Kwihlabathi elinzima lokuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo, apho nokuba ukuphambuka kwe-micrometer kunokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko okanye ukusebenza, isixhobo esinye simi singenakuphikiswa njengesalathiso sokugqibela sokuchaneka: ipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite yebanga le-00. Ukusuka ekuhlolweni kwezixhobo zeenqwelo-moya ukuya kuvavanyo lokudinwa kweefreyimu zebhayisekile, la maqhekeza elitye enziwe ngobuchule aye aba ngamaqhawe angadunyiswanga obunjineli banamhlanje. Kodwa yintoni eyenza le nto yakudala—eyenziwe nzulu eMhlabeni kwiminyaka eyi-2000—ibaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yenkulungwane yama-21? Kwaye kutheni amashishini ukusuka kwiimoto ukuya kwimveliso ye-semiconductor exhomekeke kakhulu kwizixhobo zegranite kunezinye iindlela zesinyithi zemveli?
Isayensi Engasemva Kwelitye: Kutheni I-Granite Ilawula Ukulinganisa Okuchanekileyo
Ngaphantsi komphezulu ocwebezelayo wepleyiti nganye yomphezulu wegranite yebanga le-00 kukho umsebenzi wobugcisa wejoloji. Yenziwe ngokuqiniswa kancinci kwe-magma phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lweminerali yegranite—i-25-40% ye-quartz, i-35-50% ye-feldspar, kunye ne-5-15% ye-mica—yenza izinto ezineempawu ezingaqhelekanga. “Isakhiwo sekristale esidibeneyo seGranite sisinika uzinzo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto,” ucacisa uGqr. Elena Marchenko, isazinzulu sezinto kwiPrecision Metrology Institute. “Ngokungafaniyo nentsimbi ephothiweyo, enokugoba phantsi kokutshintsha kobushushu okanye ivelise ii-microcracks ngenxa yokudinwa yintsimbi, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwegranite luye lwancitshiswa ngokwendalo kwiminyaka eyi-1000.” Olu zinzo lubalwa kwi-ISO 8512-2:2011, umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe obeka ukunyamezelana okuthe tyaba kwiipleyiti zebanga le-00 kwi-≤3μm/m—malunga ne-1/20th yobubanzi beenwele zomntu kububanzi bemitha enye.
Iimpawu zomzimba zegranite zifundeka njengoluhlu lwezinto ezifunwa yinjineli yokuchaneka. Ngobunzima beRockwell obuyi-HS 70-80 kunye namandla okucinezela aqala kwi-2290-3750 kg/cm², idlula isinyithi esityhidiweyo nge-2-3 yokumelana nokuguguleka. Uxinano lwayo, oluchazwe kwi-≥2.65g/cm³ yi-ASTM C615, lubonelela ngokunciphisa ukungcangcazela okumangalisayo—okubalulekileyo kwiimilinganiselo ezibuthathaka apho nokujikeleza okuncinci kunokonakalisa idatha. Mhlawumbi okubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo zemetrology, igranite ayinamandla kwaye izinzile ngokobushushu, inomlinganiselo wokwandiswa omalunga ne-1/3 yentsimbi. “Kwiilabhoratri zethu zokuhlola i-semiconductor, ukuzinza kobushushu yinto yonke,” uphawula uMichael Chen, umphathi wolawulo lomgangatho kwiMicrochip Technologies. “Ipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite yebanga eli-00 igcina ubuthe tyaba bayo ngaphakathi kwe-0.5μm ngaphezulu kobushushu obuyi-10°C, into engenakwenzeka ngeepleyiti zesinyithi.”
Izinto Ezifakelweyo Ezinemisonto kunye Nobunyani Besakhiwo: I-Granite Yobunjineli Yokwenziwa Kwanamhlanje
Nangona igranite yendalo ibonelela ngesiseko esifanelekileyo sokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuyidibanisa nemisebenzi yemizi-mveliso kufuna ubunjineli obukhethekileyo. Izinto ezifakelwe ngemisonto—izibophelelo zesinyithi ezifakwe kwilitye—ziguqula iipleyiti zomphezulu ezingashukumiyo zibe ziindawo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo ezikwaziyo ukuqinisa izixhobo, iijigi, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa. “Umngeni ngegranite kukudala izincamathiselo ezikhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ubume bayo,” utshilo uJames Wilson, injineli yemveliso kwi-Unparalleled Group, umenzi ophambili wezinto zegranite. “Ngokungafaniyo nesinyithi, awunakucofa nje imisonto kwigranite. Indlela engalunganga iya kubangela ukuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka.”
