Ekwakhiweni kweqonga elihambayo lomoya oxinzelelweyo nongashukumiyo, ukukhetha isiseko kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kweqonga ngokubanzi. Isiseko esichanekileyo segranite kunye nesiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo zineempawu zazo, kwaye kukho umahluko ocacileyo kwiimilinganiselo eziphambili ezifana nokuzinza, ukugcinwa okuchanekileyo, ukuqina kunye neendleko.
Okokuqala, uzinzo: isakhiwo sendalo esixineneyo nesesinyithi
Emva kwezigidi zeminyaka yotshintsho lwejoloji, i-granite idityaniswe ngokusondeleyo yi-quartz, i-feldspar kunye nezinye iiminerali ukuze zenze isakhiwo esixineneyo nesifanayo. Xa kukho ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, njengokungcangcazela okunamandla okubangelwa kukusebenza kwezixhobo ezinkulu kwindawo yokusebenzela yefektri, isiseko se-granite sinokuvimba kwaye sinciphise ngempumelelo ngokuxhomekeka kwisakhiwo saso esintsonkothileyo sekristale, esinokunciphisa ubukhulu bokungcangcazela kweqonga lomoya oxinzelelweyo ohambayo ngaphezulu kwe-80%, okubonelela ngelitye lesiseko elizinzileyo leqonga ukuqinisekisa intshukumo egudileyo ngexesha lokucubungula okanye ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-photolithography yokwenziwa kwee-chip ze-elektroniki, ukuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo kweepatheni zee-chip kuqinisekisiwe.
Isiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo senziwa nge-iron-carbon alloy, kwaye i-graphite yangaphakathi isasazwa kwiishiti okanye iisphere. Nangona inamandla athile okudambisa ukungcangcazela, ukufana kwayo kwesakhiwo akulunganga xa kuthelekiswa ne-granite. Xa ijongene nokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokungcangcazela okuqhubekayo, kunzima kwisiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokungcangcazela ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi elifanayo nesiseko se-granite, oku kunokukhokelela ekuphambukeni okuncinci kwintshukumo yeqonga lomoya oxinzelelweyo ohambayo, okuchaphazela ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kweqonga kwimisebenzi yokuchaneka kakhulu.
Okwesibini, ukugcinwa kokuchaneka: iingenelo zendalo zokwandiswa okuphantsi kunye nomngeni wotshintsho lobushushu besinyithi
I-Granite yaziwa ngokuba ne-coefficient ephantsi kakhulu yokwandiswa kobushushu, idla ngokuba yi-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Kwimeko yokuguquguquka kobushushu, ubungakanani besiseko se-granite precision butshintsha kancinci kakhulu. Kwicandelo le-astronomy, iqonga le-hydrostatic air float elichanekileyo lokulungisa kakuhle ilensi yeteleskopu lidibene nesiseko se-granite, nokuba umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku ubalulekile, inokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka kwendawo yelensi kugcinwa kwinqanaba le-submicron, inceda izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba zibambe amandla amancinci ezidalwa zasezulwini ezikude.
I-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu besinyithi esityhidiweyo iphezulu, ngokubanzi yi-10-20 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Xa ubushushu butshintsha, ubungakanani besiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo butshintsha ngokucacileyo, nto leyo elula ukubangela ukuguquguquka kobushushu beqonga lomoya ophantsi koxinzelelo oluchanekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kokuchaneka kokuhamba kweqonga. Kwinkqubo yokusila iilensi ze-optical ezibuthathaka kubushushu, ukuguquguquka kwesiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo phantsi kwempembelelo yobushushu kunokubangela ukuphambuka kokuchaneka kokugaya kwelensi ngaphaya koluhlu oluvumelekileyo kwaye kuchaphazele umgangatho welensi.
Okwesithathu, ukuqina: ubulukhuni obukhulu belitye lendalo kunye nokudinwa kwesinyithi
Ubunzima begranite buphezulu, ubunzima beMohs bunokufikelela kwi-6-7, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle. Kwilabhoratri yesayensi yezinto, iqonga lomoya ohambayo ochanekileyo osetyenziswa rhoqo, isiseko salo segranite sinokumelana ngempumelelo nokulahleka kokungqubana kwexesha elide, xa kuthelekiswa nesiseko esiqhelekileyo, sinokwandisa umjikelo wokugcinwa kweqonga ngaphezulu kwe-50%, sinciphise iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kwaye siqinisekise ukuqhubeka komsebenzi wophando lwesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, izinto zegranite zibuthathaka kakhulu, kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka xa zichaphazeleka ngengozi.
Isiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo sinobunzima obuthile kwaye akulula ukuphuka xa sithwele amandla athile okubetha. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yokujikeleza rhoqo kweqonga lomoya oqinileyo ojikelezayo ixesha elide, isinyithi esityhidiweyo sinokonakala kokudinwa, okubangela utshintsho kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi, okuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokuhamba kunye nokuzinza kweqonga. Kwangaxeshanye, isinyithi esityhidiweyo sinokonakala kokugqwala kunye nokugqwala kwiindawo ezifumileyo, okunciphisa ukuqina kwayo, ngokuchaseneyo, isiseko segranite ekuchaseni ukugqwala singcono.
Okwesine, ubunzima beendleko zokuvelisa kunye nokucubungula: imingeni yokwembiwa kwamatye endalo kunye nokucubungula kunye nomlinganiselo wenkqubo yokwenziwa kwesinyithi
Ukumbiwa nokuthuthwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zegranite kuyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ukucutshungulwa kufuna izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu, ukuqhekeka, ukusika, ukugaya, ukupolisha kunye nezinye iinkqubo zinobuthathaka bokudilika, ukuqhekeka, izinga eliphezulu lokulahlwa, okubangela iindleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa.
Isiseko sesinyithi esenziwe ngentsimbi senziwe ngenkqubo yokubumba evuthiweyo, umthombo obanzi wezinto eziluhlaza kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ngokusebenzisa isikhunta kunokufezekisa imveliso eninzi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza okufanayo nesiseko segranite, inkqubo yokubumba kunye neemfuno zasemva kokucubungula zingqongqo kakhulu, zifuna umatshini ochanekileyo kunye nonyango lokwaluphala, njl.njl., kwaye iindleko nazo ziya kunyuka kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, isiseko sokuchaneka kwegranite sineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa kweqonga lokudada lomoya elinoxinzelelo oluqinileyo olufuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu, uzinzo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka; Isiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo sineenzuzo ezithile kwixabiso kunye nokuqina, kwaye sifanelekile kwiimeko apho iimfuno zokuchaneka ziphantsi, ukuphishekela ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nemeko yokungcangcazela kunye nobushushu zizinzile.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-09-2025