1. Uhlolo olupheleleyo loMgangatho weNkangeleko
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wembonakalo epheleleyo linyathelo eliphambili ekunikezelweni nasekumkelweni kwezinto zegranite. Izalathisi ezinemilinganiselo emininzi kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa. Ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo zokuhlolwa zishwankathelwe kwiimilinganiselo ezine eziphambili: ukuthembeka, umgangatho womphezulu, ubungakanani kunye nemilo, kunye nokulebhelisha kunye nokupakishwa:
Uhlolo loBulungisa
Izinto zegranite mazihlolwe kakuhle ukuze kujongwe umonakalo obonakalayo. Iziphene ezichaphazela amandla kunye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo, ezifana nemingxunya yomphezulu, imiphetho ephukileyo kunye neekona, ukungcola okufakwe ngaphakathi, ukwaphuka, okanye iziphene, azivumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Ngokweemfuno zamva nje ze-GB/T 18601-2024 “Iibhodi Zokwakha zeGranite Zendalo,” inani elivumelekileyo leziphene ezifana nemingxunya lincitshisiwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nenguqulelo yangaphambili yomgangatho, kwaye amalungiselelo malunga namabala emibala kunye neziphene zomgca wombala kwinguqulelo ka-2009 acinyiwe, okuqinisa ngakumbi ulawulo lokuthembeka kwesakhiwo. Kwizinto ezinemilo ekhethekileyo, kufuneka uhlolo olongezelelweyo lokuthembeka kwesakhiwo emva kokucubungula ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo ofihlakeleyo obangelwa ziimo ezinzima. Imigangatho ephambili: GB/T 20428-2006 “I-Rock Leveler” icacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umphezulu osebenzayo kunye namacala e-leveler kufuneka angabi naziphene ezifana nemingxunya, iimbombo, ubume obukhululekileyo, iimpawu zokuguguleka, ukutsha, kunye nemingxunya eya kuchaphazela kakhulu inkangeleko kunye nokusebenza.
Umgangatho womphezulu
Uvavanyo lomgangatho womphezulu kufuneka luqwalasele ukuguda, ukukhazimla, kunye nokuhambelana kombala:
Uburhabaxa Bomphezulu: Kwizicelo zobunjineli obuchanekileyo, uburhabaxa bomphezulu kufuneka bufikelele kwi-Ra ≤ 0.63μm. Kwizicelo eziqhelekileyo, oku kunokufezekiswa ngokwesivumelwano. Ezinye iinkampani zokucubungula ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezifana neSishui County Huayi Stone Craft Factory, zinokufikelela kwi-Ra ≤ 0.8μm zisebenzisa izixhobo zokugaya nezokucoca ezingenisiweyo.
Ukukhazimla: Imiphezulu enesipili (JM) kufuneka ihlangabezane nokukhazimla okukhethekileyo kwe-≥ 80GU (umgangatho we-ASTM C584), okulinganiswa kusetyenziswa imitha yokukhazimla yobungcali phantsi kwemithombo yokukhanya eqhelekileyo. Ulawulo lomahluko wombala: Oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwindawo engenalanga ngqo. "Indlela yokubeka ipleyiti eqhelekileyo" ingasetyenziswa: iibhodi ezivela kwibhetshi enye zibekwe ngokuthe tyaba kwindawo yokusebenzela yokubeka, kwaye utshintsho lombala kunye neenkozo luhlengahlengiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana ngokubanzi. Kwiimveliso ezinemilo ekhethekileyo, ulawulo lomahluko wombala lufuna amanyathelo amane: imijikelo emibini yokukhetha izinto ezirhabaxa emgodini nakwifektri, ulwakhiwo olusekelwe emanzini kunye nokulungiswa kombala emva kokusika nokwahlulahlula, kunye nolwakhiwo lwesibini kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle emva kokusila nokupolisha. Ezinye iinkampani zinokufikelela ekuchanekeni komahluko wombala we-ΔE ≤ 1.5.
Ukuchaneka kweMilinganiselo kunye neFomu
Kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano "yezixhobo ezichanekileyo + iinkcukacha ezisemgangathweni" ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyamezelana okulinganayo kunye nokwejiyometri kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo:
Izixhobo zokulinganisa: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nee-calipers ze-vernier (ukuchaneka ≥ 0.02mm), ii-micrometer (ukuchaneka ≥ 0.001mm), kunye nee-interferometer ze-laser. Ii-interferometer ze-laser kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yokulinganisa efana ne-JJG 739-2005 kunye ne-JB/T 5610-2006. Ukuhlolwa kokuTyatya: Ngokuhambelana ne-GB/T 11337-2004 “Ukufunyanwa kweMpazamo yokuTyatyatha,” impazamo yokutyatyatha ilinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-interferometer ye-laser. Kwizicelo zokuchaneka, ukunyamezela kufuneka kube yi-≤0.02mm/m (ngokuhambelana nokuchaneka kweKlasi 00 okuchazwe kwi-GB/T 20428-2006). Izixhobo zephepha eziqhelekileyo zihlulwe ngokwebakala, umzekelo, ukunyamezela kokuttyatha kwezinto zephepha ezigqityiweyo yi-≤0.80mm kwiBakala A, ≤1.00mm kwiBakala B, kunye ne-≤1.50mm kwiBakala C.
Ukunyamezela Ubukhulu: Kwizinto ezigqityiweyo ngamaphepha, ukunyamezelana kobukhulu (H) kulawulwa ukuba kube: ±0.5mm kwiBanga A, ±1.0mm kwiBanga B, kunye ±1.5mm kwiBanga C, kwi-H ≤12mm. Izixhobo zokusika ze-CNC ezizenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo zinokugcina ukunyamezelana kokuchaneka okulinganayo kwe-≤0.5mm.
