Kwinkalo ye-metrology ephezulu, ukuchaneka ngumgaqo ongundoqo wokulinganisa ixabiso lezixhobo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-95% yezixhobo zokulinganisa iimitha eziphezulu ziye zalahla iziseko zentsimbi yentsimbi kwaye endaweni yoko zamkela iziseko zegranite. Emva kolu tshintsho lweshishini kukho impumelelo yetekhnoloji eziswe ziimpawu ze-nano-level zokudambisa iziseko zegranite. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ngokunzulu izibonelelo ezizodwa zeziseko zegranite kwaye lityhile imfihlakalo emva kokuba "yintandokazi entsha" yezixhobo zokulinganisa iimitha eziphezulu.
Ukulinganiselwa kweziseko zentsimbi: Kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemitha ephezulu
Intsimbi yentsimbi yayikhe yaba yeyona nto iphambili kwisiseko sesixhobo sokulinganisa kwaye yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza ngokulula. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko eziphakamileyo zokulinganisa, ukulinganiselwa kwentsimbi yentsimbi kuya kuba yinto ephawulekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-iron cast inozinzo olubi lwe-thermal, kunye ne-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal ephezulu njenge-11-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Xa izixhobo zivelisa ubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza okanye utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa elisezantsi, luxhomekeke kwi-thermal deformation, okubangelwa ukuphambuka kwereferensi yokulinganisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwentsimbi etyhidiweyo lune-pores microscopic, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kwe-vibration damping akwanelanga, okwenza ukuba ingakwazi ukuxhamla ngokufanelekileyo ukuphazamiseka kokungcangcazela kwangaphandle. Xa ukusebenza kwezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nokuhamba kwezithuthi kwi-workshop kuvelisa i-vibrations, isiseko sensimbi esityhidiweyo siya kuhambisa ukunyakaza kwisixhobo sokulinganisa, kubangela ukuguquguquka kwedatha yokulinganisa kunye nokwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kwinqanaba le-nanometer kunye ne-micrometer.
Iimpawu zokudambisa iNanoscale kwiziseko zegranite: Isiqinisekiso esingundoqo somlinganiselo ochanekileyo
I-Granite lilitye lendalo elenziwe ngenkqubo ye-geological kumakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Iikristale zayo zangaphakathi zamaminerali zihlangene kwaye isakhiwo sayo sixinene kwaye siyafana, sisinika iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zokudambisa i-nano-scale. Xa ii-vibrations zangaphandle zithunyelwa kwisiseko se-granite, i-microstructure yayo yangaphakathi inokuguqula ngokukhawuleza amandla okugubha kumandla obushushu, ukufezekisa ukuthotywa okusebenzayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi etyhidiweyo, ixesha lokuphendula le-vibration yeziseko zegranite lifinyezwa ngaphezu kwe-80%, kwaye banokubuyela kwisimo esizinzile ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphepha impembelelo ye-vibration ekuchanekeni komlinganiselo wezixhobo zokulinganisa.
Ukusuka kumbono we-microscopic, i-crystal structure ye-granite iqulethe inani elikhulu lemida yeenkozo ezincinci kunye neengqungquthela zamaminerali, kwaye ezi mpawu zesakhiwo zenza "inethiwekhi yokufunxa i-vibration". Xa amaza okungcangcazela esasazeka ngaphakathi kwegranite, aya kungqubana, abonakalise kwaye asasaze ngale mida yeenkozo kunye namasuntswana amaxesha amaninzi. Amandla e-vibration ahlala esetyenziswa kule nkqubo, ngaloo ndlela efezekisa umphumo wokudambisa i-vibration. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba isiseko segranite sinokunciphisa i-vibration amplitude ukuya ngaphantsi kweyeshumi ye-original, ukubonelela ngemeko ezinzileyo yokulinganisa izixhobo zokulinganisa.
Olunye uncedo lweziseko zegranite: Ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno eziphezulu
Ukongeza kwiipropathi zayo ezibalaseleyo zokudambisa i-nanoscale, isiseko segranite sineenzuzo ezininzi, nto leyo esenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwisixhobo sokulinganisa iimitha eziphezulu. I-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal iphantsi kakhulu, kuphela i-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃, kwaye iphantse ingathinteki ngokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa. Inokugcina ubungakanani obuzinzileyo kunye nokuma phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwereferensi yokulinganisa. Okwangoku, i-granite inobunzima obuphezulu (ngobunzima be-Mohs be-6-7) kunye nokuxhatshazwa okunamandla. Nasemva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, umphezulu wayo usenokugcina imeko yeplani echanekileyo, ukunciphisa ukuphindaphindwa kokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokulinganisa. Ukongezelela, i-granite ineekhemikhali ezizinzile kwaye ayigungxulwa lula yi-acidic okanye i-alkaline substances, eyenza ifaneleke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso.
Inkqubo yoshishino iqinisekise ixabiso eligqwesileyo leziseko zegranite
Kwintsimi yokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor, ubukhulu beetshiphusi bungene kwixesha le-nanoscale, kwaye iimfuno ezichanekileyo zezixhobo ze-metrology ziphezulu kakhulu. Emva kokuba ishishini le-semiconductor lamazwe ngamazwe elaziwayo lithathe indawo yesixhobo sokulinganisa i-metering ngesiseko sesinyithi esinesiseko se-granite, impazamo yokulinganisa iyancipha ukusuka ku-± 5μm ukuya ku-± 0.5μm, kwaye izinga lokuvelisa imveliso linyuke nge-12%. Kwintsimi ye-aerospace, izixhobo ze-metrology eziphezulu ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubume kunye nokunyamezela isikhundla samacandelo, emva kokwamkela iziseko ze-granite, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka kwe-vibration, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokulungiswa kwamacandelo abalulekileyo anjengama-injini e-aircraft blades kunye neefreyimu ze-fuselage, kunye nokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esinamandla sokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso ze-aerospace.
Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweemfuno zokuchaneka komlinganiselo kwishishini lemveliso ephezulu, iziseko zegranite, kunye neempawu zabo zokudambisa i-nano-scale kunye neenzuzo ezibanzi zokusebenza, zihlaziya imigangatho yobugcisa yezixhobo zokulinganisa. Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwigranite ayikona nje ukuphuculwa kwezinto; ikwalutshintsho lweshishini oluqhubela itekhnoloji yomlinganiselo ochanekileyo ukuya kubude obutsha.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-13-2025