I-Flat Panel Display (FPD) iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili kwiiTV zexesha elizayo. Yindlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa akukho nkcazo ingqongqo ehlabathini. Ngokubanzi, olu hlobo lomboniso luncinci kwaye lubukeka njengephaneli ethe tyaba. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-flat panel displays. , Ngokwe-display medium kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza, kukho i-liquid crystal display (LCD), i-plasma display (PDP), i-electroluminescence display (ELD), i-organic electroluminescence display (OLED), i-field emission display (FED), i-projection display, njl. Izixhobo ezininzi ze-FPD zenziwe nge-granite. Kuba isiseko somatshini we-granite sinobunono obungcono kunye neempawu zomzimba.
umkhwa wophuhliso
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-CRT yendabuko (ityhubhu ye-cathode ray), isibonisi sephaneli esithe tyaba sineengenelo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci, ukukhanya, amandla aphantsi, imitha ephantsi, akukho kufiphaza, kwaye siluncedo kwimpilo yabantu. Sidlule i-CRT kwintengiso yehlabathi. Ngowama-2010, kuqikelelwa ukuba umlinganiselo wexabiso lokuthengisa la mabini uya kufikelela kwi-5:1. Kwinkulungwane yama-21, izibonisi zephaneli ezithe tyaba ziya kuba ziimveliso eziphambili kwisibonisi. Ngokwengqikelelo yeStanford Resources edumileyo, imakethi yesibonisi sephaneli esithe tyaba yehlabathi iya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-23 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2001 ukuya kwi-58.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2006, kwaye izinga lokukhula eliphakathi lonyaka liya kufikelela kwi-20% kwiminyaka emi-4 ezayo.
Itekhnoloji yokubonisa
Izibonisi zephaneli ezisicaba zahlulwe zibe zizibonisi ezikhupha ukukhanya ezisebenzayo kunye nezibonisi ezikhupha ukukhanya okungenamsebenzi. Eyokuqala ibhekisa kwisixhobo sokubonisa apho isixhobo sokubonisa ngokwaso sikhupha ukukhanya kwaye sibonelela ngemitha ebonakalayo, equka isibonisi seplasma (PDP), isibonisi se-vacuum fluorescent (VFD), isibonisi sokukhupha intsimi (FED), isibonisi se-electroluminescence (LED) kunye nesibonisi se-organic light emitting diode (OLED) )Linda. Okokugqibela kuthetha ukuba asikhuphi ukukhanya ngokwaso, kodwa sisebenzisa isixhobo sokubonisa ukuba silawulwe sisignali yombane, kwaye iimpawu zaso zokukhanya ziyatshintsha, ziguqule ukukhanya okungqongileyo kunye nokukhanya okukhutshwa ngumbane wangaphandle (ukukhanya kwangasemva, umthombo wokukhanya weprojektha), kwaye sikwenze kwisikrini sokubonisa okanye kwisikrini. Izixhobo zokubonisa, kubandakanya isibonisi sekristale yolwelo (LCD), isibonisi senkqubo ye-micro-electromechanical (DMD) kunye nesibonisi se-elektroniki (EL), njl.
I-LCD
Iziboniso zekristale yolwelo ziquka iziboniso zekristale yolwelo ye-passive matrix (PM-LCD) kunye neziboniso zekristale yolwelo ye-active matrix (AM-LCD). Zombini iziboniso zekristale yolwelo ye-STN kunye ne-TN zizeze-passive matrix liquid crystal displays. Kwiminyaka yoo-1990, ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa ikristale yolwelo ye-active-matrix buphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi i-thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD). Njengemveliso yokutshintsha i-STN, ineengenelo zesantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayinakufiphaza, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhompyutha eziphathwayo nakwiindawo zokusebenza, iiTV, iikhamera kunye neekhonsoli zemidlalo yevidiyo eziphathwayo. Umahluko phakathi kwe-AM-LCD kunye ne-PM-LCD kukuba eyokuqala inezixhobo zokutshintsha ezongeziweyo kwi-pixel nganye, ezinokoyisa ukuphazamiseka okunqamlezileyo kwaye zifumane umboniso ocacileyo kunye nowokucaca okuphezulu. I-AM-LCD yangoku isebenzisa isixhobo sokutshintsha i-silicon (a-Si) TFT kunye neskimu se-capacitor yokugcina, enokufumana umgangatho ongwevu ophezulu kwaye ifezekise umboniso wombala wokwenyani. Nangona kunjalo, imfuneko yesisombululo esiphezulu kunye nee-pixels ezincinci zezicelo zekhamera enoxinano olukhulu kunye nokubonakala kweprojektha iqhubele phambili uphuhliso lweziboniso ze-P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (thin film transistor). Ukuhamba kwe-P-Si kuphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-8 ukuya ku-9 kune-a-Si. Ubungakanani obuncinci be-P-Si TFT abufanelekanga kuphela kwisikrini esixineneyo nesinobukhulu obuphezulu, kodwa neesekethe ezikwicala lombane zinokudityaniswa kwisiseko.
