Ukusukela ukuchaneka luphawu oluphambili kushishino lwanamhlanje oluphezulu. Ukususela kwinkqubo yokukrola ekwenziweni kwe-semiconductor ukuya kwintshukumo ye-multi-axis yoomatshini be-CNC abakhawulezayo kakhulu, imfuneko esisiseko kukuzinza okupheleleyo kunye nokuchaneka okulinganiswe kwii-nanometers. Le mfuno ingapheliyo yokunyamezelana okuncinci yenze ukuba izixhobo ezininzi zemveli zinganeli, zikhokelela kwiinjineli kunye neengcali zemetro zibuyele kwisisombululo esibonakala sidala: i-granite. Eli litye liqinileyo, elenziwe ngokwendalo, xa likhethwa kwaye licutshungulwa ngamaqela akhethekileyo afana ne-ZHONGHUI (ZHHIMG®), lenza isiseko esibalulekileyo, esithuleyo apho isizukulwana esilandelayo sezixhobo zoshishino sisebenza khona.
Ihlabathi le-metrology, ngokwenkcazo, kufuneka liseke isicwangciso sokubhekisa esizinzileyo esingenasiphako. Xa oomatshini befuna ukufumana indawo ngokuchaneka kwe-sub-micron, okusingqongileyo kunye nezinto ezisisiseko zibaluleke kakhulu. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka komzuzu okubangelwa kukuguquguquka kobushushu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, okanye ukungcangcazela kwendalo kunokusasaza iimpazamo ezonakalisa imveliso ebiza kakhulu. Kulapho isayensi yezinto ezisisiseko zegranite emnyama ekhethekileyo iphumelela khona ngaphezu kwentsimbi okanye isinyithi esityhidiweyo.
Imfuneko yezinto eziphathekayo: Kutheni iGranite iphumelela kwisinyithi
Iziseko zezixhobo zoomatshini zanamhlanje zazakhiwe ngentsimbi okanye ngentsimbi ephosiweyo. Nangona ezi zinyithi zinika ubulukhuni obuphezulu, zineengxaki ezimbini eziphambili kwizicelo ezichanekileyo kakhulu: amandla aphantsi okudambisa kunye nee-coefficients eziphezulu zokwandiswa kobushushu (CTE). Isiseko sesinyithi siya kukhala njengentsimbi xa sivuselelwa ngamandla angaphandle, sigcina ukushukuma okuphazamisa ngokukhawuleza iinkqubo zokulinganisa okanye zoomatshini. Ngaphezu koko, notshintsho oluncinci lobushushu lubangela ukwanda okukhulu okanye ukucutheka, okuphazamisa isiseko kwaye kulahleke wonke umatshini ngaphandle kokulinganiswa.
I-Granite, ingakumbi iindidi ezikhethekileyo nezixineneyo ezisetyenziswa ziinkokheli zoshishino, iyawutshintsha lo mlinganiso. Ukwakheka kwayo ngokwemvelo kuyi-isotropic, oko kuthetha ukuba iipropati zayo ziyafana kuzo zonke iindlela, kwaye i-CTE yayo iphantsi kakhulu kuneyeesinyithi. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, i-granite inomthamo ophezulu kakhulu wokudambisa izinto—ifunxa kwaye ichithe ukungcangcazela koomatshini ngokukhawuleza. Olu zinzo lobushushu nokungcangcazela lwenza ukuba ibe yeyona substrate ithembekileyo ngokwenene kwizicelo ezifuna kakhulu, ezifana ne-Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola i-wafer eziphambili.
Umzekelo, i-granite emnyama ye-ZHHIMG ine-density efikelela kwi-3100 kg/m³. Olu density luphawu alunakuxoxiswana ngalo; lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokuncipha kwe-porosity kunye nokwanda kokumelana nokufunxwa komswakama, nto leyo eqinisa ngakumbi i-component ngokuchasene notshintsho lokusingqongileyo. Olu phawu lubalaseleyo lomzimba—oluthi iingcali ezininzi zilufumane ludlula ne-black granite efanayo eqhelekileyo yaseYurophu naseMelika—lulwaleko lokuqala lokuthembana olwakhelwe kuyo yonke i-component. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka kulo mgangatho, njengokusebenzisa izinto ezikumgangatho ophantsi okanye ezinye iindlela zemabula ezingabizi kakhulu, kwazisa imida ebonakalayo ekhawulezileyo ebeka emngciphekweni ukuchaneka kwe-nanometer ekugqibeleni okufunekayo ngumthengi. Ukuzibophelela ekusebenziseni kuphela izinto eziluhlaza ezilungileyo luphawu lokuziphatha nobuchwepheshe kweli shishini.
