Kwimimandla yanamhlanje efana nokuveliswa kwe-semiconductor kunye nokulinganiswa kokuchaneka kwe-quantum, okunobuthathaka kakhulu kwiindawo ze-electromagnetic, nokuba kukuphazamiseka okuncinci kwe-electromagnetic kwizixhobo kunokubangela ukuphambuka kokuchaneka, okuchaphazela umgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso kunye neziphumo zovavanyo. Njengenxalenye ephambili exhasa izixhobo zokuchaneka, iimpawu zokuchaneka kwe-magnetic kwiqonga lokuchaneka kwe-granite ziye zaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo. Ukuhlolwa okunzulu kokusebenza kokuchaneka kwe-magnetic kwiqonga lokuchaneka kwe-granite kunceda ekuqondeni ixabiso lazo elingenakutshintshwa kwimveliso ephezulu kunye neemeko zophando lwesayensi. I-Granite yenziwe kakhulu ziiminerali ezifana ne-quartz, i-feldspar kunye ne-mica. Ulwakhiwo lwe-elektroniki lwale kristali yezi minerali lumisela iimpawu zokuchaneka kwe-magnetic ze-granite. Ukusuka kwimbono encinci, ngaphakathi kweeminerali ezifana ne-quartz (SiO_2) kunye ne-feldspar (ezifana ne-potassium feldspar (KAlSi_3O_8)), ii-electron zihlala zikhona ngababini ngaphakathi kweebhondi ze-covalent okanye ze-ionic. Ngokomgaqo wokukhutshwa kwe-Pauli kwi-quantum mechanics, izikhokelo zokujikeleza zee-electron ezidibeneyo zichasene, kwaye amaxesha azo e-magnetic ahlukana, okwenza impendulo iyonke yeminerali kwi-magnetic field yangaphandle ibe buthathaka kakhulu. Ngoko ke, igranite yinto eqhelekileyo ene-diamagnetic enobuthathaka obuphantsi kakhulu bemagnethi, idla ngokuba malunga nomyalelo we-\(-10^{-5}\), onokuphantse ungahoywa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zesinyithi, inzuzo ye-magnetic susceptibility yegranite ibaluleke kakhulu. Uninzi lwezinto zesinyithi ezifana nentsimbi zizinto ze-ferromagnetic okanye ze-paramagnetic, kunye nenani elikhulu lee-electron ezingadibaniyo ngaphakathi. Amaxesha e-spin magnetic ala ma-electron anokuhamba ngokukhawuleza aze alungelelanise phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yemagnethi yangaphandle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto zesinyithi zibe nobuthathaka obuphezulu njengomyalelo we-\(10^2-10^6\). Xa kukho imiqondiso ye-electromagnetic evela ngaphandle, izinto zesinyithi ziya kudibana kakhulu nentsimi yemagnethi, zivelise i-electromagnetic eddy currents kunye nokulahleka kwe-hysteresis, nto leyo ephazamisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezinto ze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kwesixhobo. Amaqonga okuchaneka kwegranite, anobuthathaka obuphantsi kakhulu bemagnethi, adla ngokungakwazi ukusebenzisana namasimu emagnethi angaphandle, ethintela ngempumelelo ukuveliswa kokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kwaye adale indawo yokusebenza ezinzileyo yezixhobo zokuchaneka. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, uphawu oluphantsi lwe-magnetic susceptibility lwamaqonga okuchaneka kwegranite ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ze-quantum, ii-qubits eziqhuba i-superconducting zinovakalelo olukhulu kwingxolo ye-electromagnetic. Nokuba ukuguquguquka kwe-magnetic field kwinqanaba le-1nT (nanotesla) kunokubangela ukulahleka kokuhambelana kwe-qubits, okukhokelela kwiimpazamo zokubala. Emva kokuba iqela elithile lophando litshintshe iqonga lovavanyo ngezinto ze-granite, ingxolo ye-magnetic field ejikeleze izixhobo yehla kakhulu ukusuka kwi-5nT ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.1nT. Ixesha lokuhambelana kwe-qubits longezwe kathathu, kwaye izinga lempazamo yokusebenza lehlisiwe ngama-80%, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu uzinzo kunye nokuchaneka kwe-quantum computing. Kwicandelo lezixhobo ze-semiconductor lithography, umthombo wokukhanya we-ultraviolet ogqithisileyo kunye nee-sensors zokuchaneka ngexesha lenkqubo ye-lithography zineemfuno ezingqongqo zokusingqongileyo kwe-electromagnetic. Emva kokwamkela iqonga lokuchaneka kwe-granite, izixhobo zamelana ngempumelelo nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle, kwaye ukuchaneka kokubeka kwaphuculwa ukusuka kwi-±10nm ukuya kwi-±3nm, okubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiqinileyo semveliso ezinzileyo yeenkqubo eziphambili ze-7nm nangaphantsi. Ukongeza, kwiimakroskopu ze-electron ezichanekileyo kakhulu, izixhobo zokubonisa imifanekiso ye-magnetic resonance yenyukliya kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinovelwano kwiindawo ze-electromagnetic, amaqonga okuchaneka kwe-granite aqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza kakuhle ngenxa yeempawu zazo eziphantsi zokuchaneka kwe-magnetic. Ukuchaneka kwe-granite okuphantse kube yi-zero kwenza ukuba zibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo ezichanekileyo zokuchasana nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubela phambili kwiinkqubo ezichanekileyo nezintsonkothileyo, iimfuno zokuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic kwezixhobo ziya zisiba nzima ngakumbi. Amaqonga okuchaneka kwe-granite, ngale nzuzo ikhethekileyo, aya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ephezulu kunye nophando lwesayensi oluphambili, enceda ishishini ukuba lihlale lidlula kwiingxaki zobugcisa kwaye lifikelele kumanqanaba amatsha.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-14-2025