Kwintsimi yezixhobo ezichanekileyo ze-industrial, ukuzinza kwe-granite ngokuyinhloko kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwayo kweeminerali, ukuxinana kwesakhiwo, kunye nezibonakaliso zokusebenza komzimba (ezifana ne-coefficient yokwanda kwe-thermal, izinga lokufunxa amanzi, kunye namandla oxinzelelo), kunokuba umbala wayo ngokwawo. Nangona kunjalo, umbala usoloko ubonakalisa ngokungangqalanga umahluko kwimizobo yeeminerali kunye nokwakheka kwendawo. Ke ngoko, kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, igranite yemibala ethile ithandwa ngakumbi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. Olu lulandelayo luhlalutyo oluthile:
I. Umbutho ongathanga ngqo phakathi koMbala kunye noZinzo
Umbala wegranite ugqitywe ngokubunjwa kwayo kwamaminerali, kwaye ukubunjwa kwamaminerali kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu zayo zomzimba:
Igranite enombala okhanyayo (efana nomhlophe ongwevu, opinki okhanyayo)
Ukubunjwa kwamaminerali: Ikakhulu i-quartz kunye ne-feldspar (ibali ukuya kwi-60% ukuya kwi-80%), kunye nenani elincinci le-mica okanye i-amphibole.
I-Quartz (enobuninzi be-2.65g/cm³) kunye ne-feldspar (enoxinano lwe-2.5-2.8g/cm³) inobunzima obuphezulu, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali olomeleleyo, kunye ne-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kwe-thermal (ngokuqhelekileyo i-5-8×10⁻⁶/℃), kwaye ayichatshazelwa lula lutshintsho.
Iimpawu zesakhiwo: Ibunjwe kwindawo ezinzileyo yejoloji (efana nokupholisa kancinane kwindawo engekho nzulu yoMhlaba), inamasuntswana ekristale afanayo, ulwakhiwo oluxineneyo, iporosity ephantsi (0.3% - 0.7%), isantya sokufunxa amanzi esisezantsi (<0.15%), kunye nokuxhathisa ngamandla kwi-deformation.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo: Izixhobo zokuvelisa i-electronic chip, izixhobo ezichanekileyo ze-optical instrument (ezifana ne-photolithography machine platforms), efuna ukugcina ukuchaneka kobukhulu bexesha elide.
Igranite emnyama (efana nomnyama, luhlaza mnyama)
Ukubunjwa kwamaminerali: Kutyebile kwi-iron kunye neeminerali ze-magnesium (ezifana ne-amphibole, i-biotite, i-pyroxene), kwaye iqulethe iiminerali zetsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-magnetite kunye ne-ilmenite.
I-Amphibole (ubuninzi be-3.0-3.4g/cm³) kunye ne-biotite (ubuninzi be-2.7-3.1g/cm³) inoxinaniso oluphezulu, kodwa i-coefficients yokwandiswa kwe-thermal iphezulu kancinane kune-quartz (ukuya kwi-8-12 × 10⁻⁶ i-oxisation ye-togo kunye nokutshintsha kwe-oxisation) iiminerali ezinentsimbi.
Iimpawu zesakhiwo: Ubukhulu becala buqulunqwe kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu (njengokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-magma enzulu), kunye namasuntswana e-crystalline e-coarse kunye nokwahlukana okuphawulekayo kwi-structural density. Enye i-granite emnyama (efana neJinan Green) inesakhiwo esifanayo kunye nesizinzileyo ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima we-magmatic kunye nokukhululwa ngokupheleleyo koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo: Iziseko zesixhobo somatshini onzima, umatshini omkhulu wokulinganisa ulungelelwaniso (CMM), ekufuneka imelane nemithwalo ephezulu kunye nokuchasana nempembelelo.
Ii. Izalathisi ezingundoqo zozinzo kwimiba yoShishino
Nokuba unjani umbala, iimfuno eziphambili zegranite kwizixhobo ezichanekileyo kwimizi-mveliso ziquka:
Ukuzinza kwe-Thermal
Nika kuqala ukukhetha iintlobo nge-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kwe-thermal (<8×10⁻⁶/℃) ukuphepha ukuphambuka kokuchaneka kwezixhobo okubangelwa ukuguquguquka kobushushu. Igranite enemibala ekhanyayo (efana nesesame emhlophe) inozinzo olungcono lwe-thermal ngenxa yomxholo we-quartz ephezulu.
