Ukuthembeka kokusebenza koomatshini abantsonkothileyo—ukusuka kwiinkqubo zenkxaso ye-hydraulic ukuya kwizixhobo ze-lithography eziphambili—kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwizakhiwo zayo zesiseko ezenzelwe wena (ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni). Xa ezi ziseko zisilela okanye ziguquguquka, iinkqubo zokulungisa nokutshintsha ezifunekayo zobugcisa kufuneka zilungelelanise ngononophelo ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo, iimpawu zezinto, kunye neemfuno eziguqukayo zesicelo. Icebo lokugcinwa kwezo zinto zingaqhelekanga kufuneka lijikeleze uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo lohlobo lomonakalo, ukusasazwa koxinzelelo, kunye nokugqibelela kokusebenza, ngelixa ukutshintshwa kufuna ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo kwisiqinisekiso sokuhambelana kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa eziguqukayo.
I. Uhlobo Lomonakalo kunye namaqhinga Okulungisa Ajoliswe Kuwo
Ukonakala kweziseko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kudla ngokubonakala njengokuqhekeka kwendawo, ukusilela kweendawo zokudibanisa, okanye ukugqwetheka okugqithisileyo kwejometri. Ukusilela okuqhelekileyo kwisiseko senkxaso ye-hydraulic, umzekelo, kukuqhekeka kwezixhobo zokuqinisa eziphambili, ezifuna indlela yokulungisa eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ukuba ukwaphuka kwenzeka kwindawo yokudibanisa, okuhlala kubangelwa kukudinwa okuvela kuxinzelelo olujikelezayo, ukulungiswa kuyalela ukuba kususwe ngononophelo iipleyiti zokugquma, kuqiniswe kamva ngepleyiti yentsimbi ehambelana nomzali, kunye nokuwelda ngononophelo ukubuyisela ukuqhubeka kwembambo ephambili. Oku kudla ngokulandelwa kukugoba ukuze kusasazwe kwakhona kwaye kulinganiswe amandla omthwalo.
Kwicandelo lezixhobo ezichanekileyo kakhulu, ukulungiswa kugxile kakhulu ekunciphiseni umonakalo omncinci. Cinga ngesiseko sesixhobo esibonakalayo esibonisa imifantu emincinci yomphezulu ngenxa yokungcangcazela ixesha elide. Ukulungiswa kuya kusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-laser cladding ukufaka umgubo we-alloy ohambelana ngokuchanekileyo nokwakheka kwe-substrate. Le ndlela ivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kakhulu lobukhulu bomaleko we-cladding, ukufikelela kulungiso olungenaxinzelelo oluthintela indawo echaphazeleka bubushushu kunye nokuwohloka kwepropathi okunxulunyaniswa nokuwelda okuqhelekileyo. Kwimikrwelo yomphezulu engathwali mthwalo, inkqubo ye-Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM), esebenzisa i-semi-solid abrasive medium, inokuziqhelanisa ne-contours ezintsonkothileyo, isuse iziphene zomphezulu ngelixa igcina ngokungqongqo iprofayili yejometri yokuqala.
II. Ukuqinisekiswa kunye noLawulo lokuHlanganisa ukuze kuTshintshiswe
Ukutshintshwa kwesiseko esenziwe ngokwezifiso kufuna inkqubo epheleleyo yokuqinisekisa ye-3D egubungela ukuhambelana kwejometri, ukuhambelana kwezinto, kunye nokufaneleka kokusebenza. Kwiprojekthi yokutshintshwa kwesiseko sesixhobo somatshini se-CNC, umzekelo, uyilo olutsha lwesiseko luhlanganiswe kwimodeli yohlalutyo lweFinite Element (FEA) yomatshini wokuqala. Ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwe-topological, ukusasazwa kokuqina kwecandelo elitsha kuhambelana ngononophelo nelidala. Okubaluleke kakhulu, umaleko we-elastic compensation we-0.1 mm unokufakwa kwiindawo zoqhagamshelwano ukuze kufunxwe amandla okungcangcazela komatshini. Ngaphambi kokufakwa kokugqibela, i-laser tracker yenza ukuhambelana kwendawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-parallelism phakathi kwesiseko esitsha kunye neendlela zomgaqo-nkqubo womatshini ilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.02 mm ukuthintela ukubopha kwentshukumo ngenxa yokungachaneki kokufakwa.
