Kwimveliso echanekileyo, ukuhlanganiswa kweenqwelo-moya, kunye neevenkile zezixhobo kunye needayi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseMntla Melika, kukho inyani ethuleyo kodwa ebalulekileyo ephila ngayo iingcali zemetro ezinamava: nokuba izixhobo zakho ziphucuke kangakanani na, imilinganiselo yakho ithembeke kuphela njengomphezulu ekubhekiselwe kuwo. Kwaye xa kufikwa ekuchanekeni kwesiseko, akukho nto—ingaba yintsimbi ephosiweyo, ingabi yintsimbi, okanye i-composite—efana nokuzinza okuhlala kuhleli kwepleyiti yomphezulu wokuhlolwa kwegranite. Nangona inendima ebalulekileyo, le nto ibalulekileyo idla ngokuphathwa njengebhentshi yomsebenzi engasebenziyo endaweni yomgangatho wemetrology osebenzayo njengoko unjalo ngokwenene.
Iziphumo zaloo mpazamo zinokuba zincinci kodwa zibiza kakhulu. Umenzi wemishini ulungelelanisa isixhobo esintsonkothileyo esebenzisa iigeyiji zokuphakama kwipleyiti egugileyo okanye engaqinisekiswanga. Umhloli uqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu otywiniweyo uthe tyaba ngesalathisi sedayili esifakwe kwisiseko esigobileyo. Injineli yomgangatho ivuma ibhetshi esekelwe kwidatha yeCMM engazange iqinisekiswe ngokuchasene neplani yesalathiso eyaziwayo. Kwimeko nganye, izixhobo zisenokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo—kodwa isiseko esingaphantsi kwazo siyaphazamiseka. Yiyo loo nto ukuqonda amandla, imida, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwepleyiti yakho yokuhlola umphezulu wegranite, ngakumbi xa usebenza neenkqubo ezinkulu zepleyiti yomphezulu wegranite, akusiyo nje indlela elungileyo yokwenza izinto—yimfuneko yokugcina umgangatho olandelekayo nokhuselekileyo.
I-granite ibisoloko ikhethwa kakhuluiindawo zokubhekisela ngokuchanekileyoukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, kwaye ngenxa yezizathu zesayensi ezivakalayo. Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluxineneyo noluneengcezu ezincinci lunika ukuqina okungaqhelekanga, ukwanda okuncinci kobushushu (ngesiqhelo yi-6–8 µm/m·°C), kunye nokuxinana kwendalo—konke oku kubalulekile ekulinganisweni okuphindaphindwayo. Ngokungafaniyo neepleyiti zesinyithi, ezidla, zigcina uxinzelelo, kwaye zanda ngokubonakalayo ngokutshintsha kobushushu be-ambient, i-granite ihlala izinzile ngokwemilinganiselo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zeworkshop. Yingakho imigangatho efana ne-ASME B89.3.7 kunye ne-ISO 8512-2 ichaza i-granite—hayi njengento ekhethwayo, kodwa njengemfuneko yesiseko—kwiipleyiti zomphezulu zeBanga 00 ukuya kwiBanga 1 ezisetyenziswa ekulinganisweni nasekuhlolweni.
Kodwa ubungakanani buzisa imingeni emitsha.ipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite—masithi, i-2000 x 1000 mm okanye ngaphezulu—ayisiyiyo nje inguqulelo eyongeziweyo yepleyiti yebhentshi. Ubunzima bayo (obuhlala budlula i-800 kg) bufuna inkxaso echanekileyo yejometri ukuthintela ukugoba. Iigradients zobushushu kubunzima bayo zinokwenza ii-micro-curvatures ukuba azilungelelaniswe kakuhle. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ukunyamezelana kokuthe tyaba kukhula ngobukhulu (umz., ±13 µm kwipleyiti ye-2000 x 1000 mm yeGrade 0 ngokwe-ISO 8512-2), nokuba ukuphambuka okuncinci kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kumgama omde. Kulapho ubuchule buhlangana khona nobunjineli: iipleyiti zegranite ezinkulu azinqunyulwa nje kwaye zipolishwe—zincitshiswa kuxinzelelo kangangeenyanga, ziphathwa ngesandla kangangeeveki, kwaye ziqinisekiswe kusetyenziswa i-laser interferometers okanye amanqanaba e-elektroniki kumakhulu amanqaku kumphezulu.
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo yindlela ezi plates ezidibana ngayo nezixhobo zokulinganisa ipleyiti yomphezulu. Iigeyiji zokuphakama, izalathi zovavanyo lwe-dial, ii-sine bars, izikwere ezichanekileyo, iibhloko ze-gage, kunye nee-optical comparators zonke zicinga ukuba umphezulu ongaphantsi ulungile. Ukuba akunjalo, yonke i-reading ifumana loo mpazamo. Umzekelo, xa usebenzisa i-digital height gauge ukulinganisa ukuphakama kwesinyathelo kwi-injini block, i-10-micron dip kwipleyiti iguqulela ngqo kwi-10-micron error kumlinganiselo wakho oxeliweyo—nokuba i-gauge ngokwayo ilinganiswe ngokugqibeleleyo. Yingakho iilabhoratri eziphezulu zingabi ne-granite plate kuphela; ziyiphatha njengomgangatho wokuphila, zicwangcisa uhlengahlengiso oluqhelekileyo, zilawula ukuvezwa kwendalo, kwaye zibhala phantsi yonke into esetyenziswayo.
Kwi-ZHHIMG, sizibonele ngawakho amehlo indlela ukutshintshela kwipleyiti yokuhlola umphezulu yegranite eqinisekisiweyo eguqula ngayo iziphumo zomgangatho. Omnye umenzi we-mold waseYurophu watshintsha itafile yakhe yesinyithi esidala ngepleyiti yegranite yeBanga 0 eyi-1500 x 1000 mm waza wabona umahluko wokulinganisa phakathi kwabasebenzi uhla ngama-40%. Izixhobo zabo azitshintshanga—kodwa ireferensi yabo itshintshile. Omnye umthengi kwicandelo lezixhobo zonyango uphumelele uhlolo olungqongqo lwe-FDA kuphela emva kokubonelela ngesatifikethi esipheleleyo sokulinganisa ipleyiti yabo enkulu yomphezulu wegranite, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iyalandeleka kwimigangatho yesizwe. Ezi azizo zodwa iimpumelelo; ziziphumo eziqikelelweyo xa uqinisa i-metrology yakho kwinyani ebonakalayo.
Kukwafanelekile ukulahla intsomi eqhelekileyo: yokuba igranite ibuthathaka. Nangona inokuqhekeka xa ibethwa ngentsimbi eqinileyo, ihlala ixesha elide xa isetyenziswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ayigqwali, ayifuni ioyile, kwaye ayizukujika kumswakama okanye kubushushu obuphakathi. Ngononophelo olusisiseko—ukucoca rhoqo nge-isopropyl alcohol, ukuphepha ukungqubana ngqo, kunye nenkxaso efanelekileyo—umgangatho ophezuluipleyiti yegranitezingahlala iminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu. Iipleyiti ezininzi ezazifakelwe ngeminyaka yoo-1970 zisasebenza imihla ngemihla nanamhlanje, ukuthamba kwazo akutshintshi.
Xa ukhetha ipleyiti yomphezulu wokuhlola igranite, jonga ngaphaya kobuhle. Qinisekisa ibakala (iBanga 00 leelebhu zokulinganisa, iBanga 0 lokuhlola ngokuchanekileyo), qinisekisa ukuba isiqinisekiso siquka imephu yokuthamba (hayi nje isitampu sokupasa/sokungaphumeleli), kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umthengisi unika isikhokelo malunga nokuseta, ukuphatha, kunye nokutshintsha imilinganiselo. Kwiindawo ezinkulu zokufakela ipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite, buza malunga nezitendi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezineenyawo zokulinganisa ezihlengahlengiswayo kunye nokwahlulwa kokungcangcazela—kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuchaneka kwiindawo zemveliso.
Kwaye khumbula: izixhobo zakho zokulinganisa ipleyiti yomphezulu zithembekile kuphela njengomphezulu ezihlala kuwo. I-gaugeonawarpedtable enobude obuyi-10,000ephezulu i-accuratethana100 ekwipleyiti yegranite eqinisekisiweyo. Ukuchaneka akubhekiselele kwisixhobo esibiza kakhulu—kubhekiselele kwisalathiso esithembekileyo.
Apha e-ZHHIMG, sisebenzisana neeworkshops eziphambili ezidibanisa iindlela zobugcisa zokudibanisa kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-metrology yanamhlanje. Ipleyiti nganye esiyinikezelayo ivavanywa ngokwahlukeneyo, icwangciswe ngokulandelelana, kwaye ikhatshwa sisatifikethi esipheleleyo se-NIST esinokulandeleka. Asikholelwa "ekusondeleni ngokwaneleyo." Kwi-metrology, akukho nto injalo.
Ngoko ke zibuze: xa eyona nto ibalulekileyo iphumelela kuvavanyo lokugqibela, ngaba uyalithemba inani—okanye ubuze umbuzo ongaphantsi kwalo? Impendulo inokumisela ukuba uhlolo lwakho olulandelayo luyimpumelelo okanye lubuyela umva. Kuba kwihlabathi lokuchaneka, ukuthembeka kuqala ukusuka ekuqaleni. Kwaye kwi-ZHHIMG, sizibophelele ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umhlaba uqinile, uzinzile, kwaye ulungile ngokwesayensi.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-09-2025