Ukumakisha kunye nokuPakisha
Iimfuno zokuMakisha: Imiphezulu yezinto kufuneka ibhalwe ngokucacileyo nangokuhlala ixesha elide ngolwazi olufana nomzekelo, iinkcukacha, inombolo yebhetshi, kunye nomhla wokuveliswa. Izinto ezimile ngendlela ekhethekileyo kufuneka zibandakanye inombolo yokucubungula ukuze kube lula ukulandeleka kunye nokuhambelana kokufakwa. Iinkcukacha zokuPakisha: Ukupakishwa kufuneka kuhambelane ne-GB/T 191 “Ukupakisha, ukugcina, kunye nokuThutha iPictorial Marking.” Iimpawu ezimelana nokufuma kunye nokutshaqeka kufuneka zincamathiselwe, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe amanqanaba amathathu okukhusela: ① Faka ioyile yokulwa nomhlwa kwiindawo ezidibanayo; ② Songa nge-EPE foam; ③ Zikhusele ngepallet yomthi, kwaye ufake ii-anti-slip pads ezantsi kwepallet ukuthintela intshukumo ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Kwizinto ezihlanganisiweyo, kufuneka zipakishwe ngokwendlela yokulandelelana kweenombolo zedayagram yokuhlanganisa ukuze kuthintelwe ukudideka ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa kwindawo.
Iindlela Ezisebenzayo Zokulawula Umahluko Wemibala: Izinto zebhloko zikhethwa kusetyenziswa "indlela yokutshiza amanzi enamacala amathandathu." Isitshizi samanzi esizinikeleyo sitshiza amanzi ngokulinganayo kumphezulu webhloko. Emva kokomisa ngoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, ibhloko iyahlolwa ukuba ayifumani iinkozo, imibala, ukungcola, kunye nezinye iziphene ngelixa isomile kancinci. Le ndlela ichonga ngokuchanekileyo umahluko wemibala efihlakeleyo kunokujonga okubonakalayo kwendabuko.
2. Uvavanyo lweSayensi lweePropati eziPhilayo
Uvavanyo lwesayensi lweempawu zomzimba luyinxalenye ephambili yolawulo lomgangatho we-granite component. Ngovavanyo olucwangcisiweyo lwezalathisi eziphambili ezifana nokuqina, uxinano, uzinzo lobushushu, kunye nokumelana nokuwohloka, singavavanya ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zezixhobo kunye nokuthembeka kwenkonzo yexesha elide. Oku kulandelayo kuchaza iindlela zovavanyo lwesayensi kunye neemfuno zobugcisa kwiimbono ezine.
Uvavanyo loBulukhuni
Ukuqina luluphawu oluphambili lokumelana kwegranite ekugugulekeni nasekukrweleni koomatshini, nto leyo echaza ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo yecandelo. Ukuqina kweMohs kubonisa ukumelana komphezulu wento xa ikrwela, ngelixa ubunzima beShore buchaza iimpawu zayo zobunzima phantsi kwemithwalo enamandla. Xa zizonke, zakha isiseko sokuvavanya ukumelana nokuguguleka.
Izixhobo zoVavanyo: Mohs Hardness Tester (Scratch Method), Shore Hardness Tester (Rebound Method)
Umgangatho wokusetyenziswa: GB/T 20428-2006 “Iindlela zoVavanyo lweLitye leNdalo – Uvavanyo loBulukhuni boLwandle”
Umda woKwamkelwa: Ubunzima beMohs ≥ 6, Ubunzima beShore ≥ HS70
Ingcaciso yoNxibelelwano: Ixabiso lokuqina lihambelana kakuhle nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ubunzima be-Mohs obuyi-6 okanye ngaphezulu buqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu wecandelo awuxhathisi ukukrweleka ngenxa yokungqubana kwemihla ngemihla, ngelixa ubunzima be-Shore obuhlangabezana nomgangatho buqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo phantsi kwemithwalo yempembelelo. Uvavanyo loxinano kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi
Uxinano kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi zezona parameter ziphambili zokuvavanya ubuncinci begranite kunye nokumelana nokungena kwayo. Izinto ezinoxinano oluphezulu zihlala zinemibhobho ephantsi. Ukufunxwa kwamanzi okuncinci kuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukungena komswakama kunye nemidiya ebolileyo, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukuqina kwayo.
Izixhobo zovavanyo: Ibhalansi ye-elektroniki, i-oven yokomisa nge-vacuum, imitha yoxinano
Umgangatho wokusetyenziswa: GB/T 9966.3 “Iindlela zoVavanyo lweLitye leNdalo – Icandelo lesi-3: Ukufunxwa kwamanzi, Ubuninzi boMzimba, Ubuninzi boMzimba, kunye noVavanyo loBuninzi boMzimba”
Umda ofanelekileyo: Ubuninzi bobuninzi ≥ 2.55 g/cm³, ukufunxwa kwamanzi ≤ 0.6%
Impembelelo Yokuqina: Xa uxinano luyi-≥ 2.55 g/cm³ kwaye amanzi efunxwa yi-≤ 0.6%, ukumelana kwelitye ne-freeze-thaw kunye netyuwa kuyanda kakhulu, kunciphisa umngcipheko weziphene ezinxulumene noko ezifana ne-carbonization yekhonkrithi kunye nokubola kwentsimbi.
Uvavanyo lozinzo lobushushu
Uvavanyo lozinzo lobushushu lulinganisa ukuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu ukuze kuvavanywe uzinzo olunemilinganiselo kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwezinto zegranite phantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu. I-coefficient yokwandisa ubushushu yi-metric ebalulekileyo yovavanyo. Izixhobo zovavanyo: Igumbi lokuBhayikha lobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi, i-Laser Interferometer
Indlela yoVavanyo: Imijikelo eli-10 yobushushu ukusuka kwi -40°C ukuya kwi-80°C, umjikelo ngamnye ubanjwa iiyure ezi-2
Isalathisi sesalathiso: I-Coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu elawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-5.5×10⁻⁶/K ± 0.5
Ukubaluleka koBugcisa: Le coefficient ithintela ukukhula kwe-microcrack ngenxa yokuqokelelwa koxinzelelo lobushushu kwiindawo ezivezwa kukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu bexesha lonyaka okanye ukuguquguquka kobushushu bemini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiindawo zokusebenza ngaphandle okanye kwiindawo zokusebenza ezinobushushu obuphezulu.
