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Yintoni ukwakhiwa kweegranite?

 

Yintoni ukwakhiwa kweegranite?

IGranitelelona litye lixhaphakileyo kwi-Earth's crust, Iqhelekile njengelitye elipinki elinamabala, elimhlophe, elingwevu, nelimnyama lokuhombisa.Irhabaxa ukuya kutsho phakathi.Iiminerali zayo ezintathu eziphambili yi-feldspar, quartz, kunye ne-mica, ezenzeka njenge-silvery muscovite okanye i-biotite emnyama okanye zombini.Kwezi zimbiwa, i-feldspar iyona nto iphambili, kwaye i-quartz idla ngokuthatha ngaphezulu kwe-10 ekhulwini.Iifeldspars zealkali zihlala zipinki, okukhokelela kwigranite epinki ehlala isetyenziswa njengelitye lokuhombisa.Igranite ikhazimla ukusuka kwi-silica-rich magmas ezimayile ezinzulu kuqweqwe loMhlaba.Iidiphozithi ezininzi zeeminerali zenza kufutshane nemizimba yegranite ekhazimlayo ukusuka kwizisombululo ze-hydrothermal ezikhutshwa yimizimba enjalo.

Ukuhlelwa

Kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-QAPF yokuhlelwa kwamatye e-plutonic (Streckeisen, 1976), intsimi yegranite ichazwa ngokubunjwa kwe-quartz (Q 20 - 60%) kunye ne-P / (P + A) phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-65. Intsimi yegranite inemimandla engaphantsi emibini: i-syenogranite kunye ne-monzogranite.Kuphela ngamatye avela ngaphakathi kwe-syenogranite athathwa njengegranite kwiincwadi ze-Anglo-Saxon.Kuncwadi lwaseYurophu, amatye avela ngaphakathi kwe-syenogranite kunye ne-monzogranite kuthiwa ziigranite.I-monzogranite sub-field iqulethe i-adamelite kunye ne-quartz monzonite kuhlelo oludala.I-Subcommission ye-Rock Cassification icebisa kutshanje ukwala igama elithi adamelite kwaye ukubiza njenge-quartz monzonite kuphela amatye avela ngaphakathi kwi-quartz monzonite field sensu stricto.

Idayagram ye-QAPF

Ukuqulunqwa kwemichiza

Umyinge wehlabathi jikelele wokwakheka kweekhemikhali zegranite, ngepesenti yobunzima,

ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwama-2485:

  • SiO2 72.04% (silica)
  • Al2O3 14.42% (alumina)
  • K2O 4.12%
  • I-Na2O 3.69%
  • I-CaO 1.82%
  • I-FeO 1.68%
  • Fe2O3 1.22%
  • MgO 0.71%
  • I-TiO2 0.30%
  • P2O5 0.12%
  • MnO 0.05%

Ihlala iqulethe i-quartz yamaminerali kunye ne-feldspar, kunye okanye ngaphandle kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaminerali (i-accessory minerals).Iquartz kunye nefeldspar ngokubanzi zinika igranite umbala okhanyayo, ukusuka kwipinki ukuya kumhlophe.Loo mbala ongasemva ukhanyisa ugxininiso lwezimbiwa zoncedo olumnyama.Ngaloo ndlela igranite yakudala inenkangeleko "yetyuwa-nepepper".Iiminerali ezixhaphakileyo ze-accessory yi-black mica biotite kunye ne-amphibole hornblende emnyama.Phantse onke la matye ane-igneous (yaqina ukusuka kwi-magma) kunye ne-plutonic (yakwenza oko kumzimba omkhulu, ongcwatywe ngokunzulu okanye i-pluton).Ukucwangciswa ngokungacwangciswanga kweenkozo kwigranite-ukungabikho kwelaphu-bubungqina bemvelaphi yayo ye-plutonic.Ilitye elinokwakheka okufanayo njengegranite linokwenza ngokusebenzisa i-metamorphism ende kunye nenzulu yamatye e-sedimentary.Kodwa olo hlobo lwelitye linelaphu elomeleleyo kwaye lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-granite gneiss.

Ukuxinana + Indawo yokunyibilika

Umyinge wokuxinana kwayo uphakathi kwe-2.65 kunye ne-2.75 g/cm3, amandla ayo okucinezela adla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-200 MPa, kwaye i-viscosity yayo kufuphi ne-STP yi-3–6 • 1019 Pa·s.Ubushushu obunyibilikayo yi-1215–1260 °C.Inokungenwa kakuhle kweprayimari kodwa inamandla okwesibini.

