Kwinqanaba lokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuchanekileyo, i-granite, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo ezibangelwa lutshintsho lwejoloji kwiminyaka engamakhulu ezigidi, itshintshe ukusuka kwilitye lendalo elingaqhelekanga yaba "sisixhobo esichanekileyo" seshishini lanamhlanje. Kule mihla, amasimi okusetyenziswa kokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuchanekileyo kwe-granite ayanda rhoqo, kwaye idlala indima engenakutshintshwa kumashishini ahlukeneyo aphambili ngokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo.
I. Ukwenziwa kweeSemiconductor: Ukwakha "iNqaba Eqinileyo" yeChip Precision
Kwishishini le-semiconductor, ukuchaneka kokwenziwa kweetships kufikelele kwinqanaba le-nanometer, kwaye iimfuno zokuzinza nokuchaneka kwezixhobo zemveliso zingqongqo kakhulu. Iimveliso ezenziwe ngokuchanekileyo nge-granite ziye zaba zizinto eziphambili zezixhobo ze-semiconductor. Njenge "ntliziyo" yokwenziwa kweetships, umatshini we-lithography uneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuzinza kweqonga lawo lokubeka i-nano-scale kwisiseko. I-Granite ine-coefficient ephantsi kakhulu yokwandiswa kobushushu, malunga ne-4.61×10⁻⁶/℃, enokumelana ngempumelelo nokuguquguquka okuncinci kubushushu bendalo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-photolithography. Nokuba ubushushu kwindawo yokusebenzela yemveliso butshintsha nge-1℃, ukuguquguquka kwesiseko se-granite akunamsebenzi, kuqinisekisa ukuba i-laser yomatshini we-photolithography inokujoliswa ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kukrolwe iipateni zesekethe ezincinci kwi-wafer.
Kwinqanaba lokuhlolwa kwe-wafer, imodyuli yesalathiso eyenziwe nge-granite nayo ayibalulekanga. Nokuba sisiphene esincinci kumphezulu we-wafer sinokukhokelela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwe-chip. Nangona kunjalo, imodyuli yesalathiso ye-granite, enobuthebelele bayo obuphezulu kakhulu kunye nozinzo, inika umgangatho ochanekileyo wesalathiso kwizixhobo zokuhlola. Iqonga le-granite elenziwe yitekhnoloji ye-nano-grinding ye-axis ezintlanu linokufikelela kubude obuyi-≤1μm/㎡, okuvumela isixhobo sokufumanisa ukubamba ngokuchanekileyo iziphene ezincinci kumphezulu we-wafer kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwee-chips.
Ii. I-Aerospace: "Iqabane Elithembekileyo" leeNqwelo-moya ezikhaphayo
Intsimi yeenqwelo-moya ineemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu zokuthembeka nokuchaneka kwezixhobo. Iimveliso zokwenza i-granite ngokuchanekileyo zidlale indima ebalulekileyo kwiibhentshi zovavanyo lokuhamba ngesathelayithi kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola iinxalenye zeenqwelo-moya. Iisathelayithi zisebenza esibhakabhakeni kwaye kufuneka zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zokuhamba nge-inertial ngokuchanekileyo ukuze zichonge iindawo zazo kunye nesimo sazo sengqondo. Ibhentshi yovavanyo lokuhamba nge-inertial eyenziwe nge-granite, enobunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye namandla, inokumelana novavanyo olunzima kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zoomatshini. Ngexesha lenkqubo yovavanyo elilinganisa amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo kunye nokungcangcazela okukhulu esibhakabhakeni, ibhentshi yovavanyo lwe-granite yahlala izinzile kuyo yonke indawo, inika isiseko esiqinileyo sokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwenkqubo yokuhamba nge-inertial.
Izixhobo zokuhlola igranite nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlolweni kwezixhobo zeenqwelo-moya. Ukuchaneka okulinganayo kwezixhobo zeenqwelo-moya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwenqwelo-moya iyonke. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza kwesixhobo sokuhlola igranite kunokuqinisekisa ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kobukhulu kunye nemilo yezixhobo. Ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi oluxineneyo kunye nezinto ezifanayo zithintela iimpazamo zokufumanisa ezibangelwa kukuguquka kwezixhobo ngokwazo, ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa okuthe tye kunye nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwenqwelo-moya.
