Kwimimandla yokwakha neyoshishino, igranite isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima bayo, uxinano, ukumelana ne-asidi kunye ne-alkali, kunye nokumelana nemozulu. Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha oluya kukunika malunga nokuba umbala wegranite uyayichaphazela na uxinano lwayo kunye nendlela yokukhetha igranite ezinzileyo ngakumbi kwicandelo lezixhobo zokuchaneka kwemizi-mveliso.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kombala kunye nobuninzi begranite
I-granite yenziwe kakhulu ziiminerali ezifana ne-quartz, i-feldspar kunye ne-mica, kwaye umbala wayo uxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye nobungakanani bezinto ezikuyo. Ngokwembono yoxinano, kukho unxibelelwano oluthile phakathi kombala kunye noxinano, kodwa ayilolwalamano oluthe ngqo olubangelwa yimbangela.
Umahluko kwimilo yeeminerali: Inombala okhanyayo gI-ranite, efana nomhlophe ongwevu kunye nobomvu benyama, idla ngokutyeba kwi-quartz kunye ne-feldspar. Ezi zimbiwa zinobunzima obuphezulu nobuzinzileyo. Ubunzima be-quartz buqala kwi-2.6 ukuya kwi-2.7g/cm³, ngelixa obo be-feldspar buhluka ukusuka kwi-2.5 ukuya kwi-2.8g/cm³ kuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Ubuninzi bezimbiwa bukhokelela ekunyukeni kobunzima be-granite enemibala ekhanyayo. I-granite emnyama, efana nomnyama noluhlaza, idla ngokuqulatha inani eliphezulu le-iron kunye ne-magnesium minerals kunye neeminerali ezimnyama ezifana ne-amphibole kunye ne-biotite. Ubunzima be-amphibole bumalunga ne-3.0-3.4g /cm³, kwaye obo be-biotite bumalunga ne-2.7-3.1g /cm³. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-granite emnyama iqulethe izinto ezininzi zesinyithi esinzima (ezifana ne-iron kunye ne-manganese), ubuninzi bayo buya kwanda.
Umlinganiselo wokwakheka kwekristale kunye nempembelelo yesakhiwo: Umbala ngamanye amaxesha unokubonakalisa umahluko kwinqanaba lokwakheka kwekristale kunye nesakhiwo segranite. Igranite enezinga eliphezulu lokwakheka kwekristale kunye nesakhiwo esixineneyo inombala ofanayo nozinzileyo, kwaye uxinano lwayo luphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba amasuntswana eeminerali alungelelaniswe ngokusondeleyo kwaye anobunzima obukhulu ngeyunithi nganye. Igranite enezinga eliphantsi lokwakheka kwekristale kunye nesakhiwo esikhululekileyo inokuba nemibala enemibala nengalinganiyo, iindawo ezininzi zangaphakathi, kunye noxinano oluphantsi.
Ukukhethwa kwegranite kwicandelo lezixhobo zobugcisa bemizi-mveliso
Kwicandelo lezixhobo ezichanekileyo zoshishino, iimfuno zozinzo lwegranite ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, igranite efanelekileyo ikhethwa ngokujonga ngokupheleleyo izinto ezininzi:
Ukwakheka kunye nolwakhiwo lweminerali: Igranite enomxholo ophezulu kunye nokusasazwa okufanayo kwequartz kunye nefeldspar iyakhethwa. Olu hlobo lwegranite lunesakhiwo sangaphakathi esizinzileyo, esinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguquguquka okubangelwa kukutshintsha koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwaye siqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwezixhobo. Okwangoku, igranite enezinga eliphezulu lekristali, amasuntswana amancinci kunye afanayo, kunye nesakhiwo esixineneyo lukhetho olukhethwayo. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, inokugcina ukuchaneka ngcono kwaye inciphise impembelelo yotshintsho lwayo kwisakhiwo ekuchanekeni kwezixhobo.
Izalathisi zokusebenza ezibonakalayo: I-granite iyadingeka ukuba ibe nesantya esiphantsi sokufunxa amanzi, ngokubanzi ingaphantsi kwe-0.5%, ukuthintela iingxaki ezinje ngokwandiswa komthamo kunye nokunciphisa amandla okubangelwa kukufunxa amanzi, okunokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwesixhobo. I-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu kufuneka ibe phantsi. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-8×10⁻⁶/℃ ukunciphisa utshintsho olubangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu. Ukongeza, amandla okucinezela kufuneka abe phezulu, ngokubanzi abe ngaphezulu kwe-150MPa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokumelana namandla ahlukeneyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ezicetyiswayo: I-Jinan Green Granite, i-Indian Black, i-South African Black kunye nezinye iigranite ezimnyama, ezinombala omnyama kakhulu, zixineneyo kwisakhiwo, zinomlinganiselo ophantsi wokwanda kobushushu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, kwaye zifanelekile kwiziseko zezixhobo zokuhlola ezibonakalayo ezineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuchaneka nokuzinza. I-granite emhlophe ye-sesame, enombala okhanyayo, amasuntswana eeminerali afanayo, kunye nobunzima kunye namandla aphezulu, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokwenza ii-chip ze-elektroniki kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubeka ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwezixhobo.
Ukuqukumbela, nangona kukho ulwalamano oluthile phakathi kombala kunye nobuninzi begranite, xa ukhetha igranite kwicandelo lezixhobo zokuchaneka kwemizi-mveliso, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo iinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokwakheka kwezimbiwa, ulwakhiwo, kunye neempawu zomzimba ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza kwezixhobo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-19-2025