiles zokuguqula. Oku kukhokelele kwiklasi entsha yezixhobo ezitsha zomatshini, oomatshini bokufumana izinto ezininzi (i-MTMS), eyakhiwe ngenjongo yokuqhubela phambili ukugaya nokuguqula ngaphakathi kwimvulophu yomsebenzi ofanayo.
Kwiinjineli ze-R & D, kunye nabavelisi abaxhomekeke ekufumaneni indawo, ukuchaneka kwe-CNC kuvumela ukudalwa kwamalungu antsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokuqhubekeka kongeziweyo. Ngapha koko, ukubakho komatshini we-CNC kusoloko kwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba iinxalenye ezigqityiweyo zenziwe kumatshini omnye.
Inkqubo yomakhiyiphu isusa izinto kwaye isebenzise uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokusika ukwenza okokugqibela, kwaye zihlala zinzima kakhulu, uyilo lwenxalenye. Inqanaba lokuchaneka liphuculwe ngokusetyenziswa kolawulo lwamanani (i-CNC), esetyenziselwa ukwenza ulawulo lwezixhobo ze-Matening.
Indima ye "nc" ngomatshini ochanekileyo
Sebenzisa imiyalelo yenkqubo yekhowudi, umakhi othile we-CNC uvumela ukuba inqunyulwe kwaye ibekwe kwinkcazo ngaphandle kokungenelela kwencwadana yemini.
Ukuthatha imodeli encedisiweyo yekhompyuter (i-CAD) enikezwe ngumthengi, umatshini wengcali usebenzisa ikhompyuter isoftware yemveliso encediswayo (Cam) ukwenza imiyalelo yokwakha icandelo. Ngokusekwe kwimodeli ye-CAD, isoftware ichaza ukuba zeziphi iindlela ze-toss ezifunekayo kwaye zivelisa ikhowudi yenkqubo echaza umatshini:
■ Zithini iirhafu ezichanekileyo ze-rpms kunye nexabiso le-RPMS
■ nini kwaye ungasisusa nini isixhobo kunye / okanye umsebenzi wokusebenza
■ Kunzulu kangakanani ukusika
■ Xa ufaka isicelo sokupholisa
■ Zonke ezinye izinto ezinxulumene nesantya, ireyithi yokondla, kunye nokulungelelaniswa
Umlawuli we-CNC emva koko usebenzisa ikhowudi yenkqubo ukulawula, ezenzekelayo, kwaye ujonge intshukumo yomatshini.
Namhlanje, i-CNC yindawo eyakhelweyo yezixhobo ezininzi, ukusuka kwii-lathes, ii-mills, kunye neendlela ze-wire kwi-edm (i-Maching yoMbane), i-laser, kunye noomatshini bokusinqumama kweplasma. Ukongeza ekuzenzeni inkqubo yomatshini kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka, i-CNC isuse imisebenzi yencwadana yemigaqo kwaye ikhulule oomatshini ukuba bongamele oomatshini abaninzi abasebenza ngaxeshanye.
Ukongeza, kanye nje indlela yendlela yenzelwe kwaye umatshini ucwangcisiwe, unokuqhuba nenxalenye yexesha lamaxesha. Oku kubonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda, okuthile kwenza ukuba inkqubo ixabisa kakhulu kwaye ikhuthele.
Izixhobo ezenziwe ngomatshini
Ezinye zezinyithi eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ialuminiyam, ubhedu, ubhedu, ubhedu, intsimbi, i-titanium, kunye ne-zinc. Ukongeza, iinkuni, i-foam, i-fiberglass, kunye neeplasitiki ezinje ngePolypropylene zinokuthwelwa.
Ngapha koko, malunga nayo nayiphi na into enokusetyenziswa ngokuchaneka komatshini we-CNC-ngokuqinisekileyo, kuxhomekeka kwisicelo kunye neemfuno zawo.
Ezinye izibonelelo zomatshini we-CNC
Kumanani amaninzi amanqanaba amancinci kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezenziwe nge-CNC, i-CNC SCN ihlala ikwindlela yokhetho.
Njengoko kunjalo nakwindlela zonke zokusika kunye noomatshini, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kwaye ubungakanani kunye nobume becandelo kwakhona banefuthe elikhulu kwinkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi inkqubo yomatshini we-CNC ochanekileyo inika izibonelelo zolunye iindlela zoomatshini.