Iinkqubo zokufaka imisonto zanamhlanje, njengezihlahla ze-KB ezizitshixayo ezivela kwi-AMA Stone, zisebenzisa umgaqo wokubambelela ngoomatshini endaweni yezincamathelisi. Ezi zixhobo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zinezithsaba ezinamazinyo eziluma kwi-granite xa zicinezelwe, zenze uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo olunokumelana nokutsalwa ukusuka kwi-1.1kN ukuya kwi-5.5kN kuxhomekeke kubukhulu. “Izixhobo zethu ze-M6 ezinezithsaba ezine zifikelela kwi-4.1kN yamandla okutsalwa kwi-granite eyi-12mm ubukhulu,” ucacisa uWilson. “Oko kwanele ukukhusela izixhobo zokuhlola ezinzima ngaphandle komngcipheko wokukhululeka ngokuhamba kwexesha.” Inkqubo yokufakela ibandakanya ukubhola imingxunya echanekileyo yedayimani (ngesiqhelo ububanzi be-12mm) kulandele ukucinezela okulawulwayo ngesando serabha—iindlela eziphuhliswe ukuthintela ukwaphuka koxinzelelo kwilitye.
Kwizicelo ezifuna uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo, abavelisi banikezela ngeepleyiti zomphezulu wegranite ezinee-T-slots—iitshaneli ezenziwe ngomatshini ochanekileyo ezivumela izixhobo zokutyibilika. Ezi slots ziqiniswe ngesinyithi zigcina ipleyiti ithambile ngelixa zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kokuseta okuntsonkothileyo. “Ipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite engama-24 x 36 intshi enee-T-slots iba yiplatifomu yokulinganisa yemodyuli,” utshilo uWilson. “Abathengi bethu beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa ezi zinto ukuhlola ii-turbine blades, apho kufuneka babeke ii-probes kwii-engile ezininzi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuchaneka kwesalathiso.”
Ukusuka kwiLabhoratri ukuya kwiMigca yeMveliso: Usetyenziso lweHlabathi lokwenyani lweeNxalenye zeGranite
Umlinganiselo wokwenene wexabiso legranite ukwimpembelelo yalo yokuguqula iinkqubo zokuvelisa. Kwimveliso yeebhayisekile, apho izinto ezikhaphukhaphu ezifana ne-carbon fiber zifuna uvavanyo oluqatha lokudinwa, iipleyiti zegranite zibonelela ngesiseko esizinzileyo sohlalutyo loxinzelelo olubalulekileyo. “Sivavanya iifreyimu ze-carbon fiber ngokusebenzisa imithwalo ejikelezayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200N kwimijikelo eyi-100,000,” ucacisa uSarah Lopez, injineli yovavanyo kwiTrek Bicycle Corporation. “Ifreyimu ifakwe kwipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite yebanga lesi-0 eneegauge zoxinzelelo. Ngaphandle kokuxinana kwepleyiti, singabona ukufundwa kokudinwa okungamanga okuvela kwi-resonance yomatshini.” Idatha yovavanyo lukaTrek ibonisa ukuba useto olusekelwe kwigranite lunciphisa ukwahluka komlinganiselo nge-18% xa kuthelekiswa neetafile zentsimbi, nto leyo ephucula ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kwemveliso.
