Kwicandelo lemveliso yemizi-mveliso, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo yeyona nto iphambili ekuqinisekiseni amandla emveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki yokungasebenzi kwezixhobo okubangelwa kukugqwala kweziseko zesinyithi zemveli ibisoloko ichaphazela ishishini lemveliso. Ukusuka kwizixhobo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuya kwizixhobo ezinzima zoomatshini, xa sele zigqwalile iziseko zesinyithi, akuyi kukhokelela kuphela ekulinganisweni okungachanekanga kunye nokuguguleka kweendawo zoomatshini, kodwa inokubangela ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemveliso. Isiseko segranite, esineempawu zaso zendalo zokulwa nokugqwala, sibonelela amashishini isisombululo esipheleleyo.
Ukugqwala kweziseko zesinyithi: "Umbulali ongabonakaliyo" kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso
Iziseko zesinyithi eziphothiweyo zazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino ngenxa yexabiso lazo eliphantsi kunye nokucutshungulwa okulula. Nangona kunjalo, isinyithi esiphothiweyo ngokuyintloko yintsimbi ye-carbon alloy. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwangaphakathi lunenani elikhulu leembobo ezincinci kunye nokungcola, okuchaphazeleka kakhulu kukusabela kwe-oxidation kunye nokufuma kunye ne-oksijini emoyeni, okwenza umhlwa. Kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezimanzi, kwiindawo ezinxweme ezinetyuwa eninzi, okanye xa zichatshazelwa zizinto zeekhemikhali ezifana nezicoci ze-coolant kunye ne-asidi okanye i-alkali, izinga lokugqwala kweziseko zesinyithi eziphothiweyo liya kwanda ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwezibalo, kwindawo eqhelekileyo yezoshishino, iziseko zesinyithi eziphothiweyo ziya kubonisa umhlwa ocacileyo ngokomyinge rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu okanye ezirhabaxa, ubomi bayo benkonzo bunokufutshane bube ngaphantsi konyaka omnye.
Emva kokugqwala, umphezulu wesiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo uya kuqhekeka kancinci kancinci uze ungalingani, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kokuchaneka kokufakelwa kwezixhobo kwaye ibangele iingxaki ezifana nokungcangcazela okukhulu kunye nezinto ezikhululekileyo. Kwizixhobo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuguquguquka okuncinci okubangelwa kukugqwala kwisiseko kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo zokulinganisa ezikhulayo ziye ngaphezulu kwe-±5μm, okwenza ukuhlolwa kwemveliso kungabi nantsingiselo. Kwizixhobo zoomatshini ezinzima, umonakalo wesakhiwo obangelwa kukugqwala unokukhokelela nasekuvalekeni kwezixhobo ngequbuliso, okubangela ukukhubazeka komgca wemveliso. Umzi-mveliso othile wokuvelisa iinxalenye zeemoto wakhe wakha wanengxaki yokungasebenzi kakuhle rhoqo kwesixhobo sawo sokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokugqwala kwesiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo. Ilahleko ethe ngqo yezoqoqosho ebangelwe kukungasebenzi kwezixhobo ngaphakathi konyaka idlule kwisigidi seeyuan.
Isiseko segranite: "Isikhuselo sendalo" esilwa nokugqwala
I-Granite lilitye lendalo elenziwe ngeenkqubo zejoloji kwiminyaka engamakhulu ezigidi. Iikristale zayo zangaphakathi zeminerali ziqiniswe kakhulu, kwaye isakhiwo sayo sixinene kwaye siyafana, nto leyo esinika ithuba elibalulekileyo ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Izinto eziphambili zegranite (i-quartz, i-feldspar, i-mica, njl.njl.) zineempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo kakhulu kwaye azisabelani nezinto eziqhelekileyo ze-asidi okanye ze-alkaline. Nokuba zidibana ixesha elide nezinto ezigqwala ezifana ne-coolant kunye nee-agents zokucoca, akukho mhlwa uya kwenzeka. Ukongeza, umphezulu wegranite awunazo ii-pores, kwaye amanzi awakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi, esusa amathuba okugqwala nokugqwala kwiingcambu.
Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba xa i-granite kunye ne-cast iron zibekwe ngaxeshanye kwindawo enokubola kakhulu equlethe isisombululo se-sodium chloride se-10%, i-cast iron ibonisa amabala okugqwala acacileyo kwiiyure ezingama-48, ngelixa emva kweeyure ezili-1000 zovavanyo, umphezulu we-granite uhlala uthambile njengomtsha ngaphandle kwamanqaku okugqwala. Olu phawu lubalaseleyo lokulwa nokugqwala lwenza iziseko ze-granite zibonise iingenelo ezingenakutshintshwa kumashishini anokubola okunamandla njengobunjineli beekhemikhali, ukulungiswa kokutya, kunye nobunjineli bolwandle.
Ukuphucula iindleko zomjikelo woBomi obupheleleyo: Ukusuka "kutyalo-mali lwexesha elifutshane" ukuya "kwimbuyekezo yexesha elide"
Nangona iindleko zokuqala zokuthenga iziseko zegranite ziphezulu kunezo zesinyithi esityhidiweyo, ngokwembono yomjikelo wobomi bezixhobo, iingenelo ezipheleleyo ezizisayo zidlula kakhulu umahluko weendleko. Isiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo sifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo ngenxa yomhlwa (njengokususa umhlwa kunye nokupeyinta kwakhona), kwaye iindleko zokugcinwa zonyaka zimalunga ne-10% ukuya kwi-15% yexabiso lokuthenga. Xa umhlwa unzima, isiseko sonke kufuneka sitshintshwe, nto leyo enyusa ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo kunye neendleko zokutshintshwa kwazo. Isiseko segranite asifuni kulungiswa phantse, sinobomi benkonzo obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, kwaye sigcina ukuchaneka okuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kulo lonke ixesha lokusetyenziswa, kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukusilela kwezixhobo kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi.
Emva kokuba ishishini elithile lemveliso ye-elektroniki litshintshe isiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo somgca wemveliso ngesiseko segranite, izinga lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo lehla ngama-85%, umjikelo wokulinganisa wezixhobo zokulinganisa wongezwa ukusuka kanye ngenyanga ukuya kube kanye ngonyaka, kwaye iindleko zonyaka ezipheleleyo zehliswe ngama-40%. Ukongeza, ukuzinza okuphezulu kwesiseko segranite nako kunyuse izinga lokufaneleka kwemveliso, ngokungathanga ngqo kudala iingenelo eziphezulu kwezoqoqosho.
Kwixesha lokuphucula izixhobo zoshishino, ukutshintsha ukusuka kwiziseko zesinyithi ukuya kwiziseko zegranite akupheleli nje ekuphindaphindweni kwezinto kodwa kukwakhokelela kwingcamango yemveliso ukusuka "ekwenzeni" ukuya "ekugqweseni". Ngokukhetha isiseko segranite, amashishini akanakuyisombulula ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yokugqwala nokubola, kodwa akwafumana uphuculo oluphindwe kabini ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemveliso kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwezixhobo, kubeka isiseko esiqinileyo sophuhliso olusemgangathweni ophezulu kwixesha lokuvelisa ngobuchule.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-13-2025