Ukubumbana kolwakhiwo
Igranite ene-porosity engaphantsi kwe-0.5% kunye nesantya sokufunxa amanzi esingaphantsi kwe-0.1% ayiqhelekanga ekubhengezeni ukufuma okanye ukungcola kwaye ayinakwenzeka ukuba ikhubazeke xa isetyenziswa ixesha elide. Zombini iJinan eluhlaza kwigranite emnyama (ene-porosity ye-0.3%) kunye ne-Shanxi Black kwigranite ekhanyayo (ene-porosity ye-0.2%) ihlangabezana neemfuno zoxinaniso oluphezulu.
Amandla omatshini
Amandla oxinzelelo makhulu kune-150MPa kwaye amandla e-flexural makhulu kune-12MPa, eqinisekisa ukuzinza kwexesha elide lokuthwala izixhobo ezichanekileyo. Igranite emnyama (efana ne-Indian black) idla ngokuba namandla aphezulu omatshini ngenxa yobukho bentsimbi kunye neeminerali ze-magnesium kwaye ifanelekile kwiimeko ezinzima.
Ukunganyangeki komhlwa kwekhemikhali
I-quartz kunye ne-feldspar zinamandla okumelana ne-asidi kunye ne-alkali corrosion. Ke ngoko, i-granite enombala okhanyayo (efana ne-sesame grey) ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobungozi kumashishini ekhemikhali kunye ne-semiconductor.
Iii. UkuKhetha okuPhambili kunye naMatyala kwiNdawo yoShishino
Igranite enombala okhanyayo: Inketho ekhethwayo yeemeko ezichanekileyo
Iindidi ezimele:
ISesame White: Iveliswe eFujian, ingwevu kancinci ngombala, inomxholo wequartz ongaphezulu kwe70%. I-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal yi-6 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Isetyenziswe kwiiplatifti zomatshini we-semiconductor lithography kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola i-aerospace.
IJinan Green: Ingwevu emnyama, ubume obufanayo, amandla acinezelayo 240MPa, ihlala isetyenziselwa isiseko sokulungelelanisa oomatshini bokulinganisa (CMM).
Izinto eziluncedo: Ukufana kombala okulungileyo, ukuququzelela ukulinganisa indlela ye-optical yezixhobo zokukhanya; Ine-deformation encinci ye-thermal kwaye ifanelekile kwiimfuno ezichanekileyo zezinga le-nanometer.
Igraniti emnyama: Ikhethwa kubunzima bomsebenzi kunye neemeko ezixhathisa impembelelo
Iindidi ezimele:
Black Galaxy: Mnyama ngombala, iqulathe ilmenite, kunye noxinano lwe 3.05g/cm³ kunye namandla acinezelayo angama-280MPa. Isetyenziselwa umzila onzima wesixhobo sesikhokelo somatshini kunye nezixhobo zokwenza iimoto.
Umnyama waseMongolia: Uluhlaza obumnyama, ubukhulu becala i-amphibole, enokumelana nempembelelo enamandla, esetyenziselwa isiseko sezixhobo zemigodi.
Izinto eziluncedo: Uxinaniso oluphezulu, ukuqina okuqinileyo, okukwaziyo ukufunxa ukungcangcazela koomatshini, okufanelekileyo kwindawo yoshishino oluphezulu.
Isine. Isiphelo: Umbala ayisiyonto imiselayo; ukusebenza ngundoqo
Umbala ≠ uzinzo: Zombini igranite enombala okhanyayo kunye nombala omnyama zineentlobo ezizinzileyo. Into ephambili ilele ekucocekeni kweminerali, ukufana kwesakhiwo, kunye nezikhombisi ezibonakalayo.
Umgaqo wokuziqhelanisa nescene:
Izixhobo ezichanekileyo ze-optical / electronic: Khetha iintlobo ezinombala okhanyayo kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-quartz (njenge-sesame emhlophe), ugxininisa ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye nokuchaneka kwendawo.
Oomatshini abakhulu / izixhobo zoomatshini boshishino: Khetha umbala omnyama, iintlobo zentsimbi ye-magnesium ephezulu (ezifana neJinan blue), ugxininisa amandla omatshini kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo.
Isiphakamiso sokuthenga: Qinisekisa iiparamitha ezifana ne-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, izinga lokufunxa kwamanzi, kunye namandla oxinzelelo ngeengxelo zovavanyo (ezifana ne-GB/T 18601-2020 "Ii-Natural Granite Building Slabs"), kunokugweba kuphela ngombala.
Ukuqukumbela, kwintsimi yoshishino, ukukhethwa kwegranite kubeka phambili ukusebenza kwaye kongezwa ngumbala. Uvavanyo olubanzi kufuneka lwenziwe ngokudityaniswa neemfuno zezixhobo ezithile kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-19-2025