Namhlanje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini le-semiconductor, uvavanyo lwe-IC, njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwee-chips, ukuchaneka kwayo kunye nokuzinza kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinga lesivuno se-chips kunye nokukhuphisana kweshishini. Njengoko inkqubo yokwenziwa kwetshiphu iqhubela phambili ukuya kwi-3nm, 2nm kunye neendawo eziphambili kakhulu, iimfuno zamacandelo aphambili kwizixhobo zovavanyo lwe-IC ziya ziba ngqongqo ngakumbi. Iziseko zegranite, ezineempawu zazo ezizodwa kunye nezibonelelo zokusebenza, ziye zaba "iqabane legolide" eliyimfuneko kwizixhobo zovavanyo lwe-IC. Yeyiphi ingqiqo yobugcisa esemva koku?
I. "Ukungakwazi ukujamelana" neZiseko zeMveli
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuvavanya i-IC, izixhobo kufuneka zichonge ngokuchanekileyo ukusebenza kombane we-chip pins, intembeko yesignali, njl. kwi-nanoscale. Nangona kunjalo, iziseko zesinyithi zendabuko (ezifana nentsimbi kunye nentsimbi) ziye zabonisa iingxaki ezininzi kwizicelo eziphathekayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal yezinto zetsimbi iphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ingaphezulu kwe-10 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Ubushushu obuveliswe ngexesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo zovavanyo lwe-IC okanye utshintsho oluncinci kwiqondo lobushushu obukhoyo lunokubangela ukwanda kwe-thermal kunye nokucutheka kwesiseko sesinyithi. Umzekelo, isiseko sentsimbi esiziimitha ezi-1 ubude sinokwandisa kwaye sinciphise ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100μm xa ubushushu buguquka nge-10℃. Olo tshintsho lwe-dimensional lwanele ukulungelelanisa iprobe yovavanyo kunye nezikhonkwane zetshiphu, okukhokelela kuqhagamshelwano olubi kwaye emva koko kubangele ukugqwethwa kwedatha yovavanyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusebenza kwe-damping yesiseko setsimbi kubi, okwenza kube nzima ukukhawuleza ukusebenzisa amandla okungcangcazela okwenziwa kukusebenza kwezixhobo. Kwimeko yokuvavanya umqondiso we-high-frequency signal, i-micro-oscillation eqhubekayo iya kwazisa inani elikhulu lengxolo, ikhulise impazamo yovavanyo lwengqibelelo yomqondiso ngaphezu kwe-30%. Ukongeza, izinto zetsimbi zinobunzima obuphezulu bemagneti kwaye ziqhele ukudibanisa kunye neempawu ze-electromagnetic zesixhobo sovavanyo, okukhokelela kwilahleko yangoku ye-eddy kunye neziphumo ze-hysteresis, eziphazamisana nokuchaneka kwemilinganiselo echanekileyo.
Ii. I "Hardcore Strength" yeziseko zeGranite
Uzinzo lokugqibela lwe-thermal, ukubeka isiseko somlinganiselo ochanekileyo
I-Granite yenziwe ngokudityaniswa okuqinileyo kweekristale zamaminerali ezifana ne-quartz kunye ne-feldspar ngokusebenzisa i-ionic kunye ne-covalent bonds. I-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal iphantsi kakhulu, kuphela i-0.6-5×10⁻⁶/℃, emalunga ne-1/2-1/20 yezinto zensimbi. Nokuba iqondo lobushushu litshintsha nge-10℃, ukwandiswa kunye nokucutheka kwesiseko segranite esibude obuziimitha ezi-1 singaphantsi kwe-50nm, siphantse safikelela kwi-"zero deformation". Okwangoku, i-thermal conductivity ye-granite yi-2-3 W / (m · K kuphela), engaphantsi kwe-1/20 yesinyithi. Inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuqhutyelwa kokushisa kwezixhobo, gcina ubushushu bomphezulu we-uniform yesiseko, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uvavanyo lokuvavanya kunye ne-chip luhlala luhlala luhlala luhlala luhambelana.
