Ipleyiti yomphezulu wegranite ebhalwe “Ibanga 00” kwisatifikethi sayo, ngokwethiyori, kufuneka itshintshiselwe nakweyiphi na enye ipleyiti yeBanga 00 emarikeni. Enyanisweni, iinjineli ze-QC ziyazi ukuba oku akusoloko kuyinyani. Iipleyiti ezimbini zinokuba neziqinisekiso ezifanayo zokusila kwaye ziqhubeke ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwiminyaka emibini yobomi benkonzo — enye ibambe ukulinganiswa kwayo, enye iphuma ekunyamezeleni ngokukhawuleza kunokuba bekulindelwe. Abathengi abaguquguqukayo abadla ngokungayihoyi yinkqubo yokusila. Yinto eluhlaza ngokwayo.
Le yingxaki eqhubekayo, engaxoxwa kakhulu kwiisixhobo sokulinganisa igraniteuthotho lokubonelela: imabula enoxinano oluphantsi, eqokelelwe yaza yagqitywa ukuze ibonakale ingahlukani negranite emnyama yokwenyani, ithengiswa rhoqo phantsi koluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-"granite surface plate" okanye "granite square ruler". Kumthengi othelekisa iikowuteshini kwiphepha le-spec, umahluko awubonakali de kube yilapho inxalenye sele isebenza. Ukuqonda ukuba loluphi uxinano olukuxelela ngesixhobo sokulinganisa igranite - kunye nendlela yokusiqinisekisa - yenye yamanyathelo asebenzayo okusebenza ngokungxamisekileyo afumanekayo ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe iodolo yokuthenga.
Kutheni Ubuninzi Bezinto Ziyipropati Eqikelela Zonke Ezinye Izinto?
Uxinano alungomanani nje akwiphepha ledatha lezinto ezibonakalayo. Kwizinto ezisetyenziswa endaweni yegranite kunye negranite, luphawu oluthembekileyo lwesakhiwo sangaphakathi sekristale esimisela ukuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide.
Oko Kunikelwa YiGranite Emnyama Enobuninzi Obuninzi
Igranite emnyama yokwenyani enoxinano oluphezulu, emalunga ne-3,100 kg/m³, ingaphezulu koxinano oluqhele ukunxulunyaniswa neendidi zegranite zemabula okanye ezikumgangatho ophantsi ezidla ngokutshintshwa kuluhlu lwexabiso eliphantsi. Loo mahluko woxinano uguqulela kwizikhewu zokusebenza ezilinganisekayo:
- • Ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuqina — i-granite exineneyo iyamelana nokuphambuka okuncinci phantsi komthwalo, okubaluleke ngokuthe ngqo kwiipleyiti zomphezulu kunye nemiphetho ethe tye esetyenziswa njenge-zero-reference datums
- • Ukumelana nokuguguleka okungcono — isakhiwo esiqinileyo sekristale simelana nokuguguleka komphezulu ngenxa yokudibana okuphindaphindiweyo kweprobe, ukutyibilika kwebhloko yegeyiji, kunye nokuphathwa kwezinto zokusebenza
- • Ukufunxa okuphantsi — kunciphisa ukufunxa komswakama, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kuba ukufunxa komswakama kunokubangela ukudumba okuncinci kunye nokufundwa okungahambelaniyo kwiindawo ezifumileyo
- • Ukugcinwa okuphuculweyo kokusithamba kwexesha elide — izinto ezixineneyo azinangxaki yokutyibilika kancinci okanye ukuhla okunokususa ipleyiti kancinci kancinci kwinqanaba layo eliqinisekisiweyo kwiminyaka emininzi yokusetyenziswa.
Imarble, ngokwahlukileyo, idla ngokuba nesakhiwo sekristale esirhabaxa nesiguquguqukayo, uxinano oluphantsi, kunye ne-porosity ephezulu - iipropati ezenza kube lula kwaye kube nexabiso eliphantsi ukumba nokugqiba, kodwa azifanelekanga ukugcina ukunyamezelana kwe-sub-micron ixesha elide.
Indlela Uxinano Oluhambelana Ngayo Nokuhlela I-DIN 876 Flatness
I-DIN 876 — elona nqanaba lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-granite surface plate flatness — ichaza amanqanaba amane okunyamezelana (00, 0, 1, 2), ngalinye lichaza ukuphambuka okuphezulu okuvumelekileyo kokuthe tyaba ngokusekelwe kwindawo yomphezulu wepleyiti. Into i-DIN 876 engacacisi ngokuthe ngqo bubuninzi bezinto ezisisiseko okanye ukwakheka kwazo. Yiyo kanye le nto amacwecwe amabini anokuthwala uphawu "lweBanga 00" ngelixa ahluke kakhulu kwizinto ezingaphantsi komphezulu womhlaba — umgangatho uqinisekisa ukuba tyaba ngexesha lokuhlolwa, hayi amandla ezinto ezihlala ixesha elide okugcina loo tyaba.
