Namhlanje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini le-semiconductor, uvavanyo lwe-IC, njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweetships, ukuchaneka kwayo kunye nokuzinza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinga lemveliso yeetships kunye nokukhuphisana kweshishini. Njengoko inkqubo yokuvelisa iitships iqhubeka isiya phambili ukuya kwi-3nm, 2nm kunye nama-node aphucukileyo ngakumbi, iimfuno zezinto eziphambili kwizixhobo zovavanyo lwe-IC ziya zisiba nzima ngakumbi. Iziseko zegranite, ezineempawu zazo ezizodwa kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza, ziye zaba "liqabane legolide" eliyimfuneko kwizixhobo zovavanyo lwe-IC. Yeyiphi ingqiqo yobugcisa esemva koku?
I. "Ukungakwazi Ukujongana" Neziseko Zemveli
Ngexesha lenkqubo yovavanyo lwe-IC, izixhobo kufuneka zibone ngokuchanekileyo ukusebenza kombane kwee-chip pin, ukuthembeka kwesignali, njl.njl. kwi-nanoscale. Nangona kunjalo, iziseko zesinyithi zemveli (ezifana nesinyithi esityhidiweyo kunye nentsimbi) ziye zaveza iingxaki ezininzi kwizicelo ezisebenzayo.
Kwelinye icala, i-coefficient yokwanda kobushushu bezinto zesinyithi iphezulu kakhulu, idla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-10×10⁻⁶/℃. Ubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo zovavanyo lwe-IC okanye utshintsho oluncinci kubushushu obuphakathi bunokubangela ukwanda okukhulu kobushushu kunye nokucutheka kwesiseko sesinyithi. Umzekelo, isiseko sesinyithi esibubude bemitha e-1 sinokukhula kwaye sicutheke ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100μm xa ubushushu butshintsha nge-10℃. Olu tshintsho lunobukhulu obaneleyo ukulungelelanisa i-test probe kunye nee-chip pin, okubangela ukudibana okubi kwaye emva koko kubangele ukugqwetheka kwedatha yovavanyo.
Kwelinye icala, ukusebenza kodamping kwesiseko sesinyithi akulunganga, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa ngokukhawuleza amandla okungcangcazela aveliswa kukusebenza kwesixhobo. Kwimeko yovavanyo lwesignali olusebenzisa amaxesha amaninzi, i-micro-oscillation eqhubekayo iya kungenisa ingxolo enkulu, nto leyo eyandisa impazamo yovavanyo lokuthembeka kwesignali ngaphezulu kwama-30%. Ukongeza, izixhobo zesinyithi zinobuthathaka obuphezulu bemagnethi kwaye zinobuhlobo bokudibana nemiqondiso ye-electromagnetic yezixhobo zovavanyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kombane we-eddy kunye nemiphumo ye-hysteresis, ephazamisana nokuchaneka kokulinganisa okuchanekileyo.
Ii. "Amandla Aqinileyo" eZiseko zeGranite
Uzinzo olupheleleyo lobushushu, olubeka isiseko sokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo
I-Granite yenziwe ngokudityaniswa okuqinileyo kweekristale zeminerali ezifana ne-quartz kunye ne-feldspar ngokusebenzisa iibhondi ze-ionic kunye ne-covalent. I-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kobushushu iphantsi kakhulu, yi-0.6-5×10⁻⁶/℃ kuphela, emalunga ne-1/2-1/20 yeyokwizinto zesinyithi. Nokuba ubushushu butshintsha nge-10℃, ukwanda kunye nokucutheka kwesiseko se-granite esibude bemitha e-1 kungaphantsi kwe-50nm, phantse kufikelelwe "kwi-zero deformation". Okwangoku, i-thermal conductivity ye-granite yi-2-3 W/(m · K kuphela), engaphantsi kwe-1/20 yeyokwisinyithi. Ingathintela ngempumelelo ukuqhutywa kobushushu kwezixhobo, igcine ubushushu bomphezulu wesiseko bufana, kwaye iqinisekise ukuba i-test probe kunye ne-chip zihlala zigcina indawo ehambelanayo.