Abavelisi beemoto ngokufanayo baxhomekeke kwi-granite ukuze bahlanganise ngokuchanekileyo. Isityalo se-BMW saseSpartanburg sisebenzisa iipleyiti zomphezulu we-granite ezingaphezu kwama-40 kwimveliso yenjini yaso, apho ziqinisekisa ukuba iintloko zesilinda zithe tyaba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2μm. “Umphezulu wokudibana kwentloko yesilinda kufuneka uvale ngokugqibeleleyo,” uphawula uKarl-Heinz Müller, umlawuli wobunjineli bokuvelisa be-BMW. “Umphezulu ogobileyo ubangela ukuvuza kweoyile okanye ukulahleka koxinzelelo. Iipleyiti zethu ze-granite zisinika ukuzithemba kokuba oko sikulinganisayo koko sikufumanayo kwinjini.” Imilinganiselo yomgangatho wesityalo ibonisa ukwehla kwama-23% kwizimangalo zewaranti ezinxulumene nokusilela kwe-head gasket emva kokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhlola ezisekwe kwi-granite.
Kwanakwiiteknoloji ezintsha ezifana nokuveliswa kwezinto ezongeziweyo, i-granite idlala indima ebalulekileyo. I-Protolabs isebenzisa iipleyiti zegranite zebanga le-00 ukulinganisa iiprinta zayo zoshishino, iqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yobukhulu kuzo zonke iivolumu zokwakha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-cubic meter enye. “Kushicilelo lwe-3D, ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunokushukuma ngenxa yemiphumo yobushushu,” utshilo unjineli wezicelo zeProtolabs uRyan Kelly. “Siprinta rhoqo into yokulinganisa kwaye siyihlole kwipleyiti yethu yegranite. Oku kusenza sikwazi ukulungisa nayiphi na intshukumo yomatshini ngaphambi kokuba ichaphazele iindawo zabathengi.” Le nkampani ibika ukuba le nkqubo igcina ukuchaneka kwenxalenye ngaphakathi kwe-±0.05mm kuzo zonke iindawo eziprintiweyo.
Amava oMsebenzisi: Kutheni iiNjineli Zikhetha iGranite kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla
Ngaphaya kweenkcukacha zobugcisa, iipleyiti zomphezulu wegranite zifumene udumo lwazo kwiminyaka emininzi yokusetyenziswa kwehlabathi lokwenyani. Uphononongo lwabathengi be-Amazon Industrial oluneenkwenkwezi ezi-4.8 lubonisa iingenelo ezisebenzayo ezihambelana noonjineli kunye neengcali. “Umphezulu ongenamibhobho utshintsha umdlalo kwiindawo zevenkile,” ubhala omnye umthengi oqinisekisiweyo. “Ioyile, isibandisi, kunye nolwelo lokucoca ziyacinywa ngaphandle kokufaka idayi—into iipleyiti zesinyithi ezenziwe ngentsimbi ezingenakuze ziyenze.” Omnye uphononongo uphawula iingenelo zokugcinwa: “Ndinale pleyiti kangangeminyaka esixhenxe, kwaye isagcina ulungelelwaniso. Akukho mhlwa, akukho peyinti, ndicoca nje ngamanye amaxesha ngesepha engathathi cala.”
Amava okuchukumisa okusebenza ngegranite nawo aphumelela ekuguquleni. Umphezulu wayo othambileyo nopholileyo ubonelela ngeqonga elizinzileyo lokulinganisa okuthambileyo, ngelixa ubuninzi bayo bendalo (ngesiqhelo buyi-2700-2850 kg/m³) buyinika amandla aqinisekisayo anciphisa intshukumo engalindelekanga. “Kukho isizathu sokuba iilebhu zemetrology zisebenzise igranite kangangezizukulwana,” utshilo uThomas Wright, umphathi wolawulo lomgangatho osethathe umhlala-phantsi onamava eminyaka engama-40. “Ayifuni ukusoloko isetyenziswa njengentsimbi ephosiweyo. Ungabeka i-precision gauge ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokukrwela umphezulu, kwaye utshintsho lobushushu evenkileni aluyiphazamisi imilinganiselo yakho.”