Ukuhambelana kwezinto zendalo yeyona nto iphambili ekuqinisekisweni kokutshintshwa kwazo. Xa kutshintshwa inkxaso yeqonga lolwandle ekhethekileyo, eli candelo litsha lenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo ephindwe kabini. Uvavanyo lokugqwala oluqinileyo lwe-electrochemical luyenziwa ukuqinisekisa umahluko omncinci phakathi kwezinto ezintsha nezindala, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ngqwalaselo ye-galvanic ekhawuleziswayo kwindawo emanzi olwandle anzima. Kwiziseko ezidityanisiweyo, uvavanyo lokufanisa i-thermal expansion coefficient luyimfuneko ukuthintela ukuhlukana kwe-interfacial okubangelwa kukujikeleza kobushushu.
III. Uhlengahlengiso oluDynamic kunye nokuLungiswa okuSebenzayo
Emva kokutshintshwa, ukulinganiswa okusebenzayo okupheleleyo kubalulekile ukubuyisela ukusebenza kokuqala kwesixhobo. Ityala elinomtsalane kukutshintshwa kwesiseko somatshini we-lithography se-semiconductor. Emva kokufakelwa, i-interferometer yelaser yenza uvavanyo olunamandla lokuchaneka kokuhamba kwetafile yokusebenza. Ngokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo izilungisi ze-piezoelectric ceramic zangaphakathi zesiseko, impazamo yokuphindaphinda indawo inokulungiswa ukusuka kwi-0.5 μm yokuqala ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.1 μm. Kwiziseko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezixhasa imithwalo ejikelezayo, kwenziwa uhlalutyo lwe-modal, oluhlala lufuna ukongezwa kwemingxunya yokudambisa okanye ukusasazwa kwakhona kobunzima ukuze kususwe i-frequency yendalo ye-resonant yecandelo kude noluhlu lokusebenza kwenkqubo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukugqitha kokungcangcazela okubhubhisayo.
Ukulungiswa kwakhona okusebenzayo kubonisa ulwandiso lwenkqubo yokutshintshwa. Xa kuphuculwa isiseko sebhentshi yovavanyo lwenjini yenqwelomoya, isakhiwo esitsha sinokudityaniswa nenethiwekhi yesenzi se-strain gauge engenazingcingo. Le nethiwekhi ijonga ukusasazwa koxinzelelo kuzo zonke iindawo zokubeka ngexesha langempela. Idatha icutshungulwa yimodyuli ye-edge computing kwaye idluliselwe ngqo kwinkqubo yolawulo, ivumela uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lweeparamitha zovavanyo. Olu tshintsho lukrelekrele alugcini nje ngokubuyisela kodwa luphucula ukuthembeka kovavanyo lwezixhobo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
IV. Ukugcinwa Okusebenzayo kunye noLawulo loMjikelo woBomi
Isicwangciso senkonzo kunye nokutshintshwa kweziseko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kufuneka sifakwe kwisakhelo solondolozo esisebenzayo. Kwiziseko ezivezwe kwiindawo ezirhabaxa, uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic olungonakalisiyo (NDT) lwekota luyacetyiswa, lugxile kwiindawo zokuwelda kunye neendawo zoxinzelelo. Kwiziseko ezixhasa oomatshini abangcangcazelayo rhoqo, ukuhlolwa kwenyanga kwe-fastener pre-tension ngendlela ye-torque-angle kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka koqhagamshelo. Ngokuseka imodeli yokuguquka komonakalo ngokusekelwe kumazinga okusasazeka kwee-crack, abaqhubi banokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo ubomi obusebenzayo besiseko, okuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwezicwangciso zemijikelo yokutshintshwa—umzekelo, ukwandisa ukutshintshwa kwesiseko sebhokisi yegiya ukusuka kumjikelo weminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwiminyaka esixhenxe, okunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcinwa zizonke.
Ukugcinwa kobuchwephesha kweziseko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuye kwavela ekuphenduleni okungenamsebenzi ukuya ekungeneleleni okusebenzayo nokukrelekrele. Ngokudibanisa ngokungenamthungo ubuchwepheshe bokuvelisa obuphambili, ukuqonda okukrelekrele, kunye nobuchule obuphindwe kabini bedijithali, inkqubo yolondolozo yexesha elizayo yezakhiwo ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni iya kufezekisa ukuzixilonga komonakalo, izigqibo zokulungisa eziziqondisayo, kunye nokucwangciswa kokutshintshwa okucwangcisiweyo, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqinileyo kwezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-14-2025