Uvavanyo lokuxhathisa iqhwa kunye netyuwa: Olu vavanyo lokuxhathisa iqhwa kunye netyuwa luvavanya ukuxhathisa kwelitye ekuwohlokeni okuvela kwimijikelo yokunyibilika komkhenkce kunye netyuwa, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwimimandla ebandayo kunye ne-saline-alkali. Uvavanyo lokuxhathisa iqhwa (EN 1469):
Imeko yeSampuli: Iisampulu zamatye ezigcwele amanzi
Inkqubo Yokuhamba Ngebhayisikile: Yiqandise kwi -15°C kangangeeyure ezi-4, uze uyinyibilikise emanzini angama-20°C kangangemijikelo engama-48, iyonke ibe yimijikelo engama-48
Iikhrayitheriya zokufaneleka: Ukulahleka kobunzima ≤ 0.5%, ukunciphisa amandla e-flexural ≤ 20%
Uvavanyo lweCristallization yeTyuwa (EN 12370):
Imeko Efanelekileyo: Ilitye elinemibhobho elinomlinganiselo wokufunxa amanzi ongaphezulu kwe-3%
Inkqubo yoVavanyo: Imijikelo eli-15 yokuntywiliselwa kwisisombululo se-Na₂SO₄ se-10% kulandele ukomiswa
Iikhrayitheriya zoVavanyo: Akukho kuqhekeka komphezulu okanye ukuqhekeka, akukho monakalo kwisakhiwo ngemicroscope
Icebo Lokudibanisa Uvavanyo: Kwiindawo ezibandayo eziselunxwemeni ezinenkungu yetyuwa, kufuneka uvavanyo lokunyibilikisa ityuwa. Kwiindawo ezomileyo zangaphakathi, luvavanyo lokumelana neqabaka kuphela olunokwenziwa, kodwa amatye anezinga lokufunxa amanzi elingaphezulu kwe-3% nawo kufuneka avavanywe ukwenziwa kwekristale yetyuwa.
3, Ukuthobela imithetho kunye neSatifikethi esisemgangathweni
Ukuthobela imithetho kunye nokuqinisekiswa okusemgangathweni kwezinto zegranite linyathelo eliphambili ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wemveliso, ukhuseleko, kunye nokufikelela kwimarike. Kufuneka ngaxeshanye zihlangabezane neemfuno ezinyanzelekileyo zasekhaya, imigaqo yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nemigangatho yenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho weshishini. Oku kulandelayo kuchaza ezi mfuno ngokwembono ezintathu: inkqubo yemigangatho yasekhaya, ukulungelelaniswa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kokhuseleko.
Inkqubo yeMigangatho yasekhaya
Ukuveliswa nokwamkelwa kwezinto zegranite eTshayina kufuneka kuhambelane ngokungqongqo nemigangatho emibini ephambili: GB/T 18601-2024 “Iibhodi Zokwakha zeGranite Zendalo” kunye ne-GB 6566 “Imida yeRadionuclides kwiZixhobo Zokwakha.” GB/T 18601-2024, umgangatho wamva nje wesizwe othatha indawo ye-GB/T 18601-2009, usebenza kwimveliso, ukusasazwa, kunye nokwamkelwa kweephaneli ezisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokuhombisa izakhiwo kusetyenziswa indlela yokuncamathelisa. Uhlaziyo oluphambili luquka:
Ukuhlelwa okusebenzayo okulungiselelweyo: Iintlobo zeemveliso zihlelwe ngokucacileyo ngokwemeko yesicelo, ukuhlelwa kweephaneli ezigobileyo kususiwe, kwaye ukuhambelana neendlela zokwakha kuphuculwe;
Iimfuneko zokusebenza eziphuculweyo: Izalathisi ezinje ngokuxhathisa iqabaka, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, kunye ne-anti-slip coefficient (≥0.5) zongeziwe, kwaye iindlela zokuhlalutya amatye kunye neeminerali zisusiwe, zigxile kakhulu ekusebenzeni kobunjineli obusebenzayo;
Iinkcukacha zovavanyo ezicociweyo: Abaphuhlisi, iinkampani zokwakha, kunye neearhente zovavanyo zinikwa iindlela zovavanyo ezihlangeneyo kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo.
Ngokuphathelele ukhuseleko lwe-radioactive, i-GB 6566 iyalela ukuba izinto zegranite zibe ne-internal radiation index (IRA) ≤ 1.0 kunye ne-external radiation index (Iγ) ≤ 1.3, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokwakha azibangeli zingozi ze-radioactive kwimpilo yabantu. Ukuhambelana neMigangatho yeHlabathi
Izinto zegranite ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yengingqi yemarike ekujoliswe kuyo. I-ASTM C1528/C1528M-20e1 kunye ne-EN 1469 zezona migangatho ziphambili kwiimarike zaseMntla Melika kunye ne-EU, ngokwahlukeneyo.
I-ASTM C1528/C1528M-20e1 (umgangatho we-American Society for Testing and Materials): Isebenza njengesikhokelo sokuvumelana kweshishini lokukhetha ilitye lobukhulu, ibhekisa kwimigangatho eliqela enxulumeneyo, kubandakanya i-ASTM C119 (Inkcazo eQhelekileyo yeLitye loBume) kunye ne-ASTM C170 (Uvavanyo lwaMandla aQinisekisiweyo). Oku kubonelela abakhi bezakhiwo kunye nabathengisi ngesakhelo sobugcisa esibanzi ukusuka ekukhetheni uyilo ukuya ekufakweni nasekuvunyweni, igxininisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwelitye kufuneka kuhambelane nemithetho yokwakha yasekuhlaleni.
