Umahluko phakathi kweeseramics kunye neeseramics ezichanekileyo

Umahluko phakathi kweeseramics kunye neeseramics ezichanekileyo

Iintsimbi, imathiriyeli ephilayo, kunye neeseramikhi zibizwa ngokuba "zezona zinto zinkulu zintathu".Igama elithi Ceramics kuthiwa lisuka kwiKeramos, igama lesiGrike elithetha udongwe oludutyulwayo.Ekuqaleni ekubhekiselwa kuyo kwiiseramics, kutsha nje, igama elithi iiseramics laqala ukusetyenziswa ukubhekisa kwizinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi kunye ne-inorganic ezibandakanya izinto eziphikisayo, iglasi kunye nesamente.Ngenxa yezizathu ezingentla, iikeramics ngoku zinokuchazwa ngokuthi "iimveliso ezisebenzisa i-non-metallic okanye i-inorganic materials kwaye ziphantsi konyango oluphezulu lweqondo lokushisa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa".

Phakathi kweekeramics, ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kuyafuneka kwi-ceramics esetyenziswa kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, kubandakanywa neshishini le-elektroniki.Ngoko ke, ngoku zibizwa ngokuba "zii-ceramics ezichanekileyo" ukuze zithelekiswe kunye neekeramics eziqhelekileyo ezenziwe kwizinto zendalo ezifana nodongwe kunye ne-silica.yahlula.Iiseramikhi ezicokisekileyo ziiseramikhi ezichaneke kakhulu ezenziwe kusetyenziswa "umgubo wemathiriyeli okhethwe ngokungqongqo okanye odityanisiweyo" ngokusebenzisa "inkqubo yokwenziwa elawulwa ngokungqongqo" kunye "nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle".

Imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neendlela zokuvelisa zahluka kakhulu
Iimathiriyeli ekrwada ezisetyenziswa kwiiseramikhi zizimbiwa zendalo, kwaye ezo zisetyenziswa kwiiseramikhi ezichanekileyo zisulungekiswe kakhulu.

Iimveliso zeCeramic zineempawu zobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukugqunywa kombane, njl njl. I-Ceramics, izinto eziphikisayo, iglasi, i-samente, i-ceramics echanekileyo, njl njl. yimveliso yommeli wayo.Ngokusekelwe kwezi zakhiwo zingasentla, iiseramikhi ezintle zineepropathi ezigqwesileyo ngoomatshini, zombane, zamehlo, zekhemikhali, nezebhayoloji, kwakunye nemisebenzi enamandla ngakumbi.Okwangoku, iiseramikhi ezichanekileyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-semiconductors, iimoto, unxibelelwano lolwazi, oomatshini boshishino, kunye nokhathalelo lwezonyango.Umahluko phakathi kweeseramics zemveli ezifana neeseramics kunye neeseramics ezintle ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwimathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neendlela zabo zokwenza.Iiseramics zemveli zenziwe ngokuxuba izimbiwa zendalo ezifana nelitye lodaka, i-feldspar, kunye nodongwe, kwaye emva koko zibunjwe kwaye zizitshise.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iiseramikhi ezintle zisebenzisa imathiriyeli ekrwada yendalo ecocwe kakhulu, imathiriyeli ekrwada eyenziweyo eyenziwe ngonyango lwekhemikhali, kunye nemixube engekhoyo kwindalo.Ngokuqulunqa imathiriyeli ekrwada ekhankanywe ngasentla, into eneempawu ezinqwenelekayo inokufumaneka.Ukongeza, izinto ezilungiswayo ezilungisiweyo zenziwa ukuba zibe yimveliso ephezulu eyongezwe kwixabiso eliphezulu ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nemisebenzi enamandla ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ezifana nokubumba, ukudubula kunye nokusila.

Ulwahlulo lweeseramikhi:

1. Iingqayi kunye neeCeramics

1.1 Izinto zodongwe

Isikhongozeli esingamenyezwanga esenziwe ngokuxova udongwe, sibumbe kwaye sidubule kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi (malunga ne-800 ° C).Ezi ziquka izinto zodongwe ezifana ne-Jomon, i-Yayoi-type earthenware, izinto eziye zavunjululwa kuMbindi kunye ne-Near East ngo-6000 BC njalo njalo.Iimveliso ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ikakhulu ziimbiza zeentyatyambo ezibomvu-mdaka, izitena ezibomvu, izitovu, izihluzi zamanzi, njl.

1.2 Iingqayi

Ibaswa kubushushu obuphezulu (1000-1250°C) kunento yodongwe, kwaye ifunxa amanzi kwaye iyimveliso etshiswayo esetyenziswa emva kokukhenkceza.Ezi ziquka i-SUEKI, i-RAKUYAKI, i-Maiolica, i-Delftware, njl njl. Ngoku imveliso esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ikakhulu iiseti zeti, i-tableware, iiseti zeentyatyambo, iithayile njalo njalo.

1.3 Iporcelain

Imveliso evuthayo emhlophe eqiniswe ngokupheleleyo emva kokongeza i-silica kunye ne-feldspar kudongwe oluphezulu (okanye ilitye lodaka), ukuxuba, ukubumba kunye nokudubula.Kusetyenziswa iiglaze ezinemibala.Yaphuhliswa kwixesha le-feudal (inkulungwane yesi-7 neye-8) yase-China efana ne-Sui Dynasty kunye ne-Tang Dynasty kwaye yasasazeka kwihlabathi.Kukho ubukhulu becala Jingdezhen, Arita ware, Seto ware njalo njalo.Iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngoku zibandakanya i-tableware, i-insulators, ubugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla, iithayile zokuhombisa kunye nokunye.

2. IiRefractories

Ibunjwe kwaye igxothwe kwizinto ezingonakalisi kumaqondo aphezulu.Isetyenziselwa ukwakha iziko lokunyibilikisa intsimbi, ukwenza intsimbi kunye nokunyibilika kweglasi.

3. Iglasi

Yinto eqinileyo eyi-amorphous eyenziwe ngokufudumeza kunye nokunyibilika kwezixhobo ezikrwada ezifana ne-silica, limestone kunye nothuthu lwesoda.

4. Isamente

Umgubo ofunyenwe ngokuxuba i-limestone kunye ne-silica, i-calcining, kunye nokongeza i-gypsum.Emva kokongeza amanzi, amatye kunye nesanti ziyadityaniswa zenze ikhonkrithi.

5. ICeramic yoShishino oluchanekileyo

Iiseramikhi ezicokisekileyo ziiseramics ezichaneke kakhulu ezenziwe "ngokusebenzisa umgubo okhethiweyo okanye owenziweyo owenziweyo, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ezilungelelanisiweyo" + "inkqubo yokuvelisa elawulwa ngokungqongqo".Xa kuthelekiswa neeseramics zemveli, inemisebenzi enamandla ngakumbi, ngoko ke isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-semiconductors, iimoto, kunye noomatshini bemizi-mveliso.Iiseramics ezintle zazibizwa ngokuba ziiseramics ezintsha kunye neeseramics eziphambili okwethutyana.