Izixhobo zeseramikhi ziya zisiba yinxalenye ephambili yemveliso yehlabathi ekumgangatho ophezulu. Ngenxa yobunzima bazo obuphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, iiseramikhi eziphambili ezifana ne-alumina, i-silicon carbide, kunye ne-aluminium nitride zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace, ukupakisha i-semiconductor, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-biomedical. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba buthathaka kunye nokuqina okuphantsi kokuqhekeka kwezi zinto, umatshini wazo wokuchaneka uhlala uthathwa njengomngeni onzima. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezintsha zokusika, iinkqubo ezidibeneyo, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokujonga obukrelekrele, iingxaki zomatshini weseramikhi ziyasoyiswa kancinci kancinci.
Ubunzima: Ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokubhitya zihlala zikho
Ngokungafaniyo neentsimbi, iiseramikhi zisengozini yokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka ngexesha lokwenziwa kwesinyithi. Umzekelo, i-silicon carbide inzima kakhulu, kwaye izixhobo zokusika zemveli zihlala ziguga ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubomi bube sinye kwishumi kuphela kunezo zokwenziwa kwesinyithi. Iziphumo zobushushu nazo ziyingozi enkulu. Ukwanda kobushushu bendawo ngexesha lokwenziwa kwesinyithi kunokukhokelela ekuguqulweni kwesigaba kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, okubangela umonakalo ongaphantsi komhlaba onokubeka emngciphekweni ukuthembeka kwemveliso yokugqibela. Kwi-semiconductor substrates, kwanomonakalo okwi-nanometer-scale unokonakalisa ukusasazwa kobushushu be-chip kunye nokusebenza kombane.
Impumelelo yoBugcisa: Izixhobo zokusika eziqinileyo kunye neenkqubo ezidibeneyo
Ukuze koyiswe le mingeni yoomatshini, eli shishini liqhubeka nokwazisa izixhobo ezintsha zokusika kunye nezisombululo zokwenza ngcono inkqubo. Izixhobo zokusika zePolycrystalline diamond (PCD) kunye ne-cubic boron nitride (CBN) ziye zatshintsha kancinci kancinci izixhobo zokusika ze-carbide zemveli, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokuzinza koomatshini. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokusika obuncediswa kukungcangcazela kwe-ultrasonic kunye nobuchwepheshe boomatshini be-ductile-domain kuye kwenza ukuba kunqunyulwe izinto ze-ceramic "ezifana neplastiki", ezazisuswe ngaphambili kuphela kukuqhekeka okubuthathaka, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukuqhekeka kunye nomonakalo obangelwa ngumphetho.
Ngokuphathelele unyango lomphezulu, ubuchwepheshe obutsha obufana nokupolishwa kwe-chemical mechanical (CMP), ukupolishwa kwe-magnetorheological (MRF), kunye nokupolishwa okuncediswa yi-plasma (PAP) ziqhubela iindawo ze-ceramic kwixesha lokuchaneka kwinqanaba le-nanometer. Umzekelo, ii-substrates ze-aluminium nitride heat sink, nge-CMP zidityaniswe neenkqubo ze-PAP, zifikelele kumanqanaba okurhabaxa komphezulu angaphantsi kwe-2nm, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwishishini le-semiconductor.
Amathuba Okusetyenziswa: Ukusuka kwiitships ukuya kwizeMpilo
Olu phuhliso lwetekhnoloji luguqulelwa ngokukhawuleza kwizicelo zoshishino. Abavelisi be-semiconductor basebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula iimpazamo zobushushu ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwee-wafers ezinkulu ze-ceramic. Kwicandelo le-biomedical, iindawo ezigobileyo ezintsonkothileyo ze-zirconia implants zenziwa ngomatshini ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu ngokusebenzisa i-magnetorheological polishing. Xa zidityaniswe neenkqubo ze-laser kunye ne-coating, oku kuphucula ngakumbi ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuqina.
Iindlela Zexesha Elizayo: Ukwenziwa Kwemveliso Okukrelekrele Nokuluhlaza
Ukujonga phambili, umatshini wokulungisa izinto ngokuchanekileyo we-ceramic uya kuba nobuchule ngakumbi kwaye ube nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Kwelinye icala, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye neewele zedijithali ziyabandakanywa kwiinkqubo zemveliso, okuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwexesha langempela kweendlela zezixhobo, iindlela zokupholisa, kunye neeparamitha zokulungisa izinto. Kwelinye icala, uyilo lwe-gradient ceramic kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma ziba ziindawo eziphambili zophando, zibonelela ngeendlela ezintsha zokuvelisa izinto eziluhlaza.
Isiphelo
Kuyabonakala ukuba umatshini wokulungisa izinto ngokuchanekileyo kwi-ceramic uya kuqhubeka nokukhula uye “kwi-nano-precision, umonakalo ophantsi, kunye nolawulo olukrelekrele.” Kwishishini lemveliso lehlabathi, oku akubonisi nje kuphela inkqubela phambili ekucutshungulweni kwezinto kodwa kukwabonisa uphawu olubalulekileyo lokukhuphisana kwixesha elizayo kumashishini aphezulu. Njengenxalenye ephambili yokuvelisa izinto eziphucukileyo, inkqubela phambili entsha kwimishini yokulungisa izinto ceramic iya kuqhubela ngqo amashishini afana ne-aerospace, ii-semiconductors, kunye ne-biomedicine ukuya kwiindawo ezintsha.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-23-2025