I-EN 1469 (umgangatho we-EU): Kwiimveliso zamatye ezithunyelwa kwi-EU, lo mgangatho usebenza njengesiseko esinyanzelekileyo sokuqinisekiswa kwe-CE, ufuna iimveliso ziphawulwe ngokusisigxina ngenombolo esemgangathweni, umgangatho wokusebenza (umz., A1 kwimigangatho yangaphandle), ilizwe ezivela kulo, kunye nolwazi lomenzi. Uhlaziyo lwamva nje luqinisa ngakumbi uvavanyo lwepropathi ebonakalayo, kubandakanya amandla e-flexural ≥8MPa, amandla oxinzelelo ≥50MPa, kunye nokumelana neqabaka. Ikwafuna ukuba abavelisi baseke inkqubo yolawulo lwemveliso yomzi-mveliso (FPC) egubungela ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukujonga inkqubo yemveliso, kunye nokuhlolwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo.
Inkqubo yeSatifikethi soKhuseleko
Isatifikethi sokhuseleko lwezinto zegranite sahlulwe ngokusekwe kwimeko yesicelo, ngokuyintloko siquka isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lokuqhagamshelana nokutya kunye nesatifikethi senkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho.
Izicelo zokunxibelelana nokutya: Kufuneka isiqinisekiso se-FDA, sigxile ekuvavanyeni ukufuduka kweekhemikhali zelitye ngexesha lokudibana kokutya ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhululwa kweesinyithi ezinzima kunye nezinto eziyingozi kuyahlangabezana nemida yokhuseleko lokutya.
Ulawulo Lomgangatho Jikelele: Isiqinisekiso senkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho se-ISO 9001 siyimfuneko esisiseko kushishino. Iinkampani ezifana neJiaxiang Xulei Stone kunye neJinchao Stone zifikelele kwesi siqinisekiso, ziseka indlela epheleleyo yokulawula umgangatho ukusuka ekugubungeleni izinto ezirhabaxa ukuya ekwamkelweni kwemveliso egqityiweyo. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya amanyathelo okuhlola umgangatho angama-28 aphunyeziweyo kwiprojekthi yeCountry Garden, egubungela izalathisi eziphambili ezifana nokuchaneka kobukhulu, ukuthamba komphezulu, kunye nokusebenza kwemitha. Amaxwebhu okuqinisekisa kufuneka aquke iingxelo zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu (ezifana novavanyo lwemitha kunye novavanyo lwepropathi ebonakalayo) kunye neerekhodi zolawulo lwemveliso yefektri (ezifana neengxelo zokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-FPC kunye namaxwebhu okulandelela ukulandeleka kwezinto eziluhlaza), ukumisela uthotho olupheleleyo lokulandeleka komgangatho.
Amanqaku aPhambili okuThotyelwa kweMithetho
Iintengiso zasekhaya kufuneka ngaxeshanye zihlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza ze-GB/T 18601-2024 kunye nemida ye-radioactivity ye-GB 6566;
Iimveliso ezithunyelwa kwi-EU kufuneka zibe nesiqinisekiso se-EN 1469 kwaye zibe nophawu lwe-CE kunye novavanyo lokusebenza lwe-A1;
Iinkampani eziqinisekiswe yi-ISO 9001 kufuneka zigcine ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu yeerekhodi zolawulo lwemveliso kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ukuze zihlolwe ngokwemigaqo.
Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo esemgangathweni enamacala amaninzi, izinto zegranite zinokufikelela kulawulo lomgangatho kuyo yonke imigudu yazo yobomi, ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ekuhanjisweni, ngelixa zihlangabezana neemfuno zokuthobela imithetho yemarike yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe.
4. Ulawulo lweeMpawu zoKwamkelwa okuFanelekileyo
Ulawulo oluqhelekileyo loxwebhu lokwamkelwa luyindlela ephambili yokulawula ukuhanjiswa nokwamkelwa kwezinto zegranite. Ngenkqubo yoxwebhu olucwangcisiweyo, uthotho lokulandelela umgangatho lusekwe ukuqinisekisa ukulandelelwa kunye nokuthobela kulo lonke ixesha lobomi bezinto. Le nkqubo yolawulo ibandakanya ikakhulu iimodyuli ezintathu eziphambili: amaxwebhu okuqinisekisa umgangatho, uluhlu lokuthumela kunye nokupakisha, kunye neengxelo zokwamkelwa. Imodyuli nganye kufuneka ilandele ngokungqongqo imigangatho yesizwe kunye neenkcukacha zoshishino ukuze yenze inkqubo yolawulo oluvaliweyo.
Amaxwebhu eSatifikethi soMgangatho: Ukuthobela imithetho kunye nokuqinisekiswa okuGunyazisiweyo
Amaxwebhu okuqinisekisa umgangatho bubungqina obuphambili bokuthobela umgangatho wecandelo kwaye kufuneka agqibelele, achaneke, kwaye athobele imigangatho yomthetho. Uluhlu lwamaxwebhu aphambili luquka:
Isiqinisekiso seMpahla: Oku kuquka ulwazi olusisiseko olufana nemvelaphi yezinto ezirhabaxa, umhla wokwemba, kunye nokwakheka kweeminerali. Kufuneka ihambelane nenombolo yento ebonakalayo ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka. Ngaphambi kokuba izinto ezirhabaxa ziphume emgodini, kufuneka kugqitywe ukuhlolwa kwemigodi, kubhalwe ulandelelwano lwemigodi kunye nemeko yomgangatho wokuqala ukuze kubonelelwe ngomgangatho wokusebenza olandelayo. Iingxelo zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu kufuneka zibandakanye iimpawu zomzimba (ezifana noxinano kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi), iimpawu zoomatshini (amandla oxinzelelo kunye namandla okuguquguquka), kunye novavanyo lwe-radioactivity. Umbutho wovavanyo kufuneka ube ne-CMA-qualified (umz., umbutho ohloniphekileyo njengeBeijing Inspection and Quarantine Institute). Inombolo yovavanyo esemgangathweni kufuneka iboniswe ngokucacileyo kwingxelo, umzekelo, iziphumo zovavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo kwi-GB/T 9966.1, “Iindlela zoVavanyo lweLitye leNdalo – Icandelo 1: Uvavanyo lwaMandla oxinzelelo emva kokomiswa, ukugcwala kwamanzi, kunye nemijikelo yokuqandisa.” Uvavanyo lwe-radioactivity kufuneka luhambelane neemfuno ze-GB 6566, “Imida yeRadionuclides kwiZixhobo zokwakha.”