Kubathengi, oku kuthetha ukuba isatifikethi se-DIN 876 kufuneka sithathwe njengendawo yedatha efunekayo kodwa enganelanga. Ukusidibanisa nenkcazo yoxinano lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunika umfanekiso opheleleyo ngakumbi wobomi benkonzo obulindelekileyo.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa ubuninzi beGranite ngaphambi kokuba uzinikele kwi-oda lokuthenga
Amabango oxinano olukwiphepha leenkcukacha kulula ukuwachaza, kwaye ngelishwa, awasoloko eqinisekiswa ngokuzimeleyo ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe. Iindlela ezimbalwa zokuqinisekisa ezisebenzayo:
Cela idatha yovavanyo loxinano lomntu wesithathu okanye lwangaphakathi
- • Cela ababoneleli ngeziphumo zokwenyani zobuninzi obulinganisiweyo (ngokusebenzisa indlela yokufuduka kwamanzi/indlela ye-Archimedes) kwibhetshi ethile yezinto, kungekhona umndilili weshishini eliqhelekileyo
- • Apho kunokwenzeka, cela isampulu encinci yezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe elebhu ngokuzimeleyo ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele kwiodolo enkulu.
- • Jonga uxinano oluchaziweyo lomthengisi malunga noluhlu lwereferensi eyaziwayo ukuze ufumane igranite emnyama yokwenyani — ixabiso layo lingaphantsi kakhulu ~2,700–2,800 kg/m³.
Vavanya iziseko zoLungiso loMboneleli
Umenzi ozimiseleyo ngokuthembeka kwezinto eziphathekayo udla ngokutyala imali kwiziseko zokulinganisa ukuze axhase oku:
- • Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezifana nee-laser interferometers, amanqanaba e-elektroniki, kunye nee-inductive displacement gauges, kunye nezatifikethi ezinokulandelelwa kwiziko lesizwe le-metrology.
- • Iindawo zokuhlola ezilawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu kunye nokufuma, kuba imilinganiselo yokuthamba ethathwe kwigumbi elingalawulwayo ivelisa umahluko wayo
- • Iinkcukacha zezixhobo zokugaya ezibhaliweyo (umz., iigrinder zomphezulu ezichanekileyo ezinokulungiswa ubude oboluliweyo), ezihambelana nokukwazi ukugcina ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kwiipleyiti ezinkulu rhoqo.
Iindidi zeZixhobo zokulinganisa eziqhelekileyo apho uxinano lubaluleke kakhulu
- • Iipleyiti zomphezulu wegranite — zisetyenziswa njengeedatha eziphambili zokubhekisa; uxinano luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukugcinwa kokuthe tyaba kwexesha elide
- • Iirula ezithe tye zegranite kunye neerula zesikwere — iireferensi zokuhlanganisa nokulungelelanisa apho imiba ingqongqo khona
- • Iibhloko ze-V zegranite kunye nee-parallels — ukudibana okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nemithwalo yokubamba yenza ukuba ukumelana nokuguguleka kube luncedo kakhulu
- • Izinto ezithwala umoya zegranite — ukuhambelana komphezulu kwinqanaba le-nanometer kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwisakhiwo sezinto zangaphakathi ezifanayo
Oku kuthetha ukuthini kwiQC nakwiiQela zokuThenga
Akukho nanye kwezi zinto enenjongo yokubonisa ukuba zonke izixhobo zegranite ezibiza kancinci azifanelekanga — kwiinjongo ezibanzi, ezingabalulekanga kangako, ukutshintshiselana kokunyamezelana neendleko kunokuba yinto efanelekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ingxaki kukubiza iilebhile ngendlela engafanelekanga — imabula okanye ilitye elinoxinano oluphantsi elithengiswa ngaphandle kokutyhilwa njengelilingana negranite emnyama enoxinano oluphezulu, elijoliswe kubathengi abangenandlela ilula yokuqinisekisa ibango ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Kwizicelo apho isixhobo sokulinganisa sisebenza njengesalathiso sokulinganisa, i-assembly datum, okanye isixhobo semveliso sexesha elide, esicela idatha yoxinano oluqinisekisiweyo kunye ne-DIN 876 (okanye i-JIS, GB, ASME, BS 817-1983 efanayo, okanye i-GOST 10905) isatifikethi sokuthamba sisinyathelo sokuqinisekisa esingabizi kakhulu nesixabiso liphezulu. Sithatha i-imeyile enye eyongezelelweyo kwinkqubo ye-RFQ kwaye sinokunciphisa ngokunentsingiselo umngcipheko wokukhukuliseka okungalindelekanga kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka emva kokufakwa.
Isiphelo
Isiqinisekiso sokuba tyaba sikuxelela indlela isixhobo sokulinganisa igranite esisebenze ngayo ngomhla esahlolwa ngawo. Uxinano lwezinto ezibonakalayo lukuxelela ukuba kusenokwenzeka kangakanani ukuba sifikelele kwinqanaba lesibini, lesihlanu, okanye leminyaka elishumi kamva. Kwiinjineli ze-QC kunye namaqela okuthenga achaza iipleyiti zomphezulu wegranite, iirula, okanye izixhobo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, zombini ezi ndawo zedatha zibalulekile - kwaye akukho nanye kuzo ekufanele ithathwe ngokholo ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu axhasayo.
I-ZHHIMG yenza izixhobo zokulinganisa i-granite echanekileyo kunye nezinto zayo ezivela kwi-granite emnyama enoxinano oluphezulu (≈3,100 kg/m³), evavanywe ngokwe-DIN 876 kunye nemigangatho efanayo yokuthamba kwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokuhlolwa okunokulandelelwa kwizixhobo zokulinganisa eziqinisekisiweyo. Abafundi abavavanya iinkcukacha zezinto zeprojekthi ezayo bamkelekile ukuba bacele amaxwebhu oxinano nohlengahlengiso aphawww.zhhimg.com.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-11-2026