Kwicandelo lokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo koomatshini, ukuzinza nokuchaneka kwezixhobo zezona zinto ziphambili ezimisela umgangatho weemveliso. Ukususela ekuvelisweni kwezinto kwinqanaba le-micrometer ukuya ekucutshungulweni ngokuchanekileyo kwinqanaba le-nanometer, nayiphi na impazamo encinci inokukhokelela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwemveliso okanye ekukrazuleni. Iimveliso ze-granite, ezineempawu zazo ezibonakalayo kunye neenzuzo zobugcisa, ziye zaba sisitshixo sokuphucula ukuzinza nokuchaneka kwezixhobo kwaye ziye zaba yinto ebalulekileyo neyimfuneko kwishishini lokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo koomatshini.
Iingenelo zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo zeemveliso zegranite
I-Granite lilitye lendalo elenziwe ngeenkqubo zejoloji zexesha elide. Iikristale zayo zangaphakathi zezimbiwa zincinci kwaye isakhiwo sayo sixinene kwaye siyafana, nto leyo esinika uthotho lweempawu ezifanelekileyo zokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo. Okokuqala, i-granite inomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu wokwandisa ubushushu, oqhele ukuba phakathi kwe-5 ukuya kwi-7×10⁻⁶/℃. Kwinkqubo yokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo koomatshini, ubushushu obuveliswa kukusebenza kwezixhobo kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu bendalo akunakuphepheka. Izixhobo ezenziwe ngezinto eziqhelekileyo zinokutshintsha ubukhulu ngenxa yokwanda kobushushu kunye nokucutheka, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela ukuchaneka kokucubungula. I-granite, kwelinye icala, ayichaphazeleki phantse kukutshintsha kobushushu kwaye inokuhlala igcina ubungakanani obuzinzileyo kunye nemilo, inika isiseko esizinzileyo sezixhobo zokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo.
Okwesibini, ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana kakuhle nokuguguleka kwegranite kwenza ukuba isebenze kakuhle xa isetyenziswa ixesha elide. Ubunzima bayo beMohs bunokufikelela kumanqanaba ama-6 ukuya kwangama-7. Xa iphantsi kwamandla ahlukeneyo ngexesha lokucubungula oomatshini, ayigugi kwaye ayigugi. Oku kuthetha ukuba izixhobo zokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo ezisebenzisa iimveliso zegranite zinokugcina ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo rhoqo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza zexesha elide kunye nobunzima obuphezulu, kunciphisa ukwehla kokuchaneka kwezixhobo kunye nokuphindaphinda kokusilela okubangelwa kukuguguleka kwezixhobo.
Ukongeza, igranite ikwasebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukungcangcazela. Kwiworkshop yokulungisa ngoomatshini ngokuchanekileyo, ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula kuya kuvelisa ukungcangcazela kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ezi zingcangcazela ziya kuphazamisana nenkqubo yokucubungula kwaye zichaphazele ukuchaneka kokucubungula. Igranite inokufunxa ngempumelelo kwaye inciphise ukungcangcazela kwangaphandle, inciphise impembelelo yokungcangcazela kwizixhobo, ibonelele ngendawo ezinzileyo yokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye iqinisekise ukuba iindawo ezicutshungulweyo zinemilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu womphezulu.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweemveliso zegranite ekucwangcisweni ngokuchanekileyo koomatshini
Kwizixhobo zokucubungula ngoomatshini ngokuchanekileyo, iimveliso zegranite zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, isiseko sesixhobo somatshini segranite, njengesixhobo esisisiseko esixhasayo sesixhobo, sibonelela ngeqonga lokusebenza elizinzileyo lesixhobo somatshini sonke. Ukusebenza kwaso okuzinzileyo kunokuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo somatshini sigcina ukuchaneka kwendawo nganye eshukumayo ngexesha lokusika ngesantya esiphezulu, ukugaywa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokucubungula, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukucutshungulwa ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu.
Iireli zesikhokelo segranite nazo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekucutshungulweni koomatshini ngokuchanekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neereli zesikhokelo zesinyithi zemveli, iireli zesikhokelo segranite zineempawu ze-friction coefficient ephantsi kunye nentshukumo egudileyo. Zingenza iindawo ezihambayo zesixhobo somatshini zihambe kakuhle ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhamba, zinciphise iimpazamo zokuhamba kwaye ziphucule ukuchaneka kokucubungula. Okwangoku, iireli zesikhokelo segranite zinokumelana okukhulu nokuguguleka kunye nobomi benkonzo ende, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zokugcina kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo.
Kwicandelo lezixhobo zokulinganisa, iimveliso ezifana neepleyiti zegranite kunye neebhloko zegeyiji nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Amaqonga okulinganisa igranite, anobuthebelele obuphezulu kakhulu kunye nozinzo, abonelela ngeereferensi ezithembekileyo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo. Xa kusenziwa imilinganiselo yobukhulu kunye nokuhlolwa kokunyamezelana kwemilo kunye nendawo kwiindawo ezichanekileyo zoomatshini, amaqonga okulinganisa igranite anokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo zokulinganisa, enceda abasebenzi bokucubungula ukuba bachonge kwaye balungise iimpazamo zokucubungula kwaye baqinisekise umgangatho wemveliso.
Khuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini lokucubungula ngoomatshini ngokuchanekileyo
Ngokuphucuka okuqhubekayo kweemfuno zokuchaneka nomgangatho weemveliso kwishishini lokucubungula ngoomatshini obuchanekileyo, ukubaluleka kweemveliso zegranite kuya kugqama ngakumbi. Ayigcini nje ngokuphucula uzinzo nokuchaneka kwezixhobo, kodwa ikwabonelela ngenkxaso enamandla yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokucubungula ngoomatshini obuchanekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa iimveliso zegranite, amashishini okucubungula ngoomatshini obuchanekileyo anokuvelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini okuvelisa akumgangatho ophezulu afana neenqwelo moya, ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, kunye nezixhobo zonyango, kwaye aphucule ukhuphiswano lwawo kwimarike.
Kwixesha elizayo, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji yokucubungula kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yokuchaneka, iimveliso zegranite ziya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwicandelo lokucubungula ngoomatshini ngokuchanekileyo. Ukudibana kwayo okunzulu kunye neetekhnoloji zokuvelisa eziphambili kuya kukhuthaza ngakumbi uphuhliso lweshishini lokucubungula ngoomatshini ngokuchanekileyo ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye kuncede ishishini lokuvelisa liqalise uhambo olutsha oluya kuphuhliso oluphezulu nolukrelekrele.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-07-2025