Kumasimi okusika anjengokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor kunye nomlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-quantum, obuthathaka kakhulu kwindawo ye-electromagnetic, kwanokuphazamiseka okuncinci kombane kwizixhobo kunokubangela ukutenxa ngokuchanekileyo, okuchaphazela umgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso kunye neziphumo zovavanyo. Njengenxalenye ephambili exhasa izixhobo ezichanekileyo, iimpawu zokuchaphazeleka kwamagnetic kwiiplatifomu ezichanekileyo zegranite ziye zaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezixhobo. Uphononongo olunzulu lokusebenza kwemagnethi yokuchaneka kwamaqonga egranite achanekileyo kuyanceda ekuqondeni ixabiso labo elingenakuphinda lithathelwe indawo kwimveliso ephezulu kunye neemeko zophando lwezenzululwazi. Igranite ikakhulu yenziwe ngamaminerali afana nequartz, feldspar kunye ne mica. Ubume be-elektroniki bezi kristale zezimbiwa bumisela iimpawu zokuchaphazeleka kwamagnetic egranite. Ukusuka kumbono we-microscopic, ngaphakathi kweeminerali ezifana ne-quartz (SiO_2) kunye ne-feldspar (efana ne-potassium feldspar (KAlSi_3O_8)), ii-electron zihlala zikhona ngambini ngaphakathi kwe-covalent okanye i-ionic bond. Ngokomgaqo ka-Pauli wokukhutshelwa kobuxhakaxhaka be-quantum, izalathiso ze-elektroni ezidityanisiweyo zichasene, kunye nemizuzu yazo yemagnethi iyacima enye nenye, nto leyo eyenza impendulo epheleleyo yeminerali kwindawo yemagnethi yangaphandle ibe buthathaka kakhulu. Ke ngoko, igranite yinto eqhelekileyo yediamagnetic enokuthambeka okuphantsi kakhulu kwemagnethi, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga nomyalelo we \(-10 ^{-5}\), ophantse ungahoywa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zetsimbi, inzuzo yemagnethi yokuchaphazeleka kwegranite ibaluleke kakhulu. Uninzi lwemathiriyeli yesinyithi njengentsimbi zizinto ze-ferromagnetic okanye iparamagnetic, ezinenani elikhulu lee-electron ezingadityaniswanga ngaphakathi. I-spin magnetic moments yala ma-electron angakwazi u-Orient ngokukhawuleza kwaye alungelelanise phantsi kwesenzo se-magnetic field yangaphandle, okubangela ukuba kuthinteke umbane wezinto zetsimbi eziphakamileyo njengomyalelo we \ ( 10 ^ 2-10 ^ 6 \ ). Xa kukho imiqondiso ye-electromagnetic evela ngaphandle, izixhobo zentsimbi ziya kudibana ngamandla kunye nemagnethi, zivelise imisinga ye-electromagnetic eddy kunye nelahleko ye-hysteresis, ethi yona iphazamise ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezinto zombane ngaphakathi kwesixhobo. Iiplatifti ezichanekileyo ze-Granite, kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwemagnethi ephantsi kakhulu, kunzima ukunxibelelana nemimandla yangaphandle yamagnetic, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphepha ukuveliswa kokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokudala indawo yokusebenza ezinzileyo yezixhobo ezichanekileyo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, uphawu olusezantsi lwemagnethi lokuchaphazeleka kwamaqonga egranite achanekileyo adlala indima ephambili. Kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter ze-quantum, i-superconducting qubits ivakalelwa kakhulu kwingxolo ye-electromagnetic. Nokuba i-magnetic field fluctuation yenqanaba le-1nT (nanotesla) inokubangela ukulahleka kokuhambelana kwee-qubits, okukhokelela kwiimpazamo zokubala. Emva kokuba iqela elithile lophando lithathe indawo yeqonga lovavanyo ngezinto zegranite, ingxolo yemagnethi yangasemva ejikeleze isixhobo yehle kakhulu ukusuka kwi-5nT ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.1nT. Ixesha lokuhambelana kwee-qubits landiswa ngamaxesha amathathu, kwaye izinga lempazamo yokusebenza liye lancitshiswa ngama-80%, liphucula kakhulu ukuzinza kunye nokuchaneka kwe-quantum computing. Kwintsimi yezixhobo ze-semiconductor lithography, umthombo wokukhanya ogqithisileyo we-ultraviolet kunye nezinzwa ezichanekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-lithography zineemfuno ezingqongqo kwimeko ye-electromagnetic. Emva kokwamkela iqonga lokuchaneka kwegranite, izixhobo zixhathise ngokufanelekileyo ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle, kwaye ukuchaneka kokumisa kwaphuculwa ukusuka ku-± 10nm ukuya kwi-± 3nm, ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiqinileyo sokuveliswa okuzinzile kweenkqubo eziphambili ze-7nm nangaphantsi. Ukongeza, kwiimicroscopes ze-electron ezichaneke kakhulu, izixhobo zokucinga ngemagnethi yenyukliya kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinovakalelo kwindawo ye-electromagnetic, amaqonga achanekileyo egranite nawo aqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza ngeyona ndlela ingcono ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezisezantsi zokuchaphazeleka. Phantse i-zero magnetic susceptibility of the granite precision platforms kubenza babe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lwezixhobo ezichanekileyo ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kombane. Njengoko itekhnoloji ihambela phambili ekuchanekeni okuphezulu kunye neenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi, iimfuno zokuhambelana kwezixhobo zombane ziya zisiba ngqongqo. Iiplatifomu ezichanekileyo ze-Granite, kunye nale nzuzo ekhethekileyo, zibophelelekile ukuba ziqhubeke zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ephezulu kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi olunqamlekileyo, ukunceda imboni rhoqo iphule kwiibhotile zobugcisa kwaye ifikelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-14-2025