Kungenxa yokuba ulwazi lwe-CNC luyakwazi ukuhambisa:
■ inqanaba eliphezulu lokuntywila
■ Ukuqina ngokuqinileyo, kudala ukusukela kwi-± 0.0002 "(± 0.00508 MM) ukuya kwi-0.0005" (± 0.0127 mm)
■ Ukugqitywa ngokukhethekileyo, kubandakanya ukugqitywa kwesiko
■ ukuphindaphinda, nakwimithamo ephezulu
Ngelixa umatshini onobuchule unokusebenzisa i-lathe yencwadana enesabelo kumgangatho we-10 okanye 100, kwenzeka ntoni xa ufuna i-1 000? I-10,000 yenxalenye? I-100,000 okanye izigidi?
Ngomatshini wokuchaneka kwe-CNC, unokufumana i-scaldrem kunye nesantya esifunekayo kolu hlobo lwemveliso ephezulu. Ukongeza, ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu komatshini we-CNC kunika iinxalenye ezifanayo nakuqala ukugqiba, nokuba zingaphi iindawo ozivelisayo.
Kukho iindlela ezikhethekileyo zomatshini we-CNC, kubandakanya i-wire edm (i-wokongeza ngombane), yomatshini we-3D 3d primenting. Umzekelo, uWire Edm usebenzisa izixhobo ezinobuchule - Ngokwesiqhelo izinyithi-kunye nokukhutshelwa kombane ukunciphisa umsebenzi osebenzayo kwimilo yentsusa.
Nangona kunjalo, apha siza kugxila ekugameni nasekuguqukeni kweenkqubo - iindlela ezimbini zokuthambisa ezifumanekayo kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukoma kwe-CNC.
I-Milling vs
Ukugaya yinkqubo yematshini esebenzisa isixhobo esijikelezayo, isisiseko sokusika ukususa izinto kwaye sizenze iimilo. Izixhobo zokugaya, ezaziwa njengezigidi okanye iziko lematshini, liphumeza indalo ye-geometries ye-geometries ye-geometri yentsimbi.
Uhlobo olubalulekileyo lokugaya kukuba umsebenzi wokusebenza uhlala uhleli ngelixa isixhobo sokusika sinyuka. Ngamanye amagama, kwigaya, isixhobo esijikelezayo esijikelezayo sihambahamba sijikeleze umsebenzi, esihlala sihleli kwindawo ebhedini.
Ukujika yinkqubo yokusika okanye ukubumba i-propiece kwizixhobo ezibizwa ngokuba yiLathe. Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-latherins ze-pinsmiece kwi-axis ethe nkqo okanye ethe tye ngelixa sisixhobo esisigxina (esinokuthi okanye singayicingeli) sihamba ecaleni kwe-Axis ye-Axis.
Esi sixhobo asinakuqhubeka nenxaxheba. Izinto ezibonakalayo zijikeleza, zivumela isixhobo sokwenza imisebenzi yenkqubo. .
Ukujika, ngokungafaniyo nokugaya, i-spiene yendawo yokusebenza. Inxalenye ye-Stock ijika kwi-Lathe's Spiende kwaye isixhobo esisika singeniswa kunye nomsebenzi.
Incwadana yemigaqo ye-vs. cnc
Ngelixa zombini ii-Miles kunye nee-lathes ziyafumaneka kwiimodeli zencwadi, oomatshini be-CNC zifaneleke ngakumbi ngeenjongo zemveliso ezivelisa i-scalds kunye nokuphindisela izicelo ezifuna ukunyamezelwa kweenxalenye eziphezulu zokunyamezelana.
Ukongeza ekunikezeleni ngoomatshini obu-2-axis elula apho isixhobo sihamba khona kwi-X kunye ne-Z Axes, izixhobo ze-SCC, zibandakanya imodeli ye-axis emininzi apho kunokuhamba khona umsebenzi. Oku kuyahlukileyo kwiLathe apho i-Worpiece inomda wokujikeleza kwaye izixhobo ziya kuhamba ukwenza iJometri enqwenelekayo.
Ukucwangciswa kwee-Axis ezininzi kuvumela ukuveliswa kweendlela ezinzima kakhulu zejometri kwintsebenziswano enye, ngaphandle kokufuna umsebenzi owongezelelweyo ngumsebenzi womatshini. Oku akwenzanga kube lula ukuvelisa iindawo ezintsonkothileyo, kodwa kunciphise okanye kuphelise ithuba lempazamo yomsebenzisi.
Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwepholoji yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngokuchaneka kwe-CNC kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-chips azingeni kwimisebenzi, nokuba isebenzisa umatshini onesidima esiqinisekisiweyo.