Amaxwebhu eSatifikethi esiKhethekileyo: Iimveliso ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka zibonelele ngamaxwebhu okumakisha i-CE, kuquka ingxelo yovavanyo kunye neSibhengezo sokuSebenza somenzi (i-DoP) esikhutshwe liqumrhu elinolwazi. Iimveliso ezibandakanya iNkqubo 3 kufuneka zingenise nesatifikethi soLawulo lweMveliso yoMzi-mveliso (i-FPC) ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zobugcisa zeemveliso zelitye lendalo kwimigangatho ye-EU efana ne-EN 1469.
Iimfuno eziphambili: Onke amaxwebhu kufuneka afakwe isitampu ngesitywino esisemthethweni kunye nesitywino esiphakathi kombutho wovavanyo. Iikopi maziphawulwe ngokuthi “zifana nowokuqala” kwaye zisayinwe kwaye ziqinisekiswe ngumthengisi. Ixesha lokusebenza koxwebhu kufuneka lidlule umhla wokuthunyelwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukusebenzisa idatha yovavanyo ephelelwe lixesha. Uluhlu Lokuthunyelwa kunye noLuhlu Lokupakisha: Ulawulo Oluchanekileyo Lwezothutho
Uluhlu lokuthunyelwa kunye noluhlu lokupakisha zizithuthi eziphambili ezidibanisa iimfuno zeodolo kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokoqobo, ezifuna indlela yokuqinisekisa yamanqanaba amathathu ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuhanjiswa. Inkqubo ethile ibandakanya:
Inkqubo Yokuchonga Eyodwa: Icandelo ngalinye kufuneka libhalwe ngokusisigxina ngesazisi esahlukileyo, nokuba yikhowudi ye-QR okanye ibhakhowudi (kucetyiswa ukuba kugrunjwe nge-laser ukuthintela ukuguguleka). Esi sichazi siquka ulwazi olufana nomzekelo wecandelo, inombolo yeodolo, ibhetshi yokucubungula, kunye nomhloli womgangatho. Kwinqanaba lezinto ezirhabaxa, izixhobo kufuneka zibhalwe ngokwendlela eziye zagrunjwa ngayo kwaye ziphawulwe ngepeyinti engahlambiyo kuzo zombini iziphelo. Iinkqubo zokuthutha kunye nokulayisha kunye nokukhulula kufuneka zenziwe ngendlela eziye zagrunjwa ngayo ukuthintela ukudibana kwezinto.
Inkqubo yoQinisekiso lweNqanaba eliThathu: Inqanaba lokuqala lokuqinisekisa (iodolo vs. uluhlu) liqinisekisa ukuba ikhowudi yezinto, iinkcukacha, kunye nobungakanani kuluhlu ziyahambelana nesivumelwano sokuthenga; inqanaba lesibini lokuqinisekisa (uluhlu vs. ukupakisha) liqinisekisa ukuba ileyibhile yebhokisi yokupakisha ihambelana nesazisi esahlukileyo kuluhlu; kwaye inqanaba lesithathu lokuqinisekisa (ukupakisha vs. imveliso yokwenyani) lifuna ukukhupha nokujonga indawo, ukuthelekisa iiparameter zemveliso yokwenyani kunye nedatha yoluhlu ngokuskena ikhowudi/ibhakhowudi ye-QR. Iinkcukacha zokupakisha kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno zokumakisha, ukupakisha, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-GB/T 18601-2024, “Iibhodi zoKwakha zeGranite zeNdalo.” Qinisekisa ukuba amandla ezinto zokupakisha afanelekile kubunzima becandelo kwaye uthintele umonakalo kwiikona ngexesha lokuthuthwa.
Ingxelo yoKwamkelwa: Ukuqinisekiswa kweziphumo kunye nokucaciswa kwemisebenzi
Ingxelo yokwamkelwa luxwebhu lokugqibela lwenkqubo yokwamkelwa. Kufuneka ibhale phantsi ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yovavanyo kunye neziphumo, ihlangabezana neemfuno zokulandeleka kwenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho we-ISO 9001. Okuqulathwe yingxelo ephambili kuquka:
Irekhodi yeDatha yoVavanyo: Amaxabiso ovavanyo oluneenkcukacha zepropathi yomzimba neye-mechanical (umz., impazamo yokuthamba ≤ 0.02 mm/m, ubunzima ≥ 80 HSD), ukuphambuka kobukhulu bejometri (ukunyamezela ubude/ububanzi/ubude ± 0.5 mm), kunye neetshathi eziqhotyoshelweyo zedatha yokulinganisa yokuqala evela kwizixhobo ezichanekileyo ezifana nee-laser interferometers kunye neemitha ze-gloss (kucetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe iindawo ezintathu zedesimali). Indawo yokuvavanya kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo, ngobushushu obuyi-20 ± 2°C kunye nomswakama obuyi-40%-60% ukuthintela izinto ezingqongileyo ukuba zingaphazamisi ukuchaneka kokulinganisa. Ukuphathwa kokungahambelani: Kwizinto ezidlula iimfuno ezisemgangathweni (umz., ubunzulu bokukrwela umphezulu >0.2mm), indawo yesiphene kunye nobubanzi kufuneka kuchazwe ngokucacileyo, kunye nesicwangciso sesenzo esifanelekileyo (ukuphinda usetyenzwe, ukwehlisa umgangatho, okanye ukukrazula). Umthengisi kufuneka angenise isibophelelo esibhaliweyo sokulungisa zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-48.
