Ukuthembeka kokusebenza koomatshini obunzima-ukusuka kwiinkqubo zenkxaso ye-hydraulic ukuya kwizixhobo eziphambili ze-lithography-kuxhomekeke ngokugqithisileyo kwiziseko zayo ezisisiseko (ezingekho semgangathweni). Xa ezi ziseko zingaphumeleli okanye zikhubazeke, ukulungiswa kobugcisa obufunekayo kunye neenkqubo zokutshintshwa kufuneka zilungelelanise ngokucokisekileyo ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo, iipropati zezinto eziphathekayo, kunye neemfuno eziguqukayo zesicelo. Isicwangciso sogcino lwaloo macandelo angekho mgangathweni kufuneka sijikeleze uvandlakanyo olucwangcisiweyo lohlobo lomonakalo, ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo, kunye nokugqibelela kokusebenza, ngelixa ukutshintshwa kufuna ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambelana kunye neeprothokholi zokulinganisa okuguquguqukayo.
I. I-Typology yomonakalo kunye neeNdlela eziJolisiweyo zokuLungisa
Umonakalo kwiziseko zesiko udla ngokubonakala njengokwaphuka kwendawo, ukusilela kweendawo zoqhagamshelo, okanye ukugqwetheka okugqithisileyo kwejometri. Ukungaphumeleli okuqhelekileyo kwisiseko senkxaso ye-hydraulic, umzekelo, ukuphuka kwe-stiffeners eziphambili, ezifuna indlela yokulungisa eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ukuba i-fracture iyenzeka kwindawo yokudibanisa, ehlala ibangelwa ukudinwa kwi-cyclic stress concentration, ukulungiswa kugunyazisa ukususwa ngokucophelela kwamacwecwe okugubungela, ukuqiniswa okulandelayo kunye nentsimbi yomzali-yentsimbi ehambelana nentsimbi, kunye ne-groove welding enobuchule ukubuyisela ukuqhubeka kwembambo eziphambili. Oku kudla ngokulandelwa yi-sleeving ukusabalalisa kwakhona kunye nokulinganisa amandla omthwalo.
Kwindawo yezixhobo ezichanekileyo eziphezulu, ukulungiswa kugxininise kakhulu ekunciphiseni umonakalo omncinci. Qwalasela isiseko sesixhobo esibonayo esibonisa iintanda ezikumphezulu ngenxa yokungcangcazela ixesha elide. Ulungiso luya kusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokugquma i-laser ukufaka umgubo wealloyi ohambelana ngokuchanekileyo nokwakheka kwesubstrate. Obu buchule buvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kakhulu lwe-cladding layer thick, ukuphumeza ukulungiswa okungenaxinzelelo oluthintela indawo echaphazelekayo kubushushu kunye nokuthotywa kwepropathi ehambelana ne-welding eqhelekileyo. Kwimikrwelo yomhlaba engathwaliyo umthwalo, inkqubo ye-Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM), isebenzisa i-semi-solid abrasive medium, inokuziqhelanisa ne-contours eyinkimbinkimbi, isusa iziphene zomhlaba ngelixa igcina ngokungqongqo iprofayili yejometri yokuqala.
II. UQinisekiso kunye noLawulo lokuKhawulela ukuTshintsha
Ukutshintshwa kwesiseko esiqhelekileyo kufuna inkqubo ebanzi yokuqinisekiswa kwe-3D equka ukuhambelana kwejometri, ukuhambelana kwezinto, kunye nokufaneleka kokusebenza. Kwiprojekthi yokutshintshwa kwesiseko somatshini we-CNC, umzekelo, isiseko esitsha soyilo sidityaniswe kumatshini wokuqala we-Finite Element Analysis (FEA) yomzekelo. Ngokusebenzisa i-topological optimization, ukusabalalisa kokuqina kwecandelo elitsha kuhambelana ngononophelo nendala. Ngokungxamisekileyo, umaleko wembuyekezo we-elastiki oyi-0.1 mm unokudityaniswa kwindawo yoqhagamshelwano ukufunxa amandla omatshini wokungcangcazela. Ngaphambi kofakelo lokugqibela, i-laser tracker yenza ukuhambelana kokulungelelaniswa kwendawo, iqinisekisa ukuhambelana phakathi kwesiseko esitsha kunye nezikhokelo zomatshini zilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.02 mm ukuthintela ukubophelela kwentshukumo ngenxa yokungachaneki okunyukayo.