Ukwenzeka kweLiwa leGranite

Ifumaneka kwiiplutons ezinkulu kumazwekazi, kwiindawo apho uqweqwe lomhlaba lukhukuliswe ngokunzulu.Oku kunengqiqo, kuba i-granite kufuneka yomelele ngokucothayo kwiindawo ezingcwatywe nzulu ukwenza iinkozo ezinkulu zeminerali.Iiplutons ezincinci kune-100 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha kwindawo zibizwa ngokuba yi-stocks, kwaye ezinkulu zibizwa ngokuba yi-batholiths.I-Lavas iqhuma kuwo wonke umhlaba, kodwa i-lava enesakhiwo esifanayo ne-granite (rhyolite) iqhuma kuphela kumazwekazi.Lonto ithetha ukuba igranite kufuneka ibumbe ngokunyibilika kwamatye elizwekazi.Oko kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezibini: ukongeza ubushushu kunye nokongeza izinto eziguqukayo (amanzi okanye icarbon dioxide okanye zombini).Amazwekazi ashushu ngokwentelekiso ngenxa yokuba aqulethe uninzi lweuranium nepotassium yesi sijikelezi-langa, ezifudumeza iindawo eziwangqongileyo ngokubola kwemitha.Naphi na apho uqweqwe lujiyile luthanda ukuba shushu ngaphakathi (umzekelo kwiThafa laseTibet).Kwaye iinkqubo zetectonics zeplate, ikakhulu ukuthotywa, kunokubangela ukuba i-basaltic magmas iphakame phantsi kwamazwekazi.Ukongeza kubushushu, ezi magmas zikhupha i-CO2 kunye namanzi, enceda amatye azo zonke iintlobo anyibilike kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi.Kucingelwa ukuba izixa ezikhulu ze-basaltic magma zinokutyatyekwa emazantsi elizwekazi kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-underplating.Ngokukhutshwa okucothayo kobushushu kunye nolwelo olusuka kuloo basalt, isixa esikhulu se-continental crust sinokujika kwigranite ngaxeshanye.

Ifumaneka phi?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuyaziwa ukuba ifumaneka eMhlabeni kuphela njengentabalala kuwo onke amazwekazi njengenxalenye ye-continental crust.Eli litye lifumaneka kubunzima obuncinci, obufana nesitokhwe esingaphantsi kwe-100 km², okanye kwi-batholiths eziyinxalenye yeentaba ze-orogenic.Kunye namanye amazwekazi kunye namatye entlenga, ngokubanzi enza isiseko sethambeka eliphantsi komhlaba.Ikwafumaneka nakwii-lacolites, imisele kunye nemibundu.Njengoko kukwakhiwa kwegranite, ezinye iinguqu zamatye zi-alpids kunye ne-pegmatites.Izincamathelisi ezinobungakanani besuntswana elicolekileyo kunokuba zenzeke kwimida yohlaselo lwegraniti.Iipegmatites zegraniyitha ezininzi kunegranite ngokubanzi zabelana ngeediphozithi zegranite.

Ukusetyenziswa kweGranite

  • AmaYiputa amandulo akha iiphiramidi ngeegranite namatye ekalika.
  • Olunye usetyenziso kwiYiputa yamandulo ziintsika, iingcango zeminyango, iisill, ukubumba kunye nodonga kunye nesigqubuthelo somgangatho.
  • I-Rajaraja Chola I-Chola Dynasty eMzantsi India, ngenkulungwane ye-11 AD kwisixeko saseTanjore eIndiya, yenza itempile yokuqala yehlabathi ibe yigranite ngokupheleleyo.ITempile yaseBrihadeeswarar, enikezelwe kwiNkosi uShiva, yakhiwa ngo-1010.
  • KuBukhosi baseRoma, igranite yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemathiriyeli yokwakha kunye nolwimi olukhulu lolwakhiwo.
  • Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengelitye lobungakanani.Isekelwe kwi-abrasions, ibe lilitye eliluncedo ngenxa yesakhiwo salo esamkela i-hard and glossy kunye ne-polish ukuthwala iintsimbi ezicacileyo.
  • Isetyenziswa kwizithuba zangaphakathi kwii-slabs zegranite ezikhazimlisiweyo, iithayile, iibhentshi, imigangatho yeethayile, izitepsi kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezisebenzayo kunye nezihombise.

