Isikhokelo esipheleleyo soMatshini weCMM kunye nokulinganisa

Yintoni iCMM Machine?

Khawuthelekelele umatshini ofana ne-CNC okwaziyo ukwenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo kakhulu ngendlela ezenzekelayo kakhulu. Yiloo nto eyenziwa ziiCMM Machines!

I-CMM imele "uMatshini wokulinganisa oQokelelweyo". Mhlawumbi zezona zixhobo zokulinganisa ze-3D zibalaseleyo ngokubhekiselele ekudibaneni kwazo kokuguquguquka, ukuchaneka, kunye nesantya.

Ukusetyenziswa kweeCoordinate Measuring Machines

Oomatshini bokulinganisa abaQokelelweyo baluncedo nanini na xa kufuneka kwenziwe imilinganiselo echanekileyo. Kwaye okukhona imilinganiselo inzima okanye ininzi, kokukhona kuluncedo ukusebenzisa iCMM.

Ngokwesiqhelo ii-CMM zisetyenziselwa uhlolo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho. Oko kukuthi, zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nxalenye iyahlangabezana neemfuno kunye neenkcukacha zomyili.

Zingasetyenziselwainjineli ebuyela umvaiindawo ezikhoyo ngokwenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo yeempawu zazo.

Ngubani owasungula iiCMM Machines?

Oomashini bokuqala beCMM baphuhliswa yiFerranti Company yaseScotland ngeminyaka yoo-1950. Babefuneka ukuze kulinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo iindawo kwimizi-mveliso yeenqwelo-moya nezokhuselo. Oomashini bokuqala babenee-axes ezimbini kuphela zokuhamba. Oomashini abathathu bee-axis baziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1960 yi-DEA yase-Itali. Ulawulo lwekhompyutha lwavela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, lwaza lwaziswa yiSheffield yase-USA.

Iintlobo zeeMashini zeCMM

Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu zomatshini wokulinganisa olungelelanisiweyo:

• Uhlobo lweBhulorho iCMM: Kolu yilo, oluqhelekileyo, intloko yeCMM ikhwela kwibhulorho. Elinye icala lebhulorho likhwela kwireli ebhedini, kwaye elinye lixhaswe kwikhusi lomoya okanye enye indlela ebhedini ngaphandle kwereli yesikhokelo.
• I-Cantilever CMM: I-cantilever ixhasa ibhulorho kwicala elinye kuphela.
• I-Gantry CMM: I-gantry isebenzisa ireyile ekhokelayo kumacala omabini, njenge-CNC Router. Ezi zihlala ziyi-CMM ezinkulu, ngoko ke zifuna inkxaso eyongezelelweyo.
• Ingalo Ethe Tye I-CMM: Khawucinge nge-cantilever, kodwa ibhulorho yonke inyuka isiya phezulu ingalweni enye endaweni yokuba ihambe kwi-axis yayo. Ezi zezona CMM zichanekileyo kancinci, kodwa zinokulinganisa izinto ezinkulu ezincinci ezifana nee-auto bodies.
• Uhlobo lwengalo ephathekayo i-CMM: Ezi matshini zisebenzisa iingalo ezidibeneyo kwaye zihlala zibekwe ngesandla. Endaweni yokulinganisa i-XYZ ngokuthe ngqo, zibala ii-coordinates ukusuka kwindawo ejikelezayo yelungu ngalinye kunye nobude obaziwayo phakathi kwamalungu.

Nganye inezibonelelo kunye neengxaki ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo zokulinganisa eziza kwenziwa. Ezi ntlobo zibhekisa kwisakhiwo somatshini esisetyenziselwa ukubekaiprobexa kuthelekiswa nenxalenye elinganiswayo.

Nantsi itheyibhile eluncedo yokunceda uqonde izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga:

Iiprobe zihlala zibekwe kwiimilinganiselo ezi-3–u-X, u-Y, kunye no-Z. Nangona kunjalo, oomatshini abanobuchule ngakumbi banokuvumela ukuba i-engile yeeprobe itshintshelwe ukuvumela ukulinganiswa kwiindawo apho iprobe ibingenakukwazi ukufikelela kuzo ngenye indlela. Iitafile ezijikelezayo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula indlela yokufikelela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo.