Ukuhambelana kwezinto kungundoqo ongenakuxoxisana wokuqinisekisa ukutshintshwa. Xa kutshintshwa iqonga elikhethekileyo lokuxhasa iqonga lolwandle, icandelo elitsha lenziwe kwibakala elifanayo le-duplex steel stainless steel. Uvavanyo olungqongqo lwe-electrochemical corrosion ke luye lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa umahluko omncinci onokubakho phakathi kwezixhobo ezitsha nezindala, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho galvanic corrosion ikhawuleziswayo kwindawo erhabaxa yamanzi olwandle. Kwiziseko ezidityanisiweyo, ulwandiso lwe-thermal coefficient yovavanyo oluhambelanayo lunyanzelekile ukunqanda ukudityaniswa kobuso obubangelwa kukuhamba ngebhayisikile kobushushu.
III. Ulungelelwaniso oluNgqongileyo kunye noLungiselelo ngokutsha oluSebenzayo
Ukulandela ukutshintshwa, ulungelelwaniso olupheleleyo olusebenzayo lubalulekile ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwesixhobo sokuqala. Ityala elinyanzelisayo kukutshintshwa kwesiseko somatshini we-semiconductor lithography. Emva kokufakwa, i-laser interferometer yenza uvavanyo oluguquguqukayo lokuchaneka kwentshukumo yetafile. Ngolungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwesiseko sangaphakathi se-piezoelectric ceramic micro-adjusters, impazamo yokubeka ukuphinda-phinda inokuphuculwa ukusuka kwi-0.5 μm ukuhla ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.1 μm. Kwiziseko zesiko ezixhasa imithwalo ejikelezayo, uhlalutyo lwemodyuli luyenziwa, oluhlala lufuna ukongezwa kwemingxunya emanzi okanye ulwabiwo lobuninzi ukushenxiswa kwezandi zezandi zecandelo lendalo kude kuluhlu lokusebenza lwenkqubo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwa ukungcangcazela okutshabalalisayo.
Uqwalaselo ngokutsha olusebenzayo lumele ukwandiswa kwenkqubo yokutshintshwa. Xa uphucula isiseko sebhentshi yovavanyo lwe-injini ye-aerospace, isakhiwo esitsha sinokudityaniswa nenethiwekhi yovavanyo lwe-wireless gauge. Le nethiwekhi ibeka esweni ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo kuzo zonke iindawo ezithweleyo ngexesha lokwenyani. Idatha icutshungulwa yimodyuli ye-edge computing kwaye yondliwe ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yokulawula, evumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kweeparitha zokuvavanya. Olu hlengahlengiso lukrelekrele alubuyiseli kuphela kodwa luphucula ukuthembeka kovavanyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo.
IV. ULondolozo oluSebenzayo kunye noLawulo loMjikelo woBomi
Inkonzo kunye nesicwangciso sokutshintshwa kweziseko zesintu kufuneka zibethelelwe kwisakhelo sokulungisa esisebenzayo. Kwiziseko ezivezwe kwiindawo ezinobungozi, uvavanyo lwekota lwe-ultrasonic olungonakalisi (NDT) luyacetyiswa, lugxininise kwii-welds kunye neendawo zokuxininisa uxinzelelo. Kwiziseko ezixhasa oomatshini bokungcangcazela besantya esiphezulu, ukuhlolwa kwenyanga kwe-fastener pre-tension ngendlela ye-torque-angle kuqinisekisa intembeko yoqhagamshelo. Ngokuseka imodeli yokuzivelela komonakalo esekwe kumazinga okusasaza kokuqhekeka, abaqhubi banokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo ubomi obuluncedo obushiyekileyo besiseko, bevumela ukulungelelaniswa okucwangcisiweyo kwemijikelo yokutshintsha-umzekelo, ukwandisa isiseko sebhokisi yegiya ukusuka kumjikelo weminyaka emihlanu ukuya kumjikelo weminyaka esixhenxe, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zolondolozo zizonke.
Ukugcinwa kobugcisa beziseko zesiko kuye kwavela kwimpendulo yokwenziwa ukuya kungenelelo olusebenzayo, olukrelekrele. Ngokudibanisa ngaphandle komthungo itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ephucukileyo, ukuqonda okukrelekrele, kunye nesakhono samawele edijithali, inkqubo yolondolozo lwexesha elizayo yezakhiwo ezingekho mgangathweni iya kufezekisa ukuzivavanya komonakalo, izigqibo zokuzilungisa ezikhokelwayo, kunye nokucwangciswa kokutshintsha okulungisiweyo, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngamandla kwezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-14-2025