Yintoni i-NDE?
Uvavanyo olungatshabalalisiyo (i-NDE) ligama elisetyenziswa rhoqo ngokutshintshana ne-NDT. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwetekhnoloji, i-NDE isetyenziselwa ukuchaza imilinganiselo enobungakanani ngakumbi. Umzekelo, indlela ye-NDE ayizukufumana kuphela isiphene, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa nokulinganisa into malunga neso siphene njengobungakanani bayo, imilo, kunye nokujonga. I-NDE ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela iimpawu zezinto, ezinje ngokuqina kokuqhekeka, ukwakheka, kunye nezinye iimpawu zomzimba.
Ezinye iiTekhnoloji ze-NDT/NDE:
Abantu abaninzi sele beqhelene nezinye zeendlela zobuchwepheshe ezisetyenziswa kwi-NDT nakwi-NDE ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo kwishishini lezonyango. Uninzi lwabantu lukwathathwe i-X-ray kwaye oomama abaninzi baye basetyenziswa yi-ultrasound ngoogqirha ukuze bahlole usana lwabo ngoxa lusesesibelekweni. Ii-X-ray kunye ne-ultrasound zezinye zeendlela zobuchwepheshe ezisetyenziswa kwicandelo le-NDT/NDE. Inani leendlela zokuhlola libonakala likhula imihla ngemihla, kodwa isishwankathelo esifutshane seendlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu sinikwe ngezantsi.
Uvavanyo Lokubona Nokubona (VT)
Eyona ndlela ilula ye-NDT kukujonga ngamehlo. Abavavanyi bombono balandela iinkqubo eziqala ekujongeni nje inxalenye ukuze babone ukuba iziphene zomphezulu ziyabonakala na, ukuya ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zekhamera ezilawulwa yikhompyutha ukuze ziqaphele ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zilinganise iimpawu zenxalenye ethile.
I-X-ray (RT)
I-RT ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-gamma- okanye i-X-radiation engenela ngaphakathi ukuhlola iziphene zezinto kunye nemveliso kunye neempawu zangaphakathi. Umatshini we-X-ray okanye i-isotope ye-radioactive isetyenziswa njengomthombo we-radiation. I-radiation iqondiswa yinxalenye ethile ize ifike kwifilimu okanye kwenye imidiya. I-shadowgraph ephumayo ibonisa iimpawu zangaphakathi kunye nokuqina kwenxalenye. Ubukhulu bezinto kunye notshintsho loxinano luboniswa njengeendawo ezikhanyayo okanye ezimnyama kwifilimu. Iindawo ezimnyama kwi-radiograph engezantsi zimele iindawo zangaphakathi kwinxalenye.
Uvavanyo lweMagnetic Particle (MT)
Le ndlela ye-NDT ifezekiswa ngokufaka intsimi yemagnethi kwizinto ze-ferromagnetic uze uvuthulule umphezulu ngeenxalenye zesinyithi (nokuba zomile okanye zixhonywe kulwelo). Iziphene zomphezulu kunye nezisecaleni komphezulu zivelisa iipali zemagnethi okanye zijije intsimi yemagnethi ngendlela yokuba iinxalenye zesinyithi zitsalwe kwaye zixinaniswe. Oku kuvelisa uphawu olubonakalayo lwesiphene kumphezulu wezinto. Imifanekiso engasezantsi ibonisa icandelo ngaphambi nasemva kokuhlolwa kusetyenziswa iinxalenye zemagnethi ezomileyo.
Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT)
Kuvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic, amaza esandi asebenza rhoqo adluliselwa kwizinto ukuze kufunyanwe ukungafezeki okanye ukufumana utshintsho kwiimpawu zezinto. Indlela yovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic esetyenziswa kakhulu yi-pulse echo, apho isandi singeniswa kwinto yovavanyo kwaye ukubonakaliswa (ii-echoes) okuvela kwiziphene zangaphakathi okanye kumphezulu wejometri yenxalenye kubuyiselwa kwi-receiver. Apha ngezantsi ngumzekelo wokuhlolwa kwe-shear wave weld. Qaphela isalathisi esifikelela kwimida ephezulu yesikrini. Esi sibonakaliso siveliswa sisandi esibonakaliswa sisiphene ngaphakathi kwe-weld.
Uvavanyo lwe-Penetrant (PT)
Into yovavanyo igqunywe ngesisombululo esinedayi ebonakalayo okanye ekhanyayo. Isisombululo esigqithisileyo siyasuswa kumphezulu wento kodwa sishiywe sinamaphutha aqhekeza umphezulu. Emva koko kusetyenziswa umphuhlisi ukuze kutsalwe into ephumayo kwisiphako. Ngedayi ezikhanyayo, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kusetyenziswa ukwenza i-bleeding out fluoresce ikhanye, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukuba amaphutha abonakale ngokulula. Ngedayi ezibonakalayo, umahluko wombala ocacileyo phakathi kwe-penetrant kunye nomphuhlisi wenza kube lula ukubona "i-bleedout". Iimpawu ezibomvu ezingezantsi zimele inani lamaphutha kweli candelo.
EUvavanyo lwe-electromagnetic (ET)
Imisinga yombane (imisinga ye-eddy) iveliswa kwisixhobo esiqhuba umbane yintsimi yemagnethi etshintshayo. Amandla ale misinga ye-eddy anokulinganiswa. Iziphene zezinto zibangela ukuphazamiseka ekuhambeni kwemisinga ye-eddy okulumkisa umhloli ngobukho besiphako. Imisinga ye-eddy ikwachaphazeleka kukuqhuba kombane kunye nokuvuleka kwemagnethi kwezinto, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlela ezinye izinto ngokusekelwe kwezi mpawu. Ingcali engezantsi ihlola iphiko lenqwelo-moya ukuze ibone iziphene.
Uvavanyo lokuvuza (LT)
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa nokufumanisa ukuvuza kwiindawo zokulawula uxinzelelo, imithambo yoxinzelelo, kunye nezakhiwo. Ukuvuza kunokubonwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokumamela ze-elektroniki, ukulinganisa uxinzelelo, iindlela zokungena kolwelo kunye negesi, kunye/okanye uvavanyo olulula lwe-soap-bubble.
Uvavanyo lokukhupha umoya (AE)
Xa into eqinileyo ixinezelekile, ukungafezeki ngaphakathi kwento kukhupha amandla akhawulezileyo e-acoustic abizwa ngokuba yi-"emissions." Njengakwi-ultrasound testing, ukukhutshwa kwe-acoustic kunokubonwa ngabamkeli abakhethekileyo. Imithombo yokukhupha inokuvavanywa ngokufunda ubunzulu bayo kunye nexesha lokufika ukuze kuqokelelwe ulwazi malunga nemithombo yamandla, njengendawo ekuyo.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-27-2021