Kwintsimi yokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor, ukucoceka kwendawo ecocekileyo yegumbi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinga lesivuno semveliso ye-wafer kunye nokusebenza kweechips. I-TOP 5 yezityalo ezenziwe nge-wafer yehlabathi zonke ziye zayiphelisa imathiriyeli yentsimbi yesiko kwaye yatshintshela kumaqonga egranite. Emva kolu tshintsho kukho usukelo lokugqibela lokungabikho kokungcoliseka kwendalo kumagumbi acocekileyo. Iiplatifomu zeGranite, ezineempawu zazo, zibonise iingenelo ezingenakulinganiswa kumagumbi acocekileyo kwaye ziye zaba yintandokazi entsha yezityalo zokwenza i-wafer.
"Isiphako esibulalayo" sezinto ezityhidiweyo zentsimbi kumagumbi acocekileyo
Intsimbi yentsimbi, njengesixhobo semveli semizi-mveliso, yakha yaba neenzuzo ezithile kwiipropathi zoomatshini, kodwa ineengxaki ezininzi kwindawo ecocekileyo yegumbi le-semiconductor. Okokuqala, i-microstructure yomhlaba we-iron cast ayixinekanga, kunye nenani elikhulu leepores kunye neentanda ezincinci ezingabonakaliyo ngeso lenyama. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla kumagumbi okucoca, ezi pores zithandwa kakhulu ekubhengezeni uthuli, amabala e-oyile kunye nezingcolisi ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, zibe yindawo yokufihla imithombo yongcoliseko. Nje ukuba ungcoliseko luqokelele, ngexesha lemisebenzi echanekileyo yokwenziwa kwe-wafer, inokuwa kwaye ibambelele kumphezulu we-wafer, ibangele iingxaki ezinzulu zomgangatho ezifana neesekethe ezimfutshane kunye neesekethe ezivulekileyo kwi-chip.
Okwesibini, i-iron ayinazinzo olulambathayo kwikhemikhali. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-wafer, ii-reagents zemichiza ezonakalisayo ezifana ne-hydrofluoric acid kunye ne-sulfuric acid ziyasetyenziswa. Intsimbi yokugalela ithanda ukuba ne-oxidation kunye ne-corrosion reactions phantsi kokukhukuliseka kwezi zinto zekhemikhali. Umhlwa kunye neeyoni zentsimbi eziveliswa kukuhlwa azingcolisi nje kuphela indawo engqongileyo yegumbi elicocekileyo kodwa zisenokuthi zichaphazeleke ngokwekhemikhali ngezinto ezikumphezulu we-wafer, wonakalise iipropathi zenyama kunye neekhemikhali zeziwafa kwaye zicuthe kakhulu isivuno semveliso.
I "zero-pollution" imbonakalo yamaqonga egranite
Isizathu sokuba kutheni amaqonga egranite ethandwa yi-TOP 5 yezityalo ezisicaba ezisilwa kwihlabathi liphela zilele kwindawo yazo ethi "zero-pollution". I-Granite lilitye lendalo elenziwe ngenkqubo ye-geological kumakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Iikristale zayo zangaphakathi zeeminerali zibonakaliswe ngokusondeleyo, isakhiwo sixinene kwaye siyafana, kwaye akukho phantse akukho pores phezu komhlaba. Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo siqinisekisa ukuba asiyi kukhangela uthuli kunye nezinto ezingcolileyo. Nokuba kukho ukuphazamiseka rhoqo kokuhamba komoya kunye nemisebenzi yabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo kwigumbi elicocekileyo, umphezulu weqonga legranite usenokuhlala ucocekile, ukuthintela ukuzala kunye nokusasazeka kwezinto ezingcolisayo.
Ngokumalunga nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, igranite iqhuba kakuhle kakhulu. Amacandelo ayo aphambili ngamaminerali afana ne-quartz kunye ne-feldspar. Ineempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzile kakhulu kwaye ayisebenzi kunye nazo naziphi na iirejenti zemichiza eziqhelekileyo. Kwimekobume entsonkothileyo yeekhemikhali yokwenziwa kwe-wafer, amaqonga egranite anokujongana nokukhukuliseka kwee-reagents ezahlukeneyo ezityabekayo ngokulula, ngaphandle kokuvelisa iimveliso zokubola okanye ungcoliseko lwe-ion yesinyithi, ukubonelela ngeqonga elisisiseko elikhuselekileyo nelicocekileyo lokuvelisa i-wafer. Okwangoku, i-granite ayi-conductive kwaye ayivelisi umbane omileyo, ngaloo ndlela ithintela umngcipheko wongcoliseko olubangelwa ngumbane ongatshintshiyo obhengeza amasuntswana othuli kunye nokuqinisekisa ngakumbi umgangatho wokusingqongileyo wegumbi elicocekileyo.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngokwembono yeendleko kunye nenzuzo
Nangona iindleko zokuqala zokuthengwa kweeplatifomu zegranite ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zentsimbi, ekuhambeni kwexesha, izibonelelo ezibanzi abazizisayo zigqithise kakhulu umahluko weendleko. Ukucocwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwamaqonga entsimbi ngenxa yeengxaki zongcoliseko, kunye nelahleko enkulu ebangelwa kukwanda kwamaxabiso emveliso yesiphene, kugcine iindleko zemveliso ziphezulu. Iqonga le-granite, kunye nenzuzo yalo yokungcoliseka kwe-zero, linciphisa kakhulu ukuphindaphinda kokucoca kunye nokugcinwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nezinga lesiphako seemveliso, linciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, kwaye liphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Thatha umzi-mveliso ovelisa umthamo wonyaka wee-wafers ezisisigidi njengomzekelo. Emva kokwamkelwa kwamaqonga egranite, inokunciphisa ilahleko ebangelwa kungcoliseko olungaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi zeeyuan nyaka ngamnye, kwaye imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali inkulu kakhulu.
I-TOP ye-5 yezityalo ze-wafer zehlabathi jikelele ziyishiyile intsimbi kwaye yakhetha amaqonga egranite ngokusekwe kuqwalaselo olubanzi lweemfuno zokusingqongileyo kwegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Inzuzo yongcoliseko lweziro yamaqonga egraniti ibonelela ngesiqinisekiso esithembekileyo sokwenziwa kwe-wafer kwaye iqhubela ukwenziwa kwe-semiconductor ukuya ekuchanekeni okuphezulu kunye nezinga eliphezulu lesivuno. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-semiconductor, amaqonga egranite abotshelelwe ukuba adlale indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwimveliso ye-wafer yexesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-14-2025