Idabi Lokulwa Nengxolo Yendalo: Iqonga eligqunywe nge-granite lokungcangcazela
Kwindawo echanekileyo, utshaba olukhulu asikuko umatshini ngokwawo, kodwa yingxolo yangasemva engaqhelekanga: amanyathelo omqhubi, ukugquma kwelori ekude, okanye isenzo esijikelezayo seenkqubo ze-HVAC ezikufutshane. Ezi ntshukumo zokusingqongileyo ezibonakala zingabalulekanga zanele ukufiphaza umfanekiso phantsi kwe-microscope ephezulu okanye ukufaka incoko kumsebenzi womatshini omhle. Yingakho iqonga eligqunywe nge-granite vibration liyimfuneko—lisebenza njengesiseko sokugqibela sozinzo phakathi kwehlabathi langaphandle eliguquguqukayo kunye nenkqubo yokulinganisa enobuthathaka.
La maqonga awanazo nje iigranite slabs; ziinkqubo ezenziwe ngobuchule. Zisebenzisa iimpawu zokudambisa zegranite kunye neenkqubo zokwahlukanisa eziphucukileyo ze-pneumatic okanye i-elastomeric. I-inertia enkulu ebonelelwa yigranite enoxinano oluphezulu ihluza ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela kwe-high-frequency, ngelixa inkqubo yokwahlukanisa esebenzayo iphatha ukuphazamiseka kwe-low-frequency. Ubunzima obukhulu kunye nokuqina kwecandelo legranite—elenziwe zizixhobo ezikwaziyo ukuphatha izakhiwo ze-monolithic ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezili-100—kuqinisekisa ukuba i-frequency yendalo yendibano yonke ityhalelwa ngaphantsi kakhulu kwe-frequency eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwezixhobo ezijikelezileyo, nto leyo ebangela indawo 'ezolileyo' apho ukulinganisa kungenziwa khona ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuvelisa ngokwayo bubungqina bokubaluleka kweqonga. Izakhiwo zemveliso ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nezo zigcinwa yi-ZHHIMG, zinamagumbi acocekileyo alawulwa bubushushu, ahlala ecocekile, ahlala efikelela kwi-10,000 m². Ezi zakhiwo zisebenzisa umgangatho wekhonkrithi ongqindilili kakhulu, ochasene nokungcangcazela, ngamanye amaxesha udlula i-1000 mm ubunzulu, kwaye zijikelezwe yimijelo enzulu yokulwa nokungcangcazela. Kwaneekhreyini eziphezulu ngaphakathi kwezi holo zokuhlanganisana zikhethwa ukuze zisebenze 'ngokuthula'. Olu tyalo-mali kwindawo ezinzileyo lubalulekile, ngakumbi kwizinto ezijolise kwizicelo ezinobuzaza ezifana nendibano ye-semiconductor, apho ukusebenza kweqonga kulawula ngokuthe ngqo isivuno. Ifilosofi yobunjineli ilula kodwa ayigungqi: ukuba awukwazi ukulinganisa indawo ngokuchanekileyo, awukwazi ukuvelisa iqonga elithembekileyo.
Ukuchaza Ukuchaneka: Indima Yabalawuli BeGranite Abalungisiweyo
Uzinzo olunikwa yiplatfomu yesiseko kufuneka ludluliselwe kwiindawo ezihambayo zomatshini, kwaye ekugqibeleni, luqinisekiswe zizixhobo zemetrology. Olu qinisekiso luxhomekeke kwimigangatho yereferensi echanekileyo engenakugxekwa. Kulapho iGranite square ruler echanekileyo kakhulu yeGrade AA kunye neGranite Straight Ruler ekhethekileyo eneendawo ezine ezichanekileyo ziba zizixhobo ezisisiseko.
Umgangatho weBanga le-AA
IUmlawuli wesikwere segraniteIbanga le-AA yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuchaneka kwe-angular kunye ne-positional kwi-CMMs kunye ne-advanced machine tool assembly. Igama elithi 'iBanga le-AA' ngokwalo liyimigangatho eyaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela (edla ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha ezifana ne-DIN 875 okanye i-ASME B89.3.7) ebonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokunyamezelana kwejometri. Ukufikelela kweli banga kufuna ukufana, ukuthe nkqo, kunye nokunyamezelana okuthe tye okulinganiswe kwiinxalenye ze-micron—amanqanaba afumaneka kuphela ngokuzinza kwezinto kunye neenkqubo zokugqiba ezinzima kakhulu. Xa umakhi womatshini efuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-axis ethe nkqo (i-Z-axis) ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo neplane ethe tye (iplane ye-XY), i-Grade AA square ruler inika ireferensi engaguqukiyo, elinganisiweyo apho ijometri yomatshini itshixiwe khona. Ngaphandle kwesi sixhobo, ukuchaneka kwejometri okuqinisekisiweyo akunakwenzeka.