Utyikityo kunye noGcino-zincwadi: Ingxelo mayisayinwe kwaye igximfizwe ngabameli bokwamkelwa bomthengisi kunye nomthengi, ibonise ngokucacileyo umhla wokwamkelwa kunye nesiphelo (esifanelekileyo/esilindileyo/esilahliweyo). Kwakhona kwi-archive kufuneka kufakwe izatifikethi zokulinganisa izixhobo zovavanyo (umz., ingxelo yokuchaneka kwesixhobo sokulinganisa phantsi kwe-JJG 117-2013 “Granite Slab Calibration Specification”) kunye neerekhodi “zohlolo ezintathu” (ukuzihlola, ukuhlolwa okuhlangeneyo, kunye nokuhlolwa okukhethekileyo) ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha, okwenza irekhodi epheleleyo yomgangatho.
Ukulandeleka: Inombolo yengxelo kufuneka isebenzise ifomathi ethi “ikhowudi yeprojekthi + unyaka + inombolo yeserial” kwaye idityaniswe nesazisi esahlukileyo secandelo. Ukulandeleka kweendlela ezimbini phakathi kwamaxwebhu e-elektroniki nalawo abonakalayo kufezekiswa ngenkqubo ye-ERP, kwaye ingxelo kufuneka igcinwe ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu (okanye ngaphezulu njengoko kuvunyelwene kwisivumelwano). Ngolawulo oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yexwebhu ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, umgangatho wenkqubo yonke yezixhobo zegranite ukusuka kwizixhobo eziluhlaza ukuya ekuhanjisweni unokulawulwa, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yedatha ethembekileyo yokufakela okulandelayo, ukwakhiwa kunye nokugcinwa emva kokuthengisa.
5. Isicwangciso soThutho kunye noLawulo loMngcipheko
Izinto zegranite zibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukuchaneka okungqongqo, ngoko ke ukuthuthwa kwazo kufuna uyilo olucwangcisiweyo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lomngcipheko. Ngokudibanisa iindlela zokusebenza kunye nemigangatho yoshishino, isicwangciso sothutho kufuneka silungelelaniswe kwiinkalo ezintathu: ukulungelelaniswa kwendlela yothutho, ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokukhusela, kunye neendlela zokudlulisa umngcipheko, ukuqinisekisa ulawulo lomgangatho oluhambelanayo ukusuka ekuhanjisweni kwefektri ukuya ekwamkelweni.
Ukukhethwa Okusekelwe Kwimeko Nokuqinisekiswa Kwangaphambili Kweendlela Zothutho
Amalungiselelo ezothutho kufuneka aphuculwe ngokusekelwe kumgama, iimpawu zecandelo, kunye neemfuno zeprojekthi. Kwizothutho zomgama omfutshane (ngesiqhelo ≤300 km), uthutho lwendlela luyathandwa, njengoko ukuguquguquka kwalo kuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwindlu ngendlu kwaye kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezothutho. Kwizothutho zomgama omde (>300 km), uthutho lwesitimela luyathandwa, lusebenzisa uzinzo lwalo ukunciphisa impembelelo yoxinzelelo lomgama omde. Kwizothutho zokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla enkulu kubalulekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yempahla yamazwe ngamazwe. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela esetyenzisiweyo, uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokupakisha kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphambi kokuthutha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesisombululo sokupakisha, ukulinganisa impembelelo ye-30 km/h ukuqinisekisa umonakalo wesakhiwo kwizixhobo. Ucwangciso lwendlela kufuneka lusebenzise inkqubo ye-GIS ukuphepha iindawo ezintathu ezinomngcipheko ophezulu: iigophe eziqhubekayo ezinamathambeka angaphezu kwe-8°, iindawo ezingazinzanga ngokwejoloji ezinobunzima benyikima yembali ≥6, kunye neendawo ezinerekhodi yeziganeko zemozulu embi kakhulu (ezifana neenkanyamba kunye nekhephu elikhulu) kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo. Oku kunciphisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo zangaphandle kwindawo yomthombo wendlela.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba nangona i-GB/T 18601-2024 inika iimfuno eziqhelekileyo "zokuthutha nokugcina" ii-granite slabs, ayichazi izicwangciso zothutho ezineenkcukacha. Ke ngoko, ekusebenzeni ngokwenene, iinkcukacha zobugcisa ezongezelelweyo kufuneka zongezwe ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lokuchaneka kwecandelo. Umzekelo, kwiiplatifomu zegranite ezichanekileyo kakhulu zeClass 000, ukuguquguquka kobushushu kunye nokufuma kufuneka kujongwe kulo lonke uthutho (kunye noluhlu lolawulo lwe-20±2°C kunye nokufuma kwe-50%±5%) ukuthintela utshintsho lokusingqongileyo ekukhupheni uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwaye kubangele ukuphambuka kokuchaneka.
Inkqubo yoKhuselo oluneZintlu ezintathu kunye neenkcukacha zokusebenza
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zomzimba zezixhobo zegranite, amanyathelo okukhusela kufuneka aquke indlela yokwahlulahlula i-buffering-fixing" enamaleko amathathu, enamathela ngokungqongqo kumgangatho wokukhusela i-ASTM C1528. Umaleko wangaphakathi okhuselayo ugqunywe ngokupheleleyo nge-20 mm ubukhulu be-pearl foam, ugxile ekujikelezeni iikona zezixhobo ukuthintela iindawo ezibukhali ukuba zingagqobhozi ipakeji engaphandle. Umaleko okhuselayo ophakathi uzaliswe ngamabhodi e-foam e-EPS anobunzima obuyi-≥30 kg/m³, afunxa amandla okushukuma kothutho ngokuguquguquka. Umsantsa phakathi kwe-foam kunye nomphezulu wecandelo kufuneka ulawulwe ukuya kwi-≤5 mm ukuthintela ukufuduka kunye nokungqubana ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Umaleko wangaphandle okhuselayo uqiniswe ngesakhelo sokhuni esiqinileyo (ngcono ipayini okanye i-fir) esinomgca onqamlezileyo ongaphantsi kwe-50 mm × 80 mm. Iibrakethi zesinyithi kunye neebholithi ziqinisekisa ukuqina okuqinileyo ukuthintela intshukumo ehambelanayo yezixhobo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo.
Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza, umgaqo "wokuphatha ngononophelo" kufuneka ulandelwe ngokungqongqo. Izixhobo zokulayisha nokukhupha kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngemiqamelo yerabha, inani lezinto eziphakanyiswayo ngexesha elinye akufuneki lidlule ezimbini, kwaye ukuphakama kwe-stacking kufuneka kube yi-≤1.5 m ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo olunzima olunokubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-microcracks kwizixhobo. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ziphathwa ngokhuseleko lomphezulu ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa: zitshizwa nge-arhente yokukhusela ye-silane (ubunzulu bokungena ≥2 mm) kwaye zigqunywe ngefilimu yokukhusela ye-PE ukuthintela ukukhukuliseka kweoyile, uthuli, kunye namanzi emvula ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Ukukhusela Amanqaku Olawulo Aphambili
Ukhuseleko lweKona: Zonke iindawo ezinekona yasekunene mazifakelwe izikhuseli zeekona zerabha ezinobukhulu obuyi-5mm kwaye ziqiniswe ngeentambo ze-nylon.
Amandla eSakhelo: Iifreyimu zomthi kufuneka ziphumelele uvavanyo loxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo oluphindwe ka-1.2 kunomthwalo olinganisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuguquka.
Ukuphawula Ubushushu Nokufuma: Ikhadi elibonisa ubushushu nokufuma (ububanzi obuphakathi kwe-20°C ukuya kwi-60°C, i-0% ukuya kwi-100% RH) kufuneka lincamathiselwe ngaphandle kwephakheji ukuze kujongwe utshintsho lokusingqongileyo ngexesha langempela.
Indlela Yokudlulisa Umngcipheko kunye Nokubeka Iliso Kwinkqubo Epheleleyo
Ukujongana neengozi ezingalindelekanga, kuyimfuneko inkqubo yokuthintela umngcipheko kunye nokulawula kabini edibanisa "inshorensi + ukujonga". I-inshorensi epheleleyo yokuthutha kufuneka ikhethwe ngesixa sokugubungela esingaphantsi kwe-110% yexabiso lokwenyani lomthwalo. Ukhuseleko oluphambili luquka: umonakalo womzimba obangelwe kukungqubana okanye ukuguqa kwesithuthi sothutho; umonakalo wamanzi obangelwe yimvula enkulu okanye izikhukula; iingozi ezifana nomlilo kunye nokuqhuma ngexesha lokuthuthwa; kunye nokuwa ngengozi ngexesha lokulayisha nokukhulula impahla. Kwizinto ezichanekileyo zexabiso eliphezulu (ezixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-500,000 yuan ngeseti nganye), sicebisa ukuba kongezwe iinkonzo zokujonga uthutho lwe-SGS. Le nkonzo isebenzisa indawo ye-GPS yexesha langempela (ukuchaneka ≤ 10 m) kunye neenzwa zobushushu kunye nokufuma (isithuba sokuvavanya idatha imizuzu eli-15) ukwenza ileja ye-elektroniki. Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zivuselela ngokuzenzekelayo izilumkiso, zivumela ukulandeleka okubonakalayo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthutha.
Inkqubo yokuhlola kunye noxanduva olunemigangatho kufuneka imiselwe kwinqanaba lolawulo: Ngaphambi kokuthutha, isebe lokuhlola umgangatho liza kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokupakisha kwaye lisayine "Inqaku Lokukhululwa Kwezothutho." Ngexesha lokuthuthwa, abasebenzi abaphetheyo baya kuqhuba uhlolo olubonakalayo rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbini baze barekhode uhlolo. Xa befika, umntu ofumana impahla kufuneka akhuphe ngokukhawuleza aze ahlole iimpahla. Nawuphi na umonakalo ofana nokuqhekeka okanye iikona eziqhekekileyo kufuneka ungavunyelwa, kususwe ingqondo ethi "sebenzisa kuqala, ulungise kamva". Ngenkqubo yokuthintela nokulawula enamacala amathathu edibanisa "ukhuseleko lobuchwephesha + ukudluliselwa kwe-inshurensi + uxanduva lolawulo," izinga lomonakalo wempahla yokuthutha linokugcinwa lingaphantsi kwe-0.3%, liphantsi kakhulu kunomyinge weshishini we-1.2%. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugxininisa ukuba umgaqo oyintloko "wokuthintela ngokungqongqo ukungqubana" kufuneka ulandelwe kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthuthwa kunye nokulayisha kunye nokukhulula impahla. Zombini iibhloko ezirhabaxa kunye nezinto ezigqityiweyo kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo ngokwesigaba kunye neenkcukacha, ukuphakama kwenqwaba kungabi ngaphezu kweeleyara ezintathu. Ukwahlula ngomthi kufuneka kusetyenziswe phakathi kweeleya ukuthintela ungcoliseko oluvela ekungqubaneni. Le mfuneko ihambelana nemigaqo emiselweyo "yokuthutha nokugcina" kwi-GB/T 18601-2024, kwaye xa zidibene zakha isiseko sokuqinisekiswa komgangatho kwi-logistics yezinto zegranite.
6. Isishwankathelo sokubaluleka kweNkqubo yoKwamkelwa
Ukuhanjiswa nokwamkelwa kwezinto zegranite linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho weprojekthi. Njengomgca wokuqala wokhuselo kulawulo lomgangatho weprojekthi yokwakha, uvavanyo lwayo olunemilinganiselo emininzi kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lweprojekthi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokufikelela kwimarike. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho ecwangcisiweyo kufuneka isekwe kwiinkalo ezintathu zobuchwepheshe, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye noqoqosho.