IiCMM zihlala zenziwe ngegranite kunye ne-aluminium, kwaye zisebenzisa ii-air bearing.

Iprobe sisiva-luvo esimisela ukuba umphezulu wenxalenye uphi xa kusenziwa umlinganiselo.

Iintlobo zeprobe ziquka:

• Oomatshini
• I-Optical
• Ileza
• Ukukhanya Okumhlophe

Oomatshini bokulinganisa abaQokelelanisiweyo basetyenziswa ngeendlela ezintathu ngokubanzi:

• AmaSebe Olawulo Lomgangatho: Apha zihlala zigcinwa kumagumbi acocekileyo alawulwa yimozulu ukuze zichaneke kakhulu.
• Umgangatho weVenkile: Apha iiCMM ziphakathi kweeCNC Machines ukuze kube lula ukwenza uhlolo njengenxalenye yeseli yokuvelisa enokuhamba okuncinci phakathi kweCMM kunye nomatshini apho iindawo zenziwa khona. Oku kuvumela ukuba imilinganiselo yenziwe kwangethuba kwaye mhlawumbi rhoqo nto leyo ekhokelela ekongeni njengoko iimpazamo zibonwa kwangethuba.
• Ii-Portable: Ii-CMM eziphathwayo kulula ukuzihambisa. Zingasetyenziswa kwiVenkile okanye zisiwe kwindawo ekude nefektri yokuvelisa ukuze kulinganiswe iindawo ezikwintsimi.

Zichaneke Kangakanani Iimashini zeCMM (Ukuchaneka kweCMM)?

Ukuchaneka kweeCoordinate Measurement Machines kuyahluka. Ngokubanzi, bajolise ekuchanekeni kwe-micrometer okanye ngcono. Kodwa akulula kangako. Okokuqala, kukho impazamo enokubakho ngenxa yobukhulu, ngoko ke impazamo yokulinganisa ye-CMM inokucaciswa njengefomula emfutshane equka ubude bomlinganiselo njengenguqu.

Umzekelo, iHexagon's Global Classic CMM idweliswe njengeCMM efikelelekayo kuzo zonke iinjongo, kwaye ichaza ukuchaneka kwayo ngolu hlobo:

1.0 + L/300um

Ezo zilinganiso zikwii-microns kwaye u-L uchazwe kwi-mm. Ngoko masithi sizama ukulinganisa ubude besici se-10mm. Ifomula iya kuba yi-1.0 + 10/300 = 1.0 + 1/30 okanye i-1.03 microns.

I-micron yi-1000th ye-mm, emalunga ne-0.00003937 intshi. Ngoko ke impazamo xa silinganisa ubude bethu be-10mm yi-0.00103 mm okanye i-0.00004055 intshi. Oko kungaphantsi kwesiqingatha sesiqingatha seshumi - impazamo encinci kakhulu!

Kwelinye icala, umntu kufuneka abe nokuchaneka okuphindwe kalishumi kunento esizama ukuyilinganisa. Oko kuthetha ukuba singayithemba le ndlela yokulinganisa kuphela nge-10x elo xabiso, okanye i-0.00005 intshi. Iseyimpazamo encinci kakhulu.

Izinto ziba nzima nangakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nomlinganiselo weCMM yomgangatho wevenkile. Ukuba iCMM ikwilebhu yokuhlola elawulwa bubushushu, inceda kakhulu. Kodwa kwiShop Floor, amaqondo obushushu anokwahluka kakhulu. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo iCMM enokulungisa ngazo umahluko wobushushu, kodwa akukho nanye egqibeleleyo.

Abenzi be-CMM badla ngokuchaza ukuchaneka kwebhendi yobushushu, kwaye ngokwemigangatho ye-ISO 10360-2 yokuchaneka kwe-CMM, ibhendi eqhelekileyo yi-64-72F (18-22C). Kulungile oko ngaphandle kokuba iShop Floor yakho ingu-86F ehlotyeni. Ngoko ke awunazo iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo zempazamo.

