Kwiilabhoratri eziphezulu zehlabathi, nokuba kukufumanisa izixhobo ze-nanoscale, ukulinganiswa kwezinto ezichanekileyo ze-optical, okanye umlinganiselo we-microstructure we-chips semiconductor, kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo zokuchaneka kunye nokuzinza kweereferensi zokulinganisa. I-Granite straightedge, kunye nokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo, ibe yinto yokuqala yokukhetha iilebhu ezininzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nemigangatho yereferensi yentsimbi yesiqhelo, ukuzinza kwayo okuchanekileyo kunokuphuculwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300%, esekelwe kubungqina obunzulu besayensi kunye nokuqinisekiswa okusebenzayo.
1. Iimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo zinquma isiseko sokuchaneka
Intsimbi yentsimbi, njengesixhobo somphezulu wesalathiso semveli, nangona inobungqongqo obuthile, ineziphene zendalo. I-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal malunga ne-12×10⁻⁶/℃. Phantsi kwemekobume yokuguquguquka kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kwilabhoratri (njengomahluko we-5℃ wobushushu obangelwa kukuqalisa kunye nokumiswa kwezipholile-moya), umphezulu wereferensi yentsimbi eyi-1-imitha ubude unokutshintsha i-dimensional ye-60μm. Ukongeza, kukho izakhiwo ze-flake zegraphite ngaphakathi kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kuxhomekeke ekugxininiseni uxinzelelo, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-flatness yendiza yereferensi. Olu hlobo lokuguqulwa kwe-thermal kunye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kuya kubangela ukuphambuka okucwangcisiweyo kwidatha yokulinganisa, kuchaphazela kakhulu ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal ye-granite straightedge kuphela (4-8) × 10⁻⁶/℃, engaphantsi kweyesithathu yentsimbi. Ngaphantsi komlinganiselo ofanayo wobushushu we-5℃, utshintsho lobungakanani be-1-meter-long-long-granite straightedge yi-20-40 μm kuphela. I-Granite yenziwa yi-crystallization yamaminerali afana ne-quartz kunye ne-feldspar. Inesakhiwo esixineneyo kunye nesifanayo kwaye akukho ngxaki yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi loxinzelelo. Emva kweebhiliyoni zeminyaka yeenkqubo zejoloji, igranite iye yaguga ngokwemvelo kwaye ayiyi kuguqulwa njengentsimbi etyhidiweyo ekuhambeni kwexesha, iqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide lwenqwelo-moya yokukhangela ukusuka kwisiseko sezinto eziphathekayo.
Okwesibini, iteknoloji yokucubungula ifezekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu
Ngexesha lokucutshungulwa kwemigangatho yereferensi yentsimbi, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukuchaneka kwe-flatness ngokuqhelekileyo kunokufikelela kuphela kwi-± 5-10 μm. Ngaphezu koko, umphezulu wentsimbi etyhidiweyo uxhomekeke kwi-oxidation kunye nokugqwala, kufuna ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokugaya. Ukusila nganye kuya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwasekuqaleni kwendawo yokubhekisela.
I-Granite straightedge ithatha itekhnoloji yokusila echanekileyo kwaye idityaniswe neteknoloji yokulawula amanani. I-flatness inokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-± 1-3 μm, kwaye ezinye iimveliso eziphezulu zinokufikelela kwi-± 0.5μm. Ubunzima bayo bomhlaba bufikelela kwi-6 ukuya kwi-7 kwisikali se-Mohs, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwayo ku-3 ukuya kuma-5 amaxesha ensimbi. Ayikrweleke lula okanye ayigugi. Nasemva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, ukuchaneka komphezulu wegranite straightedge kunokuhlala kuzinzile, kushenxise imfuno yohlengahlengiso rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwelabhoratri kunye neendleko zexesha.
Iii. Ukuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo kuqinisekisa umlinganiselo ozinzileyo
Indawo yaselabhoratri intsonkothile kwaye iyatshintsha. Izinto ezinjengokufuma, ukungcangcazela kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic zonke zinokuchaphazela ukuchaneka komlinganiselo. Umphezulu wesalathiso sentsimbi etyhidiweyo uthande ukuba nomhlwa kwindawo efumileyo, okukhokelela ekwandeni koburhabaxa bomphezulu kwaye kuchaphazele ukuchaneka koqhagamshelwano lweprobe yokulinganisa. Ngeli xesha, i-magnetism yentsimbi yentsimbi inokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwezixhobo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo zombane.
I-Granite straightedge yinto engeyiyo isinyithi, i-non-magnetic kunye ne-non-conductive, kwaye ayiyi kuphazamisa izixhobo zombane. Izinga layo lokufunxa amanzi lingaphantsi kwe-0.1%, kwaye liyakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile kwindawo yomswakama ophezulu. Ukongeza, iipropathi ezizodwa zokudambisa igranite zinokufunxa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela kokusingqongileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, kwilabhoratri ekufutshane nezixhobo ezinkulu kunye nezixhobo, i-granite straightedge inokuthoba ngaphezu kwe-90% yamandla okungcangcazela kwisekondi enye, ngelixa i-cast iron reference ifuna imizuzwana emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5. Oku kwenza i-granite straightedge ibonelele ngereferensi ezinzileyo yokulinganisa nakwimeko ezingqongileyo.
Isine. Idatha eyiyo iqinisekisa iingenelo zokusebenza
Ilabhoratri eyaziwayo ye-semiconductor yamazwe ngamazwe yakha yaqhuba uvavanyo oluthelekisayo lwexesha elide kwi-cast iron kunye ne-granite reference surfaces: Ngexesha lovavanyo lokulinganisa olwathatha iintsuku ze-30 kwaye lwathatha iiyure ezi-8 ngosuku ngalunye, impazamo yokulinganisa i-cumulative yezixhobo ezisebenzisa i-cast iron reference surface yafikelela ku-± 45μm. Izixhobo ezisebenzisa i-granite straightedge zinempazamo eyongezelekayo ye-±15μm kuphela, kwaye ukuphuculwa kozinzo oluchanekileyo luphezulu ukuya kuma-300%. Iziphumo zovavanyo ezifanayo ziye zaqinisekiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiilabhoratri eziphezulu kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nesayensi yezixhobo kunye nobunjineli be-optical, ebonisa ngakumbi ukungenakuphinda kubuyiselwe kwe-granite straightedge kumlinganiso ochanekileyo ophezulu.
Ukuqukumbela, i-granite straightedge igqwesile ngokubanzi indawo yereferensi yentsimbi etyhidiweyo ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo eziphindwe kathathu zepropathi yempahla, itekhnoloji yokucubungula kunye nokuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo. I-300% yokuphuculwa kozinzo oluchanekileyo ayinikezeli kuphela ibhentshi yokulinganisa ethembekileyo kwiilabhoratri kodwa ibeka isiseko esiluqilima sophuhliso lophando lwezenzululwazi oluphambili kunye nobugcisa bokuvelisa obuchanekileyo. Esi sesona sizathu kanye singundoqo sokuba kutheni iilabhoratri eziphezulu zehlabathi zikhethe iindlela ezithe ngqo zegranite.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-19-2025