Lilonke, i-LCD ifanelekile kwizibonisi ezincinci, ezikhanyayo, ezincinci neziphakathi ezinokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki ezifana neekhompyutha zelaptop kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo. Ii-LCD ezingama-30 intshi kunye nee-40 intshi zenziwe ngempumelelo, kwaye ezinye ziye zasetyenziswa. Emva kokuveliswa okukhulu kwe-LCD, iindleko zihlala zincitshiswa. Isikrini se-LCD esingama-intshi ali-15 siyafumaneka nge-$500. Ulwalathiso lwayo lwexesha elizayo kukutshintsha isibonisi se-cathode sePC kwaye sisetyenziswe kwi-LCD TV.
Umboniso wePlasma
Isibonisi seplasma siteknoloji yokubonisa ekhupha ukukhanya esetyenziswa ngumgaqo wokukhupha igesi (njengomoya). Izibonisi zeplasma zineengenelo zeetyhubhu zemitha ye-cathode, kodwa zenziwe kwizakhiwo ezincinci kakhulu. Ubungakanani bemveliso ephambili yi-40-42 intshi. Iimveliso ezingama-50 intshi ezingama-60 ziyaphuhliswa.
ukukhanya kwe-vacuum
Isibonisi se-vacuum fluorescent sisibonisi esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zeaudio/video kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Sisixhobo sesibonisi se-vacuum sohlobo lwe-triode electron tube esigubungela i-cathode, igridi kunye ne-anode kwityhubhu ye-vacuum. Kukuba ii-electron ezikhutshwa yi-cathode zikhawuleziswa yi-voltage elungileyo esetyenziswa kwigridi kunye ne-anode, kwaye zivuselele i-phosphor egqunywe kwi-anode ukuba ikhuphe ukukhanya. Igridi isebenzisa isakhiwo se-honeycomb.
i-electroluminescence)
Izibonisi ze-electroluminescent zenziwe kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-solid-state thin-film. Umaleko wokukhusela ubekwa phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini zokuqhuba kwaye kufakwa umaleko omncinci we-electroluminescent. Esi sixhobo sisebenzisa iipleyiti ezine-zinc-coated okanye i-strontium-coated ezine-wide emission spectrum njengezixhobo ze-electroluminescent. Umaleko waso we-electroluminescent ungama-100 microns ubukhulu kwaye unokufezekisa isiphumo esifanayo sokubonisa esicacileyo njengesibonisi se-organic light emitting diode (OLED). I-drive voltage yayo eqhelekileyo yi-10KHz, i-200V AC voltage, efuna i-driver IC ebiza kakhulu. I-microdisplay enesisombululo esiphezulu esebenzisa iskimu yokuqhuba ye-array esebenzayo iye yaphuhliswa ngempumelelo.
i-LED
Izibonisi zedayidi ezikhupha ukukhanya ziquka inani elikhulu leedayidi ezikhupha ukukhanya, ezinokuba ze-monochromatic okanye ezinemibala emininzi. Iidayidi ezikhupha ukukhanya eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezisebenzayo kakhulu ziye zafumaneka, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuvelisa izibonisi ze-LED zesikrini esikhulu ezinemibala epheleleyo. Izibonisi ze-LED zineempawu zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi obude, kwaye zifanelekile kwizibonisi zesikrini esikhulu zokusetyenziswa ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zibonisi eziphakathi ze-monitors okanye ii-PDA (iikhompyutha eziphathwayo) ezinokwenziwa ngale teknoloji. Nangona kunjalo, isekethe edibeneyo ye-LED monolithