Ikwinkalo yophando lwezenzululwazi, ukuphinda-phindwa kwedatha yovavanyo yinto engundoqo yokulinganisa ukuthembeka kwezinto ezifunyaniswe zenzululwazi. Nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo okanye impazamo yokulinganisa kunokubangela ukutenxa kwisiphumo, ngaloo ndlela kwenze buthathaka ukuthembeka kwesigqibo sophando. Ngeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, igranite iqinisekisa uzinzo lweemvavanyo kuzo zonke iinkalo ukusuka kubume bayo bezinto eziphathekayo ukuya kuyilo lolwakhiwo, iyenza ibe sisixhobo esisisiseko esifanelekileyo sezixhobo zophando lwezenzululwazi.
1. I-Isotropy: Ukuphelisa imithombo yempazamo ekhoyo kwimathiriyeli ngokwayo
I-Granite iqulethwe ngamakristali amaminerali afana ne-quartz, i-feldspar kunye ne-mica ngokulinganayo, ebonisa iimpawu zendalo ze-isotropic. Olu phawu lubonisa ukuba iimpawu zalo zomzimba (ezifana nobulukhuni kunye ne-elastic modulus) zihambelana ngokusisiseko kuzo zonke iinkalo kwaye aziyi kubangela ukutenxa komlinganiselo ngenxa yokwahlukana kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimvavanyo ezichanekileyo ze-mechanics, xa iisampulu zibekwe kwiqonga legranite lokulayisha iimvavanyo, i-deformation yeqonga ihlala izinzile kungakhathaliseki ukuba liliphi na icala ekusetyenzisweni amandla, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwa ngokufanelekileyo iimpazamo zokulinganisa ezibangelwa yi-anisotropy yesikhokelo sezinto eziphathekayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, izinto zetsimbi zibonisa i-anisotropy ebalulekileyo ngenxa yokumahluko kwi-crystal orientation ngexesha lokucubungula, echaphazela kakubi ukuhambelana kwedatha yovavanyo. Ke ngoko, olu phawu lwegranite luqinisekisa ukufana kweemeko zovavanyo kwaye lubeka isiseko esiluqilima sokuphumeza ukuphindaphindwa kwedatha.
2. Ukuzinza kweThermal: Ukuxhathisa ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuguquguquka kweqondo lokushisa
Imifuniselo yophando lwezenzululwazi idla ngokuba nobuntununtunu kubushushu bendalo esingqongileyo. Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci lobushushu lunokubangela ukwanda kwe-thermal kunye nokucutheka kwezinto, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukuchaneka komlinganiselo. I-Granite ine-coefficient ephantsi kakhulu yokwandiswa kwe-thermal (4-8 × 10⁻⁶/℃), esisiqingatha kuphela sentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye nesinye kwisithathu se-aluminium alloy. Kwimeko-bume enokuguquguquka kobushushu obuyi-±5℃, utshintsho lobungakanani beqonga legranite lemitha enye ubude lingaphantsi kwe-0.04μm, eliphantse lingahoywa. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimvavanyo zokuphazamiseka kwe-optical interference, ukusetyenziswa kwamaqonga egranite kunokwahlula ngokufanelekileyo ukuphazamiseka kobushushu okubangelwa kukuqalisa kunye nokumiswa kwee-conditioners zomoya, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekisa uzinzo lwedatha ngexesha lomlinganiselo we-laser wavelength kunye nokuthintela uphazamiseko lwe-fringe offsets ngenxa yokuguquka kwe-thermal, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki okuhle kunye nokuthelekisana kwedatha ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
Iii. Ukugqwesa amandla okucinezela ukungcangcazela
Kwindawo yebhubhoratri, ukungcangcazela okwahlukeneyo (njengokusebenza kwezixhobo kunye nokunyakaza kwabasebenzi) zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziphezulu zokudambisa, igranite ibe luhlobo "lwesithintelo sendalo". Ubume bayo bangaphakathi bekristal bunokuguqula ngokukhawuleza amandla okungcangcazela kumandla obushushu, kwaye umlinganiselo wayo wokudambisa uphezulu njengo-0.05-0.1, ongcono kakhulu kunezinto zetsimbi (kuphela malunga ne-0.01). Umzekelo, kuvavanyo lwe-scanning microscopy (STM), ngokusebenzisa isiseko segranite, ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeentshukumo zangaphandle zinokuthotywa kwimizuzwana nje eyi-0.3, kugcinwe umgama phakathi kweprobe kunye nomgangatho wesampulu uzinze kakhulu kwaye ngaloo ndlela uqinisekisa ukuhambelana kokufunyanwa komfanekiso we-athom. Ukongezelela, ukudibanisa iqonga legranite kunye neenkqubo zokuzihlukanisa zokungcangcazela ezifana nemithombo yomoya okanye i-magnetic levitation inokunciphisa ngakumbi ukuphazamiseka kwe-oscillation kwinqanaba le-nanometer, ukuphucula kakhulu ukuchaneka kovavanyo.
Iv. Ukuzinza kweMichiza kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide
Ukuziqhelanisa nophando lwezenzululwazi kaninzi kufuna ixesha elide kunye nokuqinisekiswa okuphindaphindiweyo, ngoko ke imfuno yokuqina kwezinto ibaluleke kakhulu. Njengesixhobo esineempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo, i-granite inoluhlu olubanzi lokunyamezela i-pH (1-14), ayifuni kunye ne-asidi eqhelekileyo kunye ne-alkali reagents, kwaye ayikhuphi i-ion zetsimbi. Ngoko ke, ifanelekile kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana neelebhu zekhemikhali kunye namagumbi acocekileyo. Okwangoku, ubunzima bayo obuphezulu (ubunzima be-Mohs ye-6-7) kunye nokugqwesa ukuxhathisa ukugqoka kwenza kube lula ukunxiba kunye nokuguqulwa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ukuhluka kwe-flatness yeqonga le-granite elisetyenziswe iminyaka eyi-10 kwiziko elithile lophando lwe-physics lisalawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-± 0.1μm / m, libeka isiseko esiluqilima sokubonelela ngokuqhubekayo ireferensi ethembekileyo.
Ukuqukumbela, ngokwembono ye-microstructure ukuya ekusebenzeni kwe-macroscopic, i-granite isusa ngokucwangcisiweyo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi ziphazamise kunye neenzuzo ezininzi ezifana ne-isotropy, ukuzinza okugqwesileyo kwe-thermal, amandla okucinezela ukungcangcazela, kunye nokuqina okubalaseleyo kweekhemikhali. Kwintsimi yophando lwezenzululwazi olulandela ukuqina kunye nokuphindaphinda, igranite, kunye neenzuzo zayo ezingenakuguqulwa, ibe yinto ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni idatha eyinyani nethembekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-24-2025