Kwicandelo lolawulo lokuhamba oluchanekileyo kakhulu, ukusebenza kwemodyuli yokubhabha emoyeni echanekileyo kakhulu kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimpawu zesiseko sayo. Isiseko sokuchaneka kwegranite kunye nesiseko seceramic njengeendlela ezimbini ezibalaseleyo, nganye ineenzuzo ezizodwa, ekuzinzeni, ekugcinweni kokuchaneka, ekuqineni nakwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kukho umahluko ocacileyo.
Uzinzo: ubuncinci bendalo xa kuthelekiswa nokuchaneka kokwenziwa
I-granite yenziwe emva kwexesha elide le-geological, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sixinene kwaye siyafana, kwaye iiminerali ezifana ne-quartz kunye ne-feldspar zidibene ngokusondeleyo. Xa kukho ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, njengokungcangcazela okubangelwa kukusebenza kwezixhobo ezinkulu kwindawo yokusebenzela, isiseko se-granite sinokuvimba kwaye sinciphise ngempumelelo ngesakhiwo saso esintsonkothileyo sekristale, esinokunciphisa ubukhulu bokungcangcazela kwemodyuli yentshukumo echanekileyo kakhulu edluliselwa kwi-air float ngaphezulu kwe-80%, ibonelela ngesiseko sokusebenza esizinzileyo semodyuli ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihamba kakuhle kwinkqubo yokucubungula okanye ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo.
Isiseko se-ceramic senziwe ngenkqubo yokwenziwa ephucukileyo, kwaye ukufana kwaso kwangaphakathi nako kugqwesileyo. Ulwakhiwo oluncinci lwezinye izixhobo ze-ceramic ezisebenza kakuhle luphantse lugqibelele, olunokwenza isiphumo sokudambisa esisebenzayo ekungcangcazeleni. Kwezinye izixhobo zokuhlola ezibonakalayo ezibuthathaka kakhulu ekungcangcazeleni, isiseko se-ceramic sinokucinezela ukuphazamiseka kokungcangcazela kuluhlu oluncinci kakhulu ukuqinisekisa intshukumo echanekileyo yemodyuli yokuhamba echanekileyo kakhulu ye-air float, kodwa ngenxa yokungcangcazela okukhulu nokuqina okuphezulu, uzinzo lwayo luphelele lungaphantsi kancinci kunolo lwesiseko se-granite.
Ukugcinwa kokuchaneka: inzuzo yendalo yokwandiswa okuphantsi kunye nommangaliso wokwenziwa kozinzo lobushushu obuphezulu
I-Granite yaziwa ngokuba ne-coefficient ephantsi kakhulu yokwandiswa kobushushu, ngokubanzi kwi-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Kwimeko yokuguquguquka kobushushu, ubungakanani besiseko sokuchaneka kwe-granite abutshintshi kangako. Umzekelo, kwicandelo le-astronomy, imodyuli yokuhamba echanekileyo kakhulu yokulungiswa kakuhle kwelensi yeteleskopu idibene nesiseko se-granite, nokuba kwimeko apho umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku ubalulekile, inokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kwendawo yelensi kugcinwa kwinqanaba le-sub-micron, inceda izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba zibambe utshintsho oluncinci lwezinto ezikude zasezulwini.
Izixhobo zeseramikhi zisebenza kakuhle nakwizinga eliphezulu lobushushu kunye neempawu zokwanda okuphantsi, kwaye i-coefficient yokwanda kobushushu kwezinye iiseramikhi ezikhethekileyo inokuba phantsi kakhulu kufutshane no-zero. Phantsi kwemeko yobushushu obuphezulu okanye utshintsho olukhawulezayo lobushushu, isiseko seseramikhi sinokugcina ubungakanani obuzinzileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kokunyakaza kwemodyuli yokunyakaza echanekileyo kakhulu ye-air float akuchaphazeleki. Kwinkqubo ye-lithography yokwenziwa kweetshiphusi ze-semiconductor, izixhobo ze-lithography kufuneka ziqhubeke nokusebenza kwindawo echanekileyo kakhulu, kwaye isiseko seseramikhi sinokugcina ukuchaneka kokubekwa kwemodyuli kwindawo eshushu kakhulu eveliswa zizixhobo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokwenziwa kweetshiphusi ukuze kuchaneke i-nanoscale.
Ukuqina: Ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-ore yendalo kunye nezinto zokwenziwa ezimelana nokugqwala
Ubunzima begranite buphezulu, ubunzima beMohs bunokufikelela kwi-6-7, kunye nokumelana okuhle kokuguguleka. Kwilabhoratri yesayensi yezinto, imodyuli yentshukumo ye-air float esetyenziswa rhoqo, isiseko sayo segranite sinokumelana ngempumelelo nokungqubana kwexesha elide kwesilayidi se-air float, xa kuthelekiswa nesiseko sezinto eziqhelekileyo, sinokwandisa umjikelo wokugcinwa kwemodyuli ngaphezulu kwe-50%, kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka komsebenzi wophando lwesayensi.
Izinto zeseramikhi azinabo nje kuphela ubunzima obuphezulu, kodwa zikwanokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo. Kwezinye iindawo zoshishino apho kukho umngcipheko wokugqwala kweekhemikhali, njengemodyuli yokuhamba ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu yokudada komoya kwizixhobo zokuvavanya imveliso yeekhemikhali, isiseko seseramikhi sinokumelana nokugqwala kweegesi okanye ulwelo olugqwalisayo, sigcine ukuthembeka komphezulu kunye neempawu zoomatshini ixesha elide, kwaye ukuqina kwaso kubhetele kunesiseko segranite kwiindawo ezithile ezinzima.
Indleko zokuvelisa kunye nobunzima bokucubungula: imingeni yokwemba kunye nokucubungula amatye endalo kunye nomda wobugcisa wokwenziwa kwezinto ezenziweyo
Inkqubo yokwemba nokuthutha izinto eziluhlaza zegranite iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ukucutshungulwa kwayo kufuna izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye nokuqhekeka, kulula ukuba neengxaki ezifana nokuwa komphetho kunye nokuqhekeka ekusikeni, ekugayeni, ekupolisheni nakwezinye iinkqubo, kwaye izinga leenkunkuma liphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela iindleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa.
Ukwenziwa kweziseko zeseramikhi kuxhomekeke kubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa obuphambili kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuchwetheza ngokuchanekileyo, ukusuka ekulungisweni kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukubumba ukuya ekutshiseni, inyathelo ngalinye lifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo. Utyalo-mali lwasekuqaleni kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweziseko zeseramikhi ezisebenza kakuhle lukhulu kwaye umda wobugcisa uphezulu, kodwa xa sele ifezekisa imveliso enkulu, iindleko kulindeleke ukuba zilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye inamandla okusebenzisa imali eninzi kwizicelo eziphezulu.
Lilonke, iziseko zegranite ezichanekileyo zisebenza kakuhle kuzinzo olupheleleyo kunye nokuqina okuqhelekileyo, ngelixa iziseko zeseramikhi zinezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo ekuzivumelaniseni nobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokuqina kokumelana nokugqwala. Ukukhetha isiseko kufuneka kusekelwe kwimeko ethile yesicelo, iimeko zendalo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko zemodyuli yentshukumo ye-air float ultra-precision motion.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-08-2025