Kwicandelo le-metrology ekumgangatho ophezulu, ukuchaneka yeyona nto iphambili ekulinganiseni ixabiso lezixhobo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ama-95% ezixhobo zokulinganisa eziphezulu ziye zashiya iziseko zesinyithi zemveli zaza endaweni yoko zamkela iziseko zegranite. Emva kolu tshintsho lweshishini kukho inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ezibangelwe ziimpawu zokunciphisa umgangatho weziseko zegranite. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ngokunzulu iingenelo ezikhethekileyo zeziseko zegranite kwaye lityhile imfihlakalo engasemva kokuba "zithandwa kakhulu" zezixhobo zokulinganisa eziphezulu.
Imida yeziseko zesinyithi esityhidiweyo: Kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokulinganisa eziphezulu
Isinyithi esitshisiweyo sakha saba yinto ephambili kwisiseko sezixhobo zokulinganisa kwaye sasisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yeendleko zaso eziphantsi kunye nokucutshungulwa okulula. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko zokulinganisa eziphezulu, imida yesinyithi esitshisiweyo iya isanda. Kwelinye icala, isinyithi esitshisiweyo sinozinzo olubi lobushushu, kunye ne-coefficient yokwandisa ubushushu ephezulu njenge-11-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Xa izixhobo zivelisa ubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza okanye ubushushu obujikelezayo butshintsha, zichaphazeleka kukuguquguquka kobushushu, okubangela ukuphambuka kwesalathiso sokulinganisa. Kwelinye icala, ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwesinyithi esitshisiweyo luneembobo ezincinci, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kokunciphisa ukungcangcazela akwanelanga, okwenza ingakwazi ukufunxa ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kokungcangcazela kwangaphandle. Xa ukusebenza kwezixhobo zomatshini kunye nokuhamba kwezithuthi kwindawo yokusebenzela kuvelisa ukungcangcazela, isiseko sesinyithi esitshisiweyo siya kudlulisela ukungcangcazela kwizixhobo zokulinganisa, okubangela ukuguquguquka kwedatha yokulinganisa kwaye kwenze kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kumanqanaba e-nanometer kunye ne-micrometer.
Iimpawu zokudambisa iziseko zegranite nge-nanoscale: Isiqinisekiso esiphambili sokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo
I-Granite lilitye lendalo elenziwe ngeenkqubo zejoloji kwiminyaka engamakhulu ezigidi. Iikristale zayo zangaphakathi zezimbiwa zincinci kwaye isakhiwo sayo sixinene kwaye siyafana, sisinika iipropati ezibalaseleyo zokudambisa i-nano-scale. Xa ukungcangcazela kwangaphandle kudluliselwa kwisiseko se-granite, isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi sinokuguqula ngokukhawuleza amandla okungcangcazela abe ngamandla obushushu, oku kwenza ukuba kuncitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ephosiweyo, ixesha lokuphendula ukungcangcazela kweziseko ze-granite lifinyezwe ngaphezulu kwe-80%, kwaye zinokubuyela kwimeko ezinzileyo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ziphephe ngempumelelo impembelelo yokungcangcazela ekuchanekeni kokulinganisa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa.
Ngokwembono ye-microscopic, isakhiwo sekristale segranite siqulethe inani elikhulu lemida yeenkozo ezincinci kunye neenxalenye zeeminerali, kwaye ezi mpawu zesakhiwo zenza "inethiwekhi yokufunxa ukungcangcazela kwendalo". Xa amaza okungcangcazela esasazeka ngaphakathi kwegranite, aya kungqubana, abonakalise kwaye asasazeke kunye nale mida yeenkozo kunye neenxalenye izihlandlo ezininzi. Amandla okungcangcazela asetyenziswa rhoqo kule nkqubo, ngaloo ndlela efezekisa isiphumo sokudambisa ukungcangcazela. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba isiseko segranite sinokunciphisa i-amplitude yokungcangcazela ibe ngaphantsi kwesinye kwishumi seyokuqala, ibonelela ngendawo yokulinganisa ezinzileyo yezixhobo zokulinganisa.
Ezinye izibonelelo zeziseko zegranite: Ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno eziphezulu
Ukongeza kwiipropati zayo ezibalaseleyo zokudambisa i-nanoscale, isiseko se-granite sikwanazo neenzuzo ezininzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwizixhobo zokulinganisa eziphezulu. I-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kobushushu iphantsi kakhulu, yi-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃ kuphela, kwaye ayichaphazeleki phantse kutshintsho lobushushu. Ingagcina ubungakanani obuzinzileyo kunye nemilo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo, iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesalathiso sokulinganisa. Okwangoku, i-granite inobunzima obuphezulu (enobunzima be-Mohs obuyi-6-7) kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka okunamandla. Nokuba emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, umphezulu wayo usenokugcina imeko ye-planar echanekileyo, inciphisa amaxesha okugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokulinganiswa. Ukongeza, i-granite ineempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo kwaye ayigugi lula zizinto ezine-asidi okanye ze-alkaline, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso ezinzima.
Ishishini liqinisekisile ixabiso elibalaseleyo leziseko zegranite
Kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwee-semiconductor, ubungakanani beetships bungene kwixesha le-nanoscale, kwaye iimfuno zokuchaneka kwezixhobo ze-metrology ziphezulu kakhulu. Emva kokuba ishishini le-semiconductor lamazwe ngamazwe elaziwayo litshintshe izixhobo zokulinganisa ngesiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo esinesiseko segranite, impazamo yokulinganisa yehla ukusuka kwi-±5μm ukuya kwi-±0.5μm, kwaye izinga lemveliso lenyuka nge-12%. Kwicandelo le-aerospace, izixhobo ze-metrology eziphezulu ezisetyenziselwa ukubona ukunyamezelana kwemilo kunye nendawo yeenxalenye, emva kokusebenzisa iziseko zegranite, ziphepha ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kokungcangcazela, ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokucubungula kwezinto eziphambili ezifana neebhlade zeenjini zeenqwelo-moya kunye neefreyimu ze-fuselage, kwaye zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso esinamandla sokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso zeenqwelo-moya.
Ngenxa yokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweemfuno zokuchaneka kokulinganisa kwishishini lokuvelisa elikumgangatho ophezulu, iziseko zegranite, ezineempawu zazo zokudambisa ubungakanani obuncinci kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza ezipheleleyo, ziguqula imigangatho yobugcisa yezixhobo zokulinganisa. Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwisinyithi esityhidiweyo ukuya kwigranite akukokuphucula nje izinto; kukwangutshintsho kushishino oluqhubela phambili iteknoloji yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuya kwiindawo ezintsha.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-13-2025