2. Uxinzelelo olunamandla kakhulu lokungcangcazela ludala imeko-bume yovavanyo ezinzileyo
Iziphene ezikhethekileyo zekristale kunye nesakhiwo sokutyibilika komda weenkozo ngaphakathi kwegranite zisinika amandla ombane aqinileyo okusasaza amandla, kunye nomlinganiselo wokudambisa ofikelela kwi-0.3-0.5, ongaphezulu kwezihlandlo ezithandathu kunesiseko sesinyithi. Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba phantsi koxinzelelo lokungcangcazela lwe-100Hz, ixesha lokuncitshiswa kokungcangcazela kwesiseko segranite yimizuzwana eyi-0.1 kuphela, ngelixa elo lesiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo yimizuzwana eyi-0.8. Oku kuthetha ukuba isiseko segranite sinokucinezela ngoko nangoko ukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukuqalisa nokuvala kwezixhobo, iimpembelelo zangaphandle, njl.njl., kwaye silawule ubukhulu bokungcangcazela kweqonga lovavanyo ngaphakathi kwe-±1μm, sibonelela ngesiqinisekiso esizinzileyo sokubeka iiprobe ze-nanoscale.
3. Iipropati zendalo zokulwa nemagnethi, ezisusa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic
I-Granite yinto enemibala eqaqambileyo enobunzima bemagnethi obumalunga ne--10 ⁻⁵. Ii-electron zangaphakathi zikhona ngababini ngaphakathi kweebhondi zeekhemikhali kwaye azikaze zihlukaniswe ziintsimi zemagnethi zangaphandle. Kwindawo enamandla yemagnethi ye-10mT, amandla emagnethi abangelwayo kumphezulu wegranite angaphantsi kwe-0.001mT, ngelixa lawo aphezu kwesinyithi esityhidiweyo aphezulu ngaphezu kwe-8mT. Le propati yendalo yokulwa nemagnethi inokudala indawo yokulinganisa ecocekileyo yezixhobo zovavanyo lwe-IC, iyikhusele ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle efana neemoto zeworkshop kunye nemiqondiso ye-RF. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiimeko zokuvavanya ezinovakalelo olukhulu kwingxolo ye-electromagnetic, njengee-quantum chips kunye nee-ADCs/Dacs ezichanekileyo kakhulu.
Okwesithathu, ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kuye kwafumana iziphumo ezimangalisayo
Iindlela zokusebenza zamashishini amaninzi e-semiconductor zibonise ngokupheleleyo ixabiso leziseko ze-granite. Emva kokuba umenzi wezixhobo zokuvavanya i-semiconductor odumileyo kwihlabathi liphela amkele isiseko se-granite kwiqonga lakhe lokuvavanya i-5G chip ephezulu, ifumene iziphumo ezimangalisayo: ukuchaneka kokubekwa kwekhadi le-probe kunyuke ukusuka kwi-±5μm ukuya kwi-±1μm, ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwedatha yovavanyo kwehle nge-70%, kwaye izinga lokugweba kakubi lovavanyo olunye lehle kakhulu ukusuka kwi-0.5% ukuya kwi-0.03%. Okwangoku, isiphumo sokunciphisa ukungcangcazela siyamangalisa. Izixhobo zinokuqala uvavanyo ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba ukungcangcazela kubole, zinciphise umjikelo wovavanyo olunye nge-20% kwaye zonyuse amandla emveliso yonyaka ngaphezulu kwe-3 yezigidi zeewafers. Ukongeza, isiseko se-granite sinobomi obungaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 kwaye asifuni kugcinwa rhoqo. Xa kuthelekiswa neziseko zesinyithi, iindleko zaso zizonke zincitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-50%.
Okwesine, ukuziqhelanisa neendlela zoshishino kunye nokukhokela ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yokuvavanya
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokupakisha ephucukileyo (njengeChiplet) kunye nokukhula kwamasimi asakhulayo njengee-chips ze-quantum computing, iimfuno zokusebenza kwesixhobo kuvavanyo lwe-IC ziya kuqhubeka zikhula. Iziseko zegranite nazo zihlala zivelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye ziphucula. Ngokusebenzisa unyango lokugquma umphezulu ukuphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka okanye ngokuhlanganisa ne-piezoelectric ceramics ukufezekisa imbuyekezo esebenzayo yokungcangcazela kunye nezinye iimpumelelo zobuchwepheshe, ziya kwicala elichanekileyo nelikrelekrele. Kwixesha elizayo, isiseko segranite siya kuqhubeka nokukhusela ubuchule bobuchwephesha boshishino lwe-semiconductor kunye nophuhliso oluphezulu "lwee-chips zaseTshayina" ngokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo.
Ukukhetha isiseko segranite kuthetha ukukhetha isisombululo sovavanyo lwe-IC esichanekileyo, esizinzileyo nesisebenzayo. Nokuba luvavanyo lwenkqubo oluphambili lwangoku lwe-chip okanye uphando lwexesha elizayo lwetekhnoloji yanamhlanje, isiseko segranite siya kudlala indima engenakutshintshwa nebalulekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-15-2025