Inqanaba loBugcisa: Uqinisekiso oluBini lokuChaneka kunye nokuKhangela
Eyona nto iphambili kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha ikukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokuchaneka koyilo ngolawulo oludibeneyo lokuvumelana kwembonakalo kunye novavanyo lwesalathiso sokusebenza. Ulawulo lwembonakalo kufuneka luphunyezwe kuyo yonke inkqubo, ukusuka kwizinto ezirhabaxa ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo. Umzekelo, indlela yokulawula umahluko wemibala "yokukhetha ezimbini zezinto ezirhabaxa, ukhetho olunye lwezinto zepleyiti, kunye nokukhetha okune kokubekwa kwepleyiti kunye nokubhala amanani" iyasebenza, idibene neworkshop yoyilo engenakukhanya ukuze kufezekiswe utshintsho lwendalo phakathi kombala kunye nepateni, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka kokwakhiwa okubangelwa kukungafani kombala. (Umzekelo, iprojekthi enye yalibaziseka phantse iiveki ezimbini ngenxa yokulawulwa kokungafani kombala okunganelanga.) Uvavanyo lokusebenza lugxile kwizalathisi zomzimba kunye nokuchaneka komatshini. Umzekelo, oomatshini bokugaya nokupolisha abazenzekelayo beBRETON basetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuphambuka kokuthamba ukuya kwi-<0.2mm, ngelixa oomatshini bokusika iibhulorho ze-infrared electronic baqinisekisa ukuphambuka kobude nobubanzi ukuya kwi-<0.5mm. Ubunjineli bokuchaneka bufuna nokunyamezela ukuthamba okungqongqo kwe-≤0.02mm/m, okufuna ukuqinisekiswa okuneenkcukacha kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neemitha ze-gloss kunye nee-caliper ze-vernier.
Ukuthobela imithetho: Imida yokufikelela kwiMarike yeSiqinisekiso esiQhelekileyo
Ukuthobela imithetho kubalulekile ukuze imveliso ingene kwiimarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo efuna ukuthotyelwa ngaxeshanye kwemigangatho efunekayo yasekhaya kunye neenkqubo zesatifikethi samazwe ngamazwe. Ekhaya, ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno ze-GB/T 18601-2024 zamandla okuxinwa kunye namandla okugoba kubalulekile. Umzekelo, kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo okanye kwiindawo ezibandayo, kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lokumelana nengqele kunye namandla ebhondi yesamente. Kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, isatifikethi se-CE siyimfuneko ephambili yokuthumela ngaphandle kwi-EU kwaye sifuna ukuphumelela uvavanyo lwe-EN 1469. Inkqubo yomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe ye-ISO 9001, ngokusebenzisa "inkqubo yayo yokuzihlola kathathu" (ukuzihlola ngokwakho, ukuhlolwa okuhlangeneyo, kunye nokuhlolwa okukhethekileyo) kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo, kuqinisekisa uxanduva olupheleleyo lomgangatho ukusuka ekuthengweni kwezinto eziluhlaza ukuya ekuthunyelweni kwemveliso egqityiweyo. Umzekelo, uJiaxiang Xulei Stone ufikelele kwinqanaba eliphambili kushishino lokufaneleka kwemveliso ye-99.8% kunye nezinga lokwaneliseka kwabathengi le-98.6% ngale nkqubo.
Umba Wezoqoqosho: Ukulinganisela Ulawulo Lweendleko Neenzuzo Zexesha Elide
Ixabiso lezoqoqosho lenkqubo yokwamkela likwiingenelo zayo ezimbini zokunciphisa umngcipheko wexesha elifutshane kunye nokuphucula iindleko zexesha elide. Idatha ibonisa ukuba iindleko zokuphinda zisebenze ngenxa yokwamkelwa okunganelisiyo zinokubalelwa kwi-15% yeendleko zeprojekthi iyonke, ngelixa iindleko zokulungisa ezilandelayo ngenxa yemicimbi efana nokuqhekeka okungabonakaliyo kunye nokutshintsha kombala zinokuba phezulu nangakumbi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukwamkelwa okungqongqo kunokunciphisa iindleko zokugcina ezilandelayo ngama-30% kwaye kuthintele ukulibaziseka kweprojekthi okubangelwa ziziphene zezinto ezibonakalayo. (Umzekelo, kwenye iprojekthi, ukuqhekeka okubangelwe kukwamkelwa ngokungakhathali kubangele ukuba iindleko zokulungisa zidlule uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokuqala nge-2 yezigidi zeeyuan.) Inkampani yezinto ezenziwe ngamatye ifumene izinga lokwamkelwa kweprojekthi eli-100% "ngenkqubo yokuhlola umgangatho yamanqanaba amathandathu," okubangele izinga lokuthengwa kwakhona kwabathengi eli-92.3%, okubonisa impembelelo ethe ngqo yolawulo lomgangatho kukhuphiswano lwemarike.
Umgaqo-siseko: Inkqubo yokwamkela kufuneka isebenzise ifilosofi ye-ISO 9001 "yokuphucula okuqhubekayo". Kucetyiswa indlela "yokwamkela-ukuphucula-impendulo" evaliweyo. Idatha ephambili efana nolawulo lomahluko wombala kunye nokuphambuka kokutyibilika kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ngekota ukuze kuphuculwe imigangatho yokukhetha kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola. Uhlalutyo lwesizathu kufuneka lwenziwe kwiimeko zokuphinda kusetyenzwe, kwaye "Iinkcazo zoLawulo lweMveliso ezingahambelaniyo" kufuneka zihlaziywe. Umzekelo, ngophononongo lwedatha lwekota, enye inkampani yanciphisa izinga lokwamkelwa kwenkqubo yokugaya nokupolisha ukusuka kwi-3.2% ukuya kwi-0.8%, isindisa ngaphezulu kwe-5 yezigidi zeeyuan kwiindleko zokugcinwa ngonyaka.
Ngokusebenzisana kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye noqoqosho, ukwamkelwa kokunikezelwa kwezinto zegranite akusiyo nje indawo yokujonga ulawulo lomgangatho kodwa ikwalinyathelo elicwangcisiweyo lokukhuthaza ukubekwa emgangathweni kweshishini kunye nokuphucula ukhuphiswano lweenkampani. Kuphela ngokuhlanganisa inkqubo yokwamkelwa kwinkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho wecandelo lonke leshishini apho ukuhlanganiswa komgangatho weprojekthi, ukufikelela kwimarike, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho kungenziwa khona.
Ixesha leposi: Septemba-15-2025