I-CNC Mills
Oomatshini bokugaya owahlukileyo bahluka kubungakanani babo, ukucwangciswa kwe-Axis, ireyithi yokondla, isantya sokutya, indlela yokutya, kunye nezinye iimpawu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, kwii-cnc mills zonke zisebenzisa i-spindle ejikelezayo ukunqumla impahla engafunekiyo. Zisetyenziselwa ukusika iinyibiba ezinzima ezinje ngentsimbi kunye ne-titanium kodwa zinokusetyenziswa ngezixhobo ezinje ngeplastiki kunye ne-aluminium.
I-CNC mills yakhiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye inokusetyenziselwa yonke into ukusuka ekwi-propttyping kwimveliso yevolumu ephezulu. Ukuphela kokuphela kwe-CNC idla ngokusetyenziselwa umsebenzi wokunyamezelana ngokuqinileyo njengokumisa i-Milling Dies kunye nezikhunta.
Ngelixa i-CNC yokuLika ingazisa ukutshintsha okukhulu, ukugqiba ukugqiba kwebala kudala iindawo ezinamanqaku abonakalayo izixhobo. Ingavelisa iinxalenye ezithile ezinamanye imiphetho ebukhali kunye nokurhaba, ngoko ke kufuneka iinkqubo ezongezelelekileyo ukuba imiphetho kunye nokungcwaba ayamkelekanga kwazo.
Ewe kunjalo, izixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo eziqukethwe kulandelelwano ziya kulandelelana, nangona zihlala ziphumelela kwi-90% yemfuno egqityiweyo kakhulu, ishiya ezinye izinto zokugqitywa kwesandla sokugqibela.
Ngokuphathelele kokugqibela, kukho izixhobo eziya kuvelisa kungekuphela nje ukugqiba komgangatho owamkelekileyo, kodwa nesipili-njengokugqitywa kwezahlulo zemveliso yomsebenzi.
Iindidi ze-cnc mills
Iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko zoomatshini bokugaya zaziwa ngamaziko omatshini omatshini kunye namaziko omatshini omatshini, apho umahluko omkhulu kukwisifundo soomatshini.
Iziko lemigangatho elithe nkqo yindawo yokuma apho i-spindle Axis ihambelana nendlela ye-Z-Axis. Olu matshini othe nkqo lunokwahlulwa ngakumbi lube ziindidi ezimbini:
■ iimayile zokulala, apho i-spindle ihamba ngokuhambelana ne-axis yayo ngelixa itafile ishukumisa i-axis ye-axis ye-spindle
■ I-turret mills, apho i-spingle ihamba khona kwaye itafile ishukunyiselwa ukuze ihlale iguqukayo kwaye iparallel kwi-axis ye-spindle
Kwiziko lemigangatho yemabhuli ethe tye, i-millind ye-axis ihambelana nendlela ye-Axis. Isakhiwo esithe tye kuthetha ukuba ezi mills zihlala zithatha indawo engaphezulu kumgangatho wevenkile yomatshini; Ikwanzima kakhulu kubunzima kwaye inamandla ngakumbi kunoomatshini omabini.
I-themation million ihlala isetyenziswa xa kufuneka igqitywe impilo engcono; Kungenxa yokuba ukuqhelaniswa kweSpile kuthetha ukuba iitshipsi zokusika ngokwemvelo zisuswe kwaye zisuswa ngokulula. (Njengenzuzo eyongeziweyo, ukususwa okusebenzayo kwe-chip kuyanceda ukwandisa isixhobo sobomi.)
Ngokubanzi, amaziko omatshini omatshini omalungayo axhaphake ngakumbi kuba enokuba namandla amachiza omatshini womatshini kwaye akwazi ukuphatha iinxalenye ezincinci kakhulu. Ukongeza, amaziko athe nkqo anendawo encinci yeenyawo kunamaziko omatshini omatshini.
I-Multi-Axis ye-Axis Mills
Ukuchaneka kwamaziko emiGayo e-CNC afumaneka nge-axes ezininzi. I-3-Axis Mill Mill isebenzisa i-x, y, kunye ne-Z axes ngenxa yomsebenzi ohlukeneyo. Nge-4-Axis Mill, umatshini unokujikeleza kwi-axis ethe nkqo kwaye athe tyaba i-axis kwaye ashukume umsebenzi osebenzayo ukuvumela okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo.
I-5-Axis Mill inee-axes ezintathu zemveli kunye ne-axes ezimbini ezongeziweyo, zenza ukuba i-godpiece ijikelezwe njengoko intloko yesiphene ijikeleza. Oku kwenza ukuba amacala ohlanu omsebenzi owenziwa ngoomatshini ngaphandle kokususa umsebenzi wokusebenza kunye nokuseta umatshini.