2. Uxinzelelo lwe-vibration olunamandla kakhulu ludala indawo yovavanyo oluzinzileyo
Iziphene ezikhethekileyo zekristale kunye nesakhiwo sokutyibilika komda wengqolowa ngaphakathi kwegranite inika amandla anamandla okutshatyalaliswa kwamandla, kunye nomlinganiselo wokudambisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.3-0.5, ephindwe kathandathu kunesiseko sesinyithi. Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba phantsi kwe-vibration excitation ye-100Hz, ixesha lokunciphisa i-vibration yesiseko se-granite kuphela imizuzwana eyi-0.1, ngelixa i-cast iron base imizuzwana eyi-0.8. Oku kuthetha ukuba isiseko se-granite sinokucinezela ngokukhawuleza ukunyakaza okubangelwa ukuqaliswa kwezixhobo kunye nokuvalwa, iimpembelelo zangaphandle, njl.
3. Iimpawu zendalo ze-anti-magnetic, ukuphelisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic
I-Granite yimathiriyeli ye-diamagnetic ene-susceptibility magnetic malunga -10 ⁻⁵. Ii-elektroni zangaphakathi zikhona ngambini ngaphakathi kweebhondi zekhemikhali kwaye phantse azinakwahlulwa yimagnethi yangaphandle. Kwimekobume yemagnethi eyomeleleyo ye-10mT, ukuqina kommandla wemagnethi owenziweyo kumphezulu wegranite ungaphantsi kwe-0.001mT, ngelixa umphezulu wentsimbi etyhidiweyo uphezulu ngaphezu kwe-8mT. Le propati yendalo ye-anti-magnetic inokudala imeko-bume yomlinganiselo ococekileyo wesixhobo sovavanyo lwe-IC, ukuyikhusela kuphazamiseko lwangaphandle lombane olunjengeemotho zokusebenzela kunye nemiqondiso yeRF. Ilungele ngakumbi iimeko zokuvavanya ezibuthathaka kakhulu kwingxolo ye-electromagnetic, enje ngeetshiphusi zequantum kunye nee-ADCs/Dacs ezichanekileyo.
Okwesithathu, ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kuzuze iziphumo eziphawulekayo
Iinkqubo zamashishini amaninzi e-semiconductor abonise ngokupheleleyo ixabiso leziseko zegranite. Emva kokuba umenzi wezixhobo zokuvavanya i-semiconductor owaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele wamkela isiseko segranite kwiqonga eliphezulu lovavanyo lwe-5G, lifumene iziphumo ezimangalisayo: ukuchaneka kwendawo yekhadi lokuhlola kunyuke ukusuka ku-± 5μm ukuya ku-± 1μm, ukutenxa komgangatho wedatha yovavanyo kwehle nge-70%, kwaye inqanaba lovavanyo olungalunganga. Okwangoku, i-vibration ye-vibration effect iyamangalisa. Isixhobo sinokuqalisa uvavanyo ngaphandle kokulinda ukungcangcazela ukubola, sinciphise umjikelo wovavanyo olunye ngama-20% kunye nokwandisa umthamo wonyaka wemveliso ngaphezulu kwe-3 yezigidi zeewafers. Ukongeza, isiseko segranite sinobomi obungaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10 kwaye ayifuni kugcinwa rhoqo. Xa kuthelekiswa neziseko zetsimbi, iindleko zayo ziphela ziyancipha ngaphezu kwe-50%.
Okwesine, ukulungelelanisa neendlela zoshishino kunye nokukhokelela ekuphuculweni kobuchwepheshe bokuvavanya
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokupakisha ephezulu (efana neChiplet) kunye nokunyuka kwamasimi asakhulayo afana ne-quantum computing chips, iimfuno zokusebenza kwesixhobo kuvavanyo lwe-IC ziya kuqhubeka nokunyuka. Iziseko zeGranite nazo zihlala zivelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye ziphucula. Ngonyango lokugquma komhlaba ukomeleza ukumelana nokunxitywa okanye ngokudibanisa neeseramikhi zepiezoelectric ukuphumeza imbuyekezo esebenzayo yokungcangcazela kunye nezinye iimpumelelo zetekhnoloji, zisiya kwicala elichaneke ngakumbi nelikrelekrele. Kwixesha elizayo, isiseko segranite siya kuqhubeka nokukhusela iteknoloji entsha kwishishini le-semiconductor kunye nophuhliso oluphezulu lwe "chips zaseTshayina" kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo.
Ukukhetha isiseko segranite kuthetha ukukhetha isisombululo sovavanyo lwe-IC esichanekileyo, esizinzile kunye nesisebenzayo. Nokuba luvavanyo lwetshiphu oluqhubela phambili lwangoku okanye luphononongo lwexesha elizayo lobuchwephesha bokusika, isiseko segranite siya kudlala indima engenakuphinda ithathelwe indawo nebalulekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-15-2025