Yangoku

  • Isetyenziselwa amatye engcwaba kunye nezikhumbuzo.
  • Isetyenziselwa iinjongo zomgangatho.
  • Iinjineli ngokwesiko zasebenzisa iipleyiti zangaphezulu ezikhazimlisiweyo zegranite ukwenza inqwelomoya yesalathiso kuba azinamanzi kwaye aziguquguquki.

Ukuveliswa kweGranite

Yembiwa kwihlabathi liphela kodwa uninzi lwemibala yangaphandle ithathwe kwiidiphozithi zegranite eBrazil, eIndiya, eTshayina, eFinland, eMzantsi Afrika naseMntla Melika.Lo msebenzi wokwembiwa kwamatye yimali eyinkunzi kunye nenkqubo yomsebenzi onzima.Iziqwenga zegranite zisuswa kwiidiphozithi ngokusika okanye ukutshiza imisebenzi.Izilayi ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukusika iziqwenga ezikhutshwe ngegranite kwiipleyiti eziphathwayo, ezithi ke zipakishwe kwaye zihanjiswe ngololiwe okanye ngeenkonzo zokuthumela ngenqanawa.I-China, i-Brazil kunye ne-Indiya zezona ziphambili ngabavelisi be-granite kwihlabathi.

Ukuqukumbela

  • Ilitye elaziwa ngokuba yi "granite emnyama" idla ngokuba yi-gabbro enemichiza eyahluke ngokupheleleyo.
  • Lelona litye lininzi kwi-Earth continental crust.Kwiindawo ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-batholiths kunye neendawo eziphambili zelizwekazi ezibizwa ngokuba ngamakhaka zifumaneka kumbindi weendawo ezininzi zeentaba.
  • Iikristale zeminerali zibonisa ukuba iphola kancinane ukusuka kwimathiriyeli yamatye atyhidiweyo ayilwe phantsi komphezulu womhlaba kwaye ifuna ixesha elide.
  • Ukuba i-granite ibonakale kumphezulu woMhlaba, ibangelwa kukunyuka kwamatye egranite kunye nokukhukuliseka kwamatye entlenga ngaphezulu kwawo.
  • Phantsi kwamatye entlenga, iigraniti, iigraniti ezimetamorphosed okanye amatye azalanayo akholisa ukuba ngaphantsi kwesi sigqubuthelo.Kamva zaziwa njengamatye angaphantsi.
  • Iinkcazo ezisetyenziselwa i-granite zihlala zikhokelela kunxibelelwano malunga nelitye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibangele ukudideka.Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iinkcazo ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo.Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokuchaza igranite.
  • Ikhosi elula ematyeni, kunye negranite, mica kunye neeminerali ze-amphibole, zingachazwa njengelitye elirhabaxa, elikhanyayo, elinamandla aquka i-feldspar kunye nequartz.
  • Ingcali yamatye iya kuchaza ukubunjwa ngokuchanekileyo kwelitye, kwaye uninzi lweengcali aziyi kusebenzisa igranite ukuchonga ilitye ngaphandle kokuba lidibana nepesenti ethile yeeminerali.Banokuyibiza ngokuba yi-alkaline granite, igranodiorite, i-pegmatite okanye i-aplite.
  • Inkcazo yorhwebo esetyenziswa ngabathengisi kunye nabathengi idla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamatye egranular anzima kune granite.Bangabiza i-granite ye-gabro, i-basalt, i-pegmatite, i-gneiss kunye namanye amatye amaninzi.
  • Ngokuqhelekileyo kuchazwa "njengelitye lobungakanani" elinokuthi linqunywe ubude, ububanzi kunye nobukhulu obuthile.
  • I-Granite yomelele ngokwaneleyo yokumelana nobuninzi be-abrasions, ubunzima obukhulu, ukumelana neemeko zemozulu kunye nokwamkela i-varnishes.Ilitye elinqweneleka kakhulu kwaye liluncedo.
  • Nangona ixabiso legranite liphezulu kakhulu kunexabiso lezinye izinto ezenziwe ngabantu kwiiprojekthi, ithathwa njengento ehloniphekileyo esetyenziselwa ukuphembelela abanye ngenxa yobuhle bayo, ukuqina kunye nomgangatho.

Sifumene kwaye savavanya izinto ezininzi zegranite, ulwazi oluthe kratya nceda undwendwele:Izinto zeGranite ezichanekileyo – ZHONGHUI INGCACISO YOKWENZA (JINAN) IQELA CO., LTD (zhhimg.com)

Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-09-2022