Ukuguquguquka kweZingqinisiso zeMihlaba emininzi
I-Granite Straight Ruler eneendawo ezine ezichanekileyo ze-4 sisixhobo esibalulekileyo, ngakumbi ekulungelelaniseni iinkqubo zokuhamba ezithe tye zokuhamba ixesha elide, ezifana nezo zifumaneka kwiimashini zokubhola ze-PCB okanye kwi-laser cutters ezinkulu. Ngokungafaniyo nee-rules ezilula, ubuso obune obuchanekileyo buvumela i-ruler ukuba isetyenziswe kungekuphela nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthe tye kubude bayo kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukufana kunye nokulingana phakathi kwezinto zomatshini ngaxeshanye. Olu buchule beendawo ezininzi lubalulekile ekwenzeni ulungelelwaniso olupheleleyo lwejometri apho ukusebenzisana phakathi kwee-axes ezininzi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. Ukugqitywa kokuchaneka kwezi ndawo, okufezekiswe ngamashumi eminyaka yolwazi oluqokelelweyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa, kuvumela ezi zixhobo ukuba zisebenze kungekuphela nje njengezixhobo zokuhlola kodwa kunye nezixhobo zokuhlanganisa ngokwazo.
Igunya Elingagungqiyo Lobuchule Bobugcisa Nemigangatho Yehlabathi
Umgangatho wokugqibela wegunya kunye nokuchaneka, odla ngokunganakwa, yinxalenye yomntu edityaniswe nokunamathela ngokuqinileyo kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Uhambo oluvela kwibhloko yengxobo eluhlaza ukuya kumphezulu othe tyaba we-nanometer lulawulwa yinkqubo yesayensi kunye neyobugcisa.
Abavelisi abaphambili bayaqonda ukuba ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho engqongqo yehlabathi—kuquka i-DIN yaseJamani (njenge-DIN 876, i-DIN 875), i-American GGGP-463C-78 kunye ne-ASME, i-Japanese JIS, kunye ne-British BS817—akunakuxoxiswana ngako. Olu buchule behlabathi buqinisekisa ukuba icandelo elenziwe e-Asia linokuhlanganiswa ngokungenamthungo kumatshini owakhelwe ngokweemfuno zaseYurophu okanye lilinganiswe kusetyenziswa i-CMM elinganisiweyo yaseMelika.
Le nkqubo ixhaswa bubuchule beengcali zokugqiba. Asikuko ukubaxa izinto xa kusithiwa ezona zinto zicociweyo zegranite zisagqitywa ngesandla. Kwiiworkshops ezikhethekileyo zamaqela azinikele ekuchanekeni kakhulu, iingcali zokugaya zinamava angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka. Njengoko abathengi behlala bezichaza, "zihamba ngamanqanaba e-elektroniki." Ingqiqo yazo yokuchukumisa ivumela ukuba zilinganise ukususwa kwezinto ziye kwinqanaba le-single-micron okanye nakwi-sub-micron ngentshukumo enye, eqhelisiweyo ye-grinding lap—isakhono esingenakuphindwa ngumatshini we-CNC. Olu kuzinikela luqinisekisa ukuba nangona ukuchaneka kwemveliso okufunekayo kuyi-1 μm, igcisa lisebenza ukuya ekunyamezeleni okuhlala kufikelela kwisikali se-nanometer.
Ngaphezu koko, esi zakhono sesandla siqinisekiswa ziziseko zemetrology eziphambili kwihlabathi, kuquka iMahr (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.5 μm), amanqanaba e-elektroniki aseSwitzerland WYLER, kunye neBritish Reinshaw Laser Interferometers. Zonke izixhobo zokuhlola kufuneka zilandelelwe zize zifike kumaziko emetrology kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, zidale uthotho olungenakwaphulwa lwegunya lokulinganisa. Le ndlela ipheleleyo—izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, izibonelelo ezikumgangatho wehlabathi, ukunamathela kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi, kunye nobugcisa bomntu obuqinisekisiweyo—yiyo ekugqibeleni eyahlula iinkokeli zokwenyani kwi-precision granite.
Ikamva Lizinzile
Usetyenziso lwezi ziseko zizinzileyo kakhulu luyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokukhawuleza, ludlulela ngaphaya kwe-CMM zemveli luye kumacandelo akhula kakhulu: iziseko zeenkqubo ze-laser ze-Femtosecond kunye ne-Picosecond, amaqonga e-Linear Motor Stages, iziseko zezixhobo ezintsha zokuhlola ibhetri yamandla, kunye neebhentshi ezibalulekileyo zokulungelelanisa oomatshini bokugquma be-perovskite.
Eli shishini lilawulwa yinyaniso elula, equlethwe ngokugqibeleleyo yifilosofi yeenkokheli zalo: “Ishishini elichanekileyo alinakuba nzima kakhulu.” Kumdyarho wokunyamezelana okuhlala kukuhle, ubudlelwane obuthembekileyo nomthengisi ozinikele kwi-Openness, Innovation, Integrity, kunye ne-Unity—nothembisa ukuba akukho kukopa, akukho kufihla, akukho kukhohlisa—buba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu njengezinto ngokwazo. Ukuphila ixesha elide kunye negunya lezinto ezikhethekileyo zegranite kubonisa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha, izisombululo ezintsonkothileyo zifunyanwa kwizinto ezisisiseko, zicutshungulwe kwaye ziqinisekiswe kwimigangatho ephezulu yokuziphatha kunye neyobuchwephesha efunwa lihlabathi. Uzinzo lwelitye luhlala luyinyani engagungqiyo kwihlabathi eliguquguqukayo lokuchaneka kakhulu.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-08-2025