Abanye abavelisi baya kukunika iseti yezitebhisi okanye iibhendi zobushushu ezineenkcazo ezahlukeneyo zokuchaneka. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ukwi-range engaphezulu kwesinye ukuze ufumane iinxalenye ezifanayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo osuku okanye kwiintsuku ezahlukeneyo zeveki?

Ubani uqala ukwenza uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olungaqinisekanga oluvumela iimeko ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuba ezo meko zimbi zibangela ukuba amalungu akho anganyamezelani, kufuneka utshintsho oluthe kratya kwinkqubo:

• Unganciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMM kumaxesha athile emini xa amaqondo obushushu ehla ngomlinganiselo olungileyo.
• Ungakhetha kuphela ukusebenzisa izixhobo okanye iimpawu ezingasebenzi kakuhle ngamaxesha athile emini.
• IiCMM ezingcono zinokuba neenkcazo ezingcono zobushushu bakho. Zinokuba zifanelekile nangona zinokuba zibiza kakhulu.

Kakade ke la manyathelo aza konakalisa ubuchule bakho bokucwangcisa imisebenzi yakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ngequbuliso ucinga ukuba ulawulo olungcono lwemozulu kwiShop Floor lunokuba lutyalo-mali olunexabiso.

Ungayibona indlela yonke le nto yokulinganisa eba nzima ngayo.

Esinye isithako esihamba kunye yindlela echazwe ngayo ii-tolerances ekufuneka zihlolwe yi-CMM. Umgangatho wegolide yi-Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Jonga ikhosi yethu yokwazisa kwi-GD&T ukuze ufunde okungakumbi.

Isoftware yeCMM

I-CMM isebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zesoftware. Lo mgangatho ubizwa ngokuba yi-DMIS, emele iDimensional Measurement Interface Standard. Nangona ingeyiyo i-interface yesoftware ephambili yabenzi be-CMM, uninzi lwabo ubuncinane bayayixhasa.

Abavelisi benze iincasa zabo ezikhethekileyo ukuze bongeze imisebenzi yokulinganisa engaxhaswa yi-DMIS.

I-DMIS

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe i-DMIS, yindlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa njenge-g-code ye-CNC, kukho iilwimi ezininzi eziquka:

• I-PC-DMIS: Inguqulelo yeHexagon
• I-OpenDMIS
• I-TouchDMIS: I-Perceptron

I-MCOSMOS

I-MCOSTMOS yisoftware ye-CMM kaNikon.

I-Calypso

ICalypso yisoftware yeCMM evela kwiZeiss.

Isoftware yeCMM kunye neCAD/CAM

Isoftware yeCMM kunye nokuCwangcisa zinxulumene njani neSoftware yeCAD/CAM?

Kukho iifomathi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zefayile zeCAD, ngoko ke jonga ukuba zeziphi ezihambelana nesoftware yakho yeCMM. Ukuhlanganiswa kokugqibela kubizwa ngokuba yiModel Based Definition (MBD). NgeMBD, imodeli ngokwayo ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha ubukhulu beCMM.

I-MDB yeyona nto iphambili, ngoko ke ayikasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi.

Iiprobe zeCMM, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo

Iiprobe zeCMM

Iindidi ngeendidi zeeprobe kunye neemilo ziyafumaneka ukuze kube lula usetyenziso oluninzi olwahlukeneyo.

Izixhobo zeCMM

Zonke izixhobo zonga ixesha xa ulayisha kwaye ukhupha izinto kwi-CMM, njengakwi-CNC Machine. Ungafumana nee-CMM ezinee-pallet loaders ezizenzekelayo ukuze zisebenzise amandla amaninzi.

Ixabiso loMatshini weCMM

Oomatshini abatsha bokulinganisa i-Coordinate baqala kuluhlu lwe-$20,000 ukuya kwi-$30,000 kwaye bafikelela kwi-$1 yezigidi.

Imisebenzi Enxulumene neCMM kwiVenkile yoMatshini

Umphathi weCMM

Umcwangcisi weCMM

Umqhubi weCMM