Kwicandelo lemveliso yemizi-mveliso echanekileyo kunye nophando lwesayensi oluphambili, iqonga legranite elinokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwenyikima libe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuqinisekisa uphuhliso olucokisekileyo lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo echanekileyo. Umgangatho walo ongqongqo wokulinganisa umbane unika isiqinisekiso esithembekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi zomsebenzi ezibuthathaka kakhulu ekungcangcazeleni.
Okokuqala, isiseko sokumisela umgangatho wokumelana nenyikima weqonga legranite
Iimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo: Iqonga legranite lenziwe ngegranite yendalo, emva kwezigidi zeminyaka yeenkqubo zejoloji, isakhiwo sekristale yangaphakathi silungelelaniswe ngokusondeleyo kwaye sifana kakhulu. Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo sinika igranite izinga eliphantsi kakhulu lokutshintsha kwe-elastic modulus, xa iphantsi koxinzelelo, xa ithelekiswa nezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana nesinyithi, inokulawula ukuguquguquka kwayo kwe-elastic kuluhlu oluncinci kakhulu. Ngokwesigqibo samaziko ovavanyo olugunyazisiweyo, ukuguquguquka kwe-elastic kwegranite kwindawo yovavanyo lokungcangcazela eqhelekileyo yi-1/10-1/20 kuphela yezixhobo zesinyithi eziqhelekileyo, ezibeka isiseko esiqinileyo sezinto zokusebenza kwe-seismic kwinqanaba eliphezulu leqonga.
Uyilo lwesakhiwo: Ngokwembono yesakhiwo esikhulu, iqonga legranite lenziwe ngemilo yejometri ephuculiweyo kunye noyilo lwenkxaso. Umlinganiselo wobude nobubanzi nokuphakama kweqonga ubalwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa iziko elizinzileyo lomxhuzulane kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokushukuma okubangelwa kukungcangcazela. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusasazwa kwamanqaku enkxaso kucwangciswe ngokwesayensi ngokwemigaqo ye-mechanics, enokusasaza ngokulinganayo ubunzima bezinto ezibekwe eqongeni kunye namandla empembelelo aveliswa kukungcangcazela kwangaphandle. Umzekelo, kwiqonga elikhulu legranite, kusetyenziswa isakhiwo senkxaso samanqaku amaninzi, kwaye impazamo yomgama phakathi kwamanqaku enkxaso akufutshane ilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-±0.05mm, nto leyo ethintela ngempumelelo uxinzelelo lwengingqi kwaye iphucule ngakumbi amandla e-seismic eqonga.
2. Izalathisi ezineenkcukacha kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwinqanaba ngalinye elichasene nokushaqeka
Umgangatho omelana nomothuko weNqanaba loku-1 (iimeko zemfuneko yokuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu)
Isalathisi sokuhamba kwentshukumo yokungcangcazela: Ngaphakathi koluhlu lwesantya sokungcangcazela kwentshukumo ye-seismic (0.1Hz-100Hz), ixabiso eliphezulu lokuhamba kwentshukumo yokungcangcazela kuyo nayiphi na indawo kumphezulu weqonga alidluli kwi-0.001mm. Xa ukungcangcazela kwentshukumo ephantsi okuveliswa kukusebenza koomatshini abakhulu abajikelezileyo (njengokungcangcazela kwesixhobo somatshini esinzima kwisantya esimalunga ne-1Hz-10Hz) kuphazanyiswa, izixhobo zokulinganisa ezibonakalayo ezichanekileyo ezibekwe eqongeni, njenge-atomic force microscopy, utshintsho lokuhamba phakathi kweprobe yokulinganisa kunye nesampuli elinganisiweyo alunamsebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kwi-nanoscale akuchaphazeleki.
Imeko yesicelo: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-lithography yokwenziwa kweetshiphusi ze-semiconductor. Ukwenziwa kweetshiphusi kufuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-lithography, kwaye ububanzi bomgca bufikelele kwinqanaba le-nanometer. Kwinkqubo ye-lithography, iqonga le-granite kufuneka linike inkxaso ezinzileyo kumatshini we-lithography, lihlukanise ukungcangcazela okuveliswa kukusebenza kwezinye izixhobo kwindawo yokusebenzela, kwaye liqinisekise ukudluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwepateni ye-lithography, ngaloo ndlela liphucula kakhulu isivuno sokwenziwa kweetshiphusi. Ngokwezibalo zoshishino, ukusetyenziswa komgca wokwenziwa kweetshiphusi ohlangabezana neqonga le-granite elisemgangathweni elinganyangekiyo kwinqanaba lokuqala kuye kwandisa isivuno nge-15%-20% xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwamaqonga aqhelekileyo.