Iii. Uphando lwezonyango: "Ilitye lembombo elizinzileyo" lezonyango oluchanekileyo
Kwicandelo lophando lwezonyango, izixhobo ezinkulu zonyango ezifana ne-CT kunye ne-MRI zinemfuneko ephezulu kakhulu yokuzinza kwesiseko. Xa izigulana ziphononongwa ngokuskena, nokuba ukungcangcazela okuncinci kwesixhobo kunokuchaphazela ukucaca nokuchaneka kwemifanekiso. Isiseko sesixhobo esenziwe ngokuchanekileyo nge-granite, kunye nokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kokufunxa ukungcangcazela, sinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kokungcangcazela okuveliswa ngexesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo. Ukungqubana okubuthathaka phakathi kwamasuntswana eeminerali ngaphakathi kusebenza njenge-shock absorber yendalo, iguqula amandla okungcangcazela aveliswa ngexesha lokusebenza kwesixhobo abe ngamandla obushushu kwaye ayitshabalalise, ngaloo ndlela igcina isixhobo sizinzile ngexesha lokusebenza.
Kwicandelo lokufumanisa izinto eziphilayo, inqanaba legranite linika inkxaso ezinzileyo yokufumanisa iisampulu zovavanyo. Ukufunyanwa kwesampulu zezinto eziphilayo kudla ngokufuna ukwenziwa phantsi kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo, kwaye iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zibekwe kwindawo ethe tyaba kunye nokuzinza kwenqanaba. Umphezulu ochanekileyo wenqanaba legranite unokuqinisekisa ukuba isampuli ihlala ikwindawo esisigxina ngexesha lenkqubo yokufumanisa, kuthintelwe ukuphambuka kwiziphumo zokufumanisa ezibangelwa kukungalingani okanye ukushukuma kwenqanaba, kubonelele ngenkxaso yedatha ethembekileyo yophando lwezonyango kunye nokuxilongwa kwezifo.
Iv. Ukwenziwa koBukrelekrele: "Isixhobo Esiyimfihlo" Sokuphucula Ukuchaneka Kokwenziwa Koomatshini
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwemveliso ekrelekrele, iirobhothi zoshishino kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola ezenzekelayo zinemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka. Isiseko sokulinganisa esenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kwi-granite sibe sisitshixo sokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo iirobhothi zoshishino. Emva kokusebenza ixesha elide, ukuchaneka kokubekwa kwengalo yoomatshini yeerobhothi zoshishino kuya kuphambuka, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Isiseko sokulinganisa i-granite, ngokuchaneka kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokuzinza, sinika isalathiso esichanekileyo sokulinganisa iirobhothi. Ngokuthelekisa nesiseko sokulinganisa i-granite, iingcali zinokubona ngokukhawuleza impazamo yokuchaneka kwerobhothi kwaye zenze uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba irobhothi inokugqiba imisebenzi yemveliso echanekileyo ngokwenkqubo emiselweyo.
Kwinkqubo yokuhlola ezenzekelayo, izinto zegranite nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Izixhobo zokuhlola ezizenzekelayo kufuneka zenze uhlolo olukhawulezileyo noluchanekileyo kwiimveliso, nto leyo efuna ukuba zonke izinto zezixhobo zibe nozinzo oluphezulu kakhulu. Ukongezwa kwezinto zegranite kuye kwaphucula ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokuhlola ezenzekelayo, okwenza ukuba ikwazi ukugcina uzinzo ngexesha lokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, ichonge ngokuchanekileyo iziphene kunye neempazamo zemveliso, kwaye iphucule umgangatho wolawulo lweemveliso.
Ukususela kwimveliso yeetshiphusi ezincinci ze-semiconductor ukuya kwintsimi enkulu yeenqwelo-moya, kuze kube kuphando lwezonyango olunxulumene nempilo yabantu kunye nemveliso ekrelekrele ekhulayo, imveliso yobuchule begranite ikhanya kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngobuhle bayo obukhethekileyo kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, amacandelo okusetyenziswa kwemveliso yobuchule begranite aya kuqhubeka nokukhula, enegalelo elingakumbi ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso olusemgangathweni lweshishini lemveliso lehlabathi.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-19-2025