Nabani na ofumene izixhobo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kwihlabathi liphela ukhe wadibana nengxaki efanayo: imveliso efanayo ebonakalayo ingachazwa ngokuchasene nemigangatho emihlanu eyahlukeneyo yelizwe, nganye inenkqubo yayo yokubeka amanqaku, itafile yokunyamezelana, kunye nesigama. Ukuqonda ukuba le migangatho ichaza ntoni ngokwenene - endaweni yokuyiphatha njengezitampu zokwamkelwa ezitshintshanayo - kubalulekile kuye nabani na othenga okanye owenza iipleyiti zomphezulu, ii-straightedges, okanye izixhobo zokulinganisa i-granite.
Imigangatho Emikhulu Ngokujonga Nje
I-DIN (eJamani) — I-DIN 876 igubungela ukunyamezelana kokutyibilika kwe-iipleyiti zomphezulukwiiklasi ezintathu (00, 0, kunye no-1), kunye neBakala 00 ebekelwe ukusetyenziswa kwereferensi yelabhoratri. I-DIN 875 ijongana nee-straightedges, kwaye i-DIN 650 igubungela ii-V-blocks. Imigangatho yaseJamani isetyenziswa kakhulu njengendawo yokubhekisa eYurophu nase-Asia ngenxa yeetafile zayo zokunyamezelana ezineenkcukacha ezixhomekeke kubungakanani beepleyiti.
I-ASME/GGGP (e-United States) — I-US practice ebhekiselele kwi-Federal Specification GGG-P-463c, kamva yahlulwa yaba yimigangatho yochungechunge lwe-ASME B89, ehlela iiplate zomphezulu ngokweLebhu, uHlolo, kunye namanqanaba eZixhobo ngokusekelwe ekuphambukeni okuthe tyaba kwindawo nganye yeyunithi.
I-JIS (eJapan) — Imigangatho yoShishino yaseJapan ibonakalisa uninzi lwesakhiwo se-DIN kodwa isebenzisa amagama ayo asemgangathweni kunye namaxesha okuvavanya, adla ngokubhekiselwa kwizixhobo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwishishini lezixhobo zoomatshini ezichanekileyo zaseJapan.
GB (eTshayina) — Imigangatho yesizwe yaseTshayina yeepleyiti zomphezulu wegranite kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa idibene ngokusondeleyo nendlela ye-ISO kunye ne-DIN kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, ibonisa isiseko esikhulayo semveliso yasekhaya yobuchwephesha.
I-BS 817 (e-United Kingdom) kunye ne-GOST 10905 (eRashiya) — Zombini zichaza iimfuno ezifanayo zokuthamba kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu, kunye ne-BS 817 ekhankanyiweyo ngokwembali kwiimarike ze-Commonwealth kunye ne-GOST esachazwa ekuthengweni kwemizi-mveliso yaseRashiya neye-CIS.
Kutheni Umahluko Ubalulekile Kwindlela Osebenza Ngayo
Ingxaki esebenzayo ayikokuba umgangatho othile "ungcono" kunomnye - kukuba amanqanaba okunyamezelana awasoloko eguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo. Ipleyiti yeBanga 0 phantsi kwe-DIN 876 kunye nepleyiti yeLabhoratri phantsi kwe-ASME B89 ziyafana ngokwengqiqo kodwa zivavanywa phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo (ngesiqhelo ubushushu obuqhelekileyo be-20°C, nangona ukunyamezelana kokuphambuka kuyahluka). Abathengi abacinga ukulingana ngaphandle kokujonga ingxelo yovavanyo yokwenyani banokugqibela benezixhobo ezihlangabezana neleyibhile yomgangatho wangaphandle kodwa kungekhona ukunyamezelana okufunekayo kwinkqubo yabo.
Umbuzo Wokwenyani Wokulandelelana
Ngaphaya komgangatho oprintiweyo kwisatifikethi, umbuzo obaluleke ngakumbi kukuba ukulandelelana: ngaba ukulinganisa kungalandelwa ngasemva kwiziko lesizwe le-metrology? Abavelisi abadumileyo balinganisa izixhobo zabo zokulinganisa - izalathisi zedayile, ii-interferometer ze-laser, amanqanaba e-elektroniki - ngokuchasene neziqinisekiso ezikhutshwe zizikhungo ezivunyiweyo (eTshayina, ngokwesiqhelo amaziko e-metrology kamasipala nawephondo, kunye nendlela ebuyela kwiZiko leSizwe le-Metrology). Ngaphandle kwelo khonkco, isitampu "seBanga 0" sinokuthenjwa kuphela njengelebhu eyikhupheyo.
Kwiinjineli ezichaza iziseko zegranite okanye izixhobo zokulinganisa kubathengisi bamazwe ngamazwe, into elula ukuyenza: buza ukuba yeyiphi indlela yovavanyo esetyenzisiweyo, cela idatha yokulinganisa yokwenyani endaweni yeleyibhile yenqanaba, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba izixhobo zokulinganisa ngokwazo zinesatifikethi esilandelekayo. Abavelisi abaqeqesha abasebenzi kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo yelizwe - i-DIN, i-ASME, i-JIS, i-GB, i-BS, kunye ne-GOST ngokufanayo - ngokubanzi bakwimeko engcono yokuvelisa izinto ezihlala phantsi kwanoma yimuphi umgangatho ofunekayo kwinkqubo yomgangatho yomthengi.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-06-2026