Umgangatho weNqanaba lesi-2 wokulwa nomothuko (imeko echanekileyo kakhulu)
Isalathisi sokuhamba kwentshukumo yokungcangcazela: phantsi kwesantya sokungcangcazela se-0.1Hz-100Hz, ukuhamba kwentshukumo yokungcangcazela okuphezulu komphezulu weqonga kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.005mm. Kwiimvavanyo zokufumanisa iisuntswana zemicroscope ezenziwa kwiilabhoratri zophando lwesayensi kwiiyunivesithi, ezifana novavanyo lwe-scanning tunneling microscope (STM), eli nqanaba lokusebenza okungenakushukunyiswa linokuqinisekisa ukuba indawo ephakathi kwencam ye-STM kunye nesampuli izinzile nokuba kukho imithombo ethile yokungcangcazela eqhelekileyo efana nabasebenzi abahambahambayo kwilabhoratri kunye nezixhobo ezihambahambayo kwilabhoratri. Ke ngoko, ulwazi lwe-quantum state lweesuntswana zemicroscopic lubanjwa ngokuchanekileyo, nto leyo enika isiqinisekiso kubaphandi sokufumana idatha yovavanyo echanekileyo.
Imeko yesicelo: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yezixhobo ezichanekileyo kakhulu, njengenkqubo yokulungisa iingxaki zemveliso yebhalansi ye-elektroniki echanekileyo kakhulu. Iibhalansi ze-elektroniki zinovakalelo olukhulu ekungcangcazeleni, kwaye nokungcangcazela okuncinci kunokubangela ukuphambuka kwiziphumo zokulinganisa. Iqonga le-granite, elihlangabezana nomgangatho wenqanaba lesibini lokumelana nokutshaqeka, linokubonelela ngendawo ezinzileyo yokulinganisa kunye nokuqalisa ibhalansi ye-elektroniki, liqinisekise ukuba ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kwebhalansi kufikelela kwinqanaba le-microgram, kwaye lihlangabezane neemfuno zoshishino zokuchaneka kokulinganisa ubunzima obuphezulu njengokuchongwa kwamayeza kunye nobucwebe.
Umgangatho ozinzileyo wokumelana nokutshona kwamanqanaba amathathu (imeko yokuchaneka okuphezulu)
Isalathisi sokuhamba kwe-vibration: kuluhlu lwe-vibration frequency oluyi-0.1Hz-100Hz, i-peak vibration displacement yomphezulu weqonga ayidluli kwi-0.01mm. Xa ujongene ne-vibration eveliswa kukusebenza kwezixhobo eziphakathi eziqhelekileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela yefektri (i-vibration frequency ngokubanzi yi-10Hz-50Hz), izixhobo zokulinganisa eziqhelekileyo ezibekwe kwiqonga le-granite, njengesixhobo sokulinganisa esidibeneyo, zinokugcina ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kuzinzile, kwaye ukuphambuka kwedatha yokulinganisa kulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluncinci kakhulu.
Imeko yesicelo: Ifanelekile ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kwimveliso yeendawo zeemoto. Ukuchaneka komatshini we-injini ye-injini yemoto, izixhobo zokudlulisa kunye nezinye iindawo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwemoto. Ekulinganisweni kwezi ndawo, iqonga le-granite lokusebenza okuthathu okungenakoyiswa linokuhlula ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zeworkshop ezisebenzisa ukungcangcazela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sokulinganisa esilungelelanisiweyo silinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani beendawo, imo kunye nokunyamezelana kweendawo kunye nezinye iiparameter, ukubonelela ngenkxaso enamandla yolawulo lomgangatho weendawo zeemoto, ukuphucula imveliso yezinga lokupasa kweendawo zeemoto.
Ezintathu, uvavanyo oluqinileyo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba lenyikima liyahlangabezana nomgangatho
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iqonga ngalinye legranite liyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ehambelanayo yokumelana nenyikima, simisele iseti yenkqubo yokuhlola umgangatho engqongqo negqibeleleyo. Kwinkqubo yemveliso, uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwepropathi yomzimba lwenziwa kwisiqwenga ngasinye sezinto eziluhlaza zegranite ukuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo saso sangaphakathi siyafana kwaye asinaziphene ezicacileyo. Emva kokuba ukucubungula iqonga kugqityiwe, izixhobo zovavanyo lokulinganisa ukungcangcazela eziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokungcangcazela ezintsonkothileyo ukuvavanya iqonga. Ngokusebenzisa isenzi sokufuduka selaser esichanekileyo, ukujonga ngexesha langempela utshintsho lokufuduka kwendawo nganye kumphezulu weqonga ngexesha lenkqubo yokungcangcazela, kwaye idatha idluliselwa kwinkqubo yobuchwephesha yokucubungula idatha ukuze ihlalutywe. Kuphela xa izalathisi zokungcangcazela zeqonga zihambelana ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho yomgangatho ohambelanayo wokumelana nokungcangcazela, zivunyelwe ukufakwa kwimarike.
Ngamafutshane, iqonga legranite elinemigangatho yalo yesayensi yokumelana nokutshaqeka, ukusebenza okugqwesileyo okumelana nokutshaqeka kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lomgangatho, kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nomsebenzi wophando lwesayensi kwimisebenzi echanekileyo yokubonelela ngenkxaso ezinzileyo eyimfuneko, kukusukela ukuchaneka kokugqibela kunye nokuthembeka kokhetho.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-28-2025