I-cnc lathes
I-lathe-ikwabizwa ngokuba yiZiko lokuGumathela - line-spindle enye okanye nangaphezulu, kunye ne-x kunye ne-Z axes. Umatshini usetyenziselwa ukujikeleza i-axis yayo ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokusika kunye nokusebenzisa imisebenzi, ukusebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo kulo msebenzi.
I-cnc lathes, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukwenza izixhobo zokusebenza eziphilayo, zilungele ukwenza i-cylindrical ye-cylindrical okanye iinxalenye ze-spherical. Njengakwimiliza ye-CNC, iilati ze-CNC zinokujongana nemisebenzi encinci enjalo kodwa zinokusetwa kukuphindaphindwa okuphezulu, ukuxhasa imveliso ephezulu.
Iileki ze-CNC zinokusetwa kwakhona kwimveliso yangaphakathi engenazandla, eyenza basetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimoto, i-elektroniki, i-aerospace, iirobhothi kunye nemizi-mveliso yesixhobo sonyango.
Isebenza njani imisebenzi ye-cnc
Nge-cnc lathe, i-bar engenanto yempahla ilayishwe kwi-chuck ye-lathe. Le puck ibambe i-odriece endaweni ngelixa i-spindle ijikeleza. Xa i-spindle ifikelela kwisantya esifunekayo, isixhobo sokusika isitali sokusika singeniswa kunye nomsebenzi wokususa izinto kwaye sifezekise iJometri efanelekileyo.
I-cnc i-cnc inokwenza imisebenzi emininzi, enjengokugrumba, ukungqungqa, i-boring, iphinde iphinde iphinde ijonge, ijonge, kwaye i-taper ijika. Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ifuna ukutshintsha kwesixhobo kwaye inokunyusa iindleko kunye nexesha lokuseta.
Xa yonke imisebenzi yomatshini efunekayo igqityiwe, inxalenye inqunyulwe kwisitokhwe sokuqhubela phambili, ukuba kuyafuneka. I-CNC Leyo ilungele ukuphinda iphinde, kwaye incinci okanye ayikho ixesha lokuseta ixesha eliqhelekileyo elifunwa phakathi.
Iilebhu ze-CNC zinokufumana kwakhona iindidi zemixokolo ezizenzekelayo, ezinciphisa inani lezixhobo ezingekho mthethweni ukuphatha nokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezinje ngezi zilandelayo:
■ nciphisa ixesha kunye nomzamo ofunekayo kumqhubi womatshini
■ xhasa i-bartock ukunciphisa ii-victions ezinokuchaphazela kakubi
■ vumela isixhobo somatshini ukuba sisebenze ngesantya esifanelekileyo
■ Ukucutha amaxesha okutshintsha
■ nciphisa inkunkuma ebonakalayo
Iindidi ze-cnc lathes
Kukho inani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-lathes, kodwa ezona zixhaphakileyo zi-2-axis cnc lathes kunye neelebhu ze-china ezizenzekelayo.
Uninzi lwe-CCN China Lathes lisebenzisa i-spindles enye okanye amabini aphambili kunye nemva okanye ezimbini ngasemva (okanye ezibini) i-Spindler, kunye nokudluliselwa kojikelezayo kuxanduva lwangaphambili. Isiphene esiphambili senza umsebenzi oshicilelweyo omatshini, ngoncedo lwebhasi yesikhokelo.
Ukongeza, ezinye iilaphu zesimbo saseTshayina zixhotywe ngesixhobo sesibini sentloko esebenza njenge-CNC.
Nge-CNC-I-CHN CHICIC-I-Latheeting ezenzekelayo, izinto zesitokhwe zezondliwe ngentloko yokutyibilika kwityhubhu yesikhokelo. Oku kuvumela isixhobo ukusika izinto kufutshane nenqaku apho izinto ezixhaswayo zixhaswe khona, zenza ukuba umatshini wase-china uluncedo ngokukhethekileyo ixesha elide, elinamanzi liphelile kwaye liyinto encinci.
Amaziko okuguqula ama-Axis-Axis ye-Axis ye-Axis kunye neeLathes ze-China zinokuphumeza imisebenzi ye-Maddect esebenzisa umatshini omnye. Oku kubenza inketho esebenzayo yeendlela ezinzima zejometri ezinokufuna oomatshini abaninzi okanye iinguqu zesixhobo zisebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-cnc yesiqhelo ye-CNC.