Kwabo baxhalabele ubunzima—ingakumbi ngeepleyiti ezinkulu—abavelisi banikezela ngezitendi ezicwangciswe ngokuchanekileyo ezenza kube lula ukuphatha ngelixa zigcina uzinzo. Ezi zitendi zihlala zineenkqubo zokuxhasa ezinamanqaku amahlanu ezinezikrufu zokulinganisa ezihlengahlengiswayo, ezivumela ukulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo nokuba zikwimigangatho yevenkile engalinganiyo. “Ipleyiti yethu engama-48 x 72 intshi inobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezili-1200,” utshilo uWilson we-Unparalleled Group. “Kodwa ngetendi elungileyo, abantu ababini banokuyilinganisa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30.” Izitendi zikwaphakamisa ipleyiti ibe kubude bokusebenza obukhululekileyo (ngesiqhelo zii-intshi ezingama-32-36), kunciphisa ukudinwa komqhubi ngexesha leeseshoni zokulinganisa ezinde.
Inzuzo Yokuzinza: I-Granite's Environmental Edge kwiMveliso
Kwixesha eligxile kakhulu ekuzinzeni, izinto zegranite zibonelela ngeengenelo ezingalindelekanga zokusingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye zesinyithi. Inkqubo yendalo yokwenziwa kwegranite isusa ukuveliswa kwamandla amaninzi afunekayo kwiipleyiti zesinyithi okanye zentsimbi. “Ukuvelisa ipleyiti yomphezulu wesinyithi kufuna ukunyibilikisa i-ore yesinyithi kwi-1500°C, nto leyo evelisa ukukhutshwa okukhulu kwe-CO2,” ucacisa unjineli wendalo uGqr. Lisa Wong weGreen Manufacturing Institute. “Iipleyiti zegranite, ngokwahlukileyo, zifuna kuphela ukusika, ukugaya, kunye nokupolisha—iinkqubo ezisebenzisa amandla angaphantsi ngama-70%.
Ixesha elide leGranite liphucula ngakumbi imeko yayo yokusingqongileyo. Ipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite egcinwe kakuhle inokuhlala isebenza iminyaka engama-30-50, xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka eli-10-15 kwiipleyiti zesinyithi ezityalwe ngumhlwa kunye nokuguguleka. “Uhlalutyo lwethu lubonisa ukuba iipleyiti zegranite zine-1/3 yempembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezinye iindlela zesinyithi,” utshilo uGqr. Wong. “Xa uqwalasela iindleko zokutshintshwa ezithintelweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukugcinwa, imeko yokuzinza iba yinto enomdla.”
Kwiinkampani ezilandela isiqinisekiso se-ISO 14001, izinto zegranite zinegalelo kwiinjongo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo, kubandakanya ukunciphisa inkunkuma evela kwizixhobo zokulungisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kolawulo lwemozulu. “Uzinzo lobushushu lweGranite luthetha ukuba singagcina ilebhu yethu ye-metrology kwi-22±2°C endaweni ye-20±0.5°C efunekayo kwiipleyiti zesinyithi,” uphawula uMichael Chen weMicrochip. “Ukuba ukunyamezelana okubanzi kwe-1.5°C kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ethu e-HVAC nge-18% ngonyaka.”
Ukwenza Ityala: Nini Ukutyala imali kwiGranite yeBanga 00 vs. iGranite yeBanga loRhwebo
Njengoko amaxabiso eqala kwi-$500 kwiipleyiti ezincinci ze-B ukuya kwi-$10,000 kwiipleyiti zelebhu ezinkulu ze-00, ukukhetha ipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite efanelekileyo kufuna ukulinganisela iimfuno zokuchaneka ngokuchasene nemida yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Isitshixo kukuqonda indlela iimfuno zokuchaneka eziguqulela ngayo ukusebenza kwehlabathi lokwenyani. “Ibanga 00 libalulekile kwiilebhu zokulinganisa apho uqinisekisa iibhloko ze-gage okanye umisela imigangatho ephambili,” ucebisa uWilson. “Kodwa ivenkile yoomatshini ehlola iindawo ezisetyenzisiweyo inokufuna ibakala A kuphela, elinika ubucaba ngaphakathi kwe-6μm/m—ngaphezulu kokwaneleyo kwiitshekhi ezininzi zobukhulu.”
I-matrix yesigqibo idla ngokuwela kwizinto ezintathu: iimfuno zokungaqiniseki zokulinganisa, uzinzo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nobomi benkonzo obulindelekileyo. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-semiconductor wafer, apho kufuneka ukuchaneka kwinqanaba le-nanometer, utyalo-mali kwibanga le-00 alunakuphepheka. “Sisebenzisa iipleyiti zebanga le-00 kwiinkqubo zethu zokulungelelanisa i-lithography,” uqinisekisa uChen. “Ukuthe tyaba kwe-±0.5μm kunegalelo ngokuthe ngqo kubuchule bethu bokuprinta iisekethe ze-7nm.”
Kwimveliso eqhelekileyo, iipleyiti zebanga A zibonelela ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Ezi zigcina ukuqina ngaphakathi kwe-6μm/m kumgama wemitha e-1—ngaphezulu kokwaneleyo ukujonga izinto zeemoto okanye izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi. “Iipleyiti zethu zebanga A ezingama-24 x 36 intshi ziqala kwi-$1,200,” utshilo uWilson. “Kwivenkile yemisebenzi eyenza uhlolo lwenqaku lokuqala, oko kuncinci kakhulu kunexabiso lomatshini wokulinganisa odibeneyo, kodwa sisiseko sazo zonke izilinganiso zabo ezenziwe ngesandla.”
Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Ekugcinweni: Ukugcina Ubuchule BeGranite Kangangeminyaka Elishumi
Nangona igranite ihlala ixesha elide ngokwemvelo, ukugcinwa kwayo ngendlela efanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze ihlale icocekile. Iintshaba eziphambili zizinto ezingcolisayo, ukuchitheka kweekhemikhali, kunye nokuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga. “Impazamo enkulu endiyibonayo kukusebenzisa izicoci ezirhabaxa okanye uboya bentsimbi,” ulumkisa uWilson. “Oko kunokukrwela umphezulu ocoliweyo kwaye kudale amabala aphezulu awonakalisa imilinganiselo.” Endaweni yoko, abavelisi bacebisa izicoci ezingathathi cala ze-pH ezenzelwe ngokukodwa igranite, njenge-SPI's 15-551-5 surface plate cleaner, esusa iioyile kunye nezinto ezipholileyo ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokonakalisa ilitye.
Ukunyamekela imihla ngemihla kubandakanya ukusula umphezulu ngelaphu elingenayo ilinti kunye nesepha ethambileyo, kulandele ukomisa kakuhle ukuthintela amabala amanzi. Kwingcoliseko enzima njengolwelo lwe-hydraulic, intlama ye-baking soda kunye namanzi inokukhupha iioyile ngaphandle kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi. “Siqeqesha abaqhubi ukuba baphathe ipleyiti yegranite njengesixhobo esichanekileyo,” utshilo uLopez kwiTrek Bicycle. “Akukho zixhobo zokubeka phantsi ngqo, sebenzisa umata ococekileyo rhoqo, kwaye ugqume ipleyiti xa ingasetyenziswa.”
Ukulinganiswa rhoqo—ngokuqhelekileyo minyaka le kwiindawo zemveliso kunye nokuhlolwa kabini ngonyaka kwiilebhu—kuqinisekisa ukuba ipleyiti igcina iinkcukacha zayo zokuthamba. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ii-interferometers ze-laser okanye ii-flats ze-optical ukulinganisa ukuphambuka komphezulu. “Ukulinganiswa kobuchwephesha kubiza i-$200-300 kodwa kuthatha imiba ngaphambi kokuba ichaphazele umgangatho wemveliso,” ucebisa uWilson. Uninzi lwabavelisi lunikezela ngeenkonzo zokulinganisa ezilandelelwa ngokwemigangatho ye-NIST, zibonelela ngamaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze kuthotyelwe i-ISO 9001.
Ikamva Lokuchaneka: Ubuchule kwiTekhnoloji yeGranite
Njengoko ukunyamezelana kwemveliso kuqhubeka kuncipha, itekhnoloji yegranite iyatshintsha ukuze ihlangabezane nemingeni emitsha. Izinto ezintsha zamva nje ziquka izakhiwo zegranite ezidityanisiweyo—ilitye eliqiniswe ngefayibha yekhabhoni ukuze kuqiniswe ngakumbi—kunye nee-sensor arrays ezidityanisiweyo ezijonga ubushushu bomphezulu kunye nokuba tyaba ngexesha langempela. “Siphuhlisa iipleyiti zegranite ezikrelekrele ezine-thermocouples ezifakwe ngaphakathi,” utyhila uWilson. “Ezi ziza kwazisa abaqhubi nge-gradients zobushushu ezinokuchaphazela imilinganiselo, zibonelele ngolunye umaleko wokuqinisekisa umgangatho.”
Ukuqhubela phambili kwimishini yokugaya izinto kukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwegranite ngaphaya kweepleyiti zomphezulu zemveli. Iziko lokugaya izinto ze-CNC ezine-axis ezi-5 ngoku zivelisa izinto zegranite ezintsonkothileyo ezifana neebhentshi ze-optical kunye neziseko zezixhobo zomatshini ezinee-tolerances ezazigcinelwe ngaphambili iindawo zesinyithi. “Iziseko zethu zomatshini wegranite zinokunciphisa ukungcangcazela okungcono ngama-30% kunee-cast iron equivalent,” utshilo uWilson. “Oku kuvumela iziko lokugaya izinto ukuba lifezekise ukugqitywa komphezulu okucokisekileyo kwiindawo ezichanekileyo.”
Mhlawumbi eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukufumana i-granite ephinda isetyenziswe kwimveliso ezinzileyo. Iinkampani ziphuhlisa iinkqubo zokubuyisela amatye amdaka kwiindawo zokumba kunye neevenkile zokwenza izinto, ziwaguqula abe ziipleyiti ezichanekileyo ngokusebenzisa i-resin bonding ephucukileyo. “Ezi zixhobo ze-granite eziphinda isetyenziswe zigcina i-85% yokusebenza kwe-granite yendalo ngexabiso eliphantsi ngama-40%,” utshilo uGqr. Wong. “Sibona umdla kubavelisi beemoto abafuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo kwindalo esingqongileyo.”
Isiphelo: Kutheni iGranite Ihlala Isisiseko Sokwenziwa Kwemveliso Ngobuchule
Kwihlabathi elilawulwa ngakumbi bubuchwepheshe bedijithali, ukubaluleka okuhlala ixesha elide kweepleyiti zomphezulu wegranite kuthetha indima yazo ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kokulinganisa. Ukususela kwiipleyiti zebanga 00 ezilinganisa izixhobo ezakha ii-smartphones zethu ukuya kwiipleyiti zebanga B ezihlola izinto zebhayisekile kwiivenkile zasekuhlaleni, igranite ibonelela ngereferensi engatshintshiyo apho kugwetywa khona konke ukuchaneka. Indibaniselwano yayo eyahlukileyo yozinzo lwendalo, iipropati zoomatshini, kunye nobude bexesha elide yenza ukuba ingabi nakutshintshwa kwimveliso yanamhlanje.
Njengoko amashishini eqhubela phambili ekunyamezeleni okuqinileyo nakwiifektri ezikrelekrele, izinto zegranite ziya kuqhubeka zitshintsha—zidityaniswa ne-automation, ii-sensors, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha ngelixa zigcina uzinzo lwejoloji oluzenza zibe luncedo kangaka. “Ikamva lokuvelisa lakhelwe kwixesha elidlulileyo,” utshilo uWilson. “IGranite ibithembekile kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, kwaye ngezinto ezintsha ezintsha, iya kuhlala iyindlela yegolide yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kangangeminyaka emininzi ezayo.”
Kwiinjineli, abaphathi bomgangatho, kunye neengcali zokuvelisa ezifuna ukuphakamisa amandla azo okulinganisa, umyalezo ucacile: ukutyala imali kwipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite ekumgangatho ophezulu akupheleli nje ekuthengeni isixhobo—kumalunga nokumisela isiseko sokugqwesa esiya kuzisa imbuyekezo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Njengoko omnye umhlalutyi weAmazon etshilo ngokufutshane: “Awuthengi nje ipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite. Utyala imali kwiminyaka emininzi yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, uhlolo oluthembekileyo, kunye nokuzithemba kokuvelisa.” Kwishishini apho ukuchaneka kuchazwa khona impumelelo, olo lutyalo-mali oluhlala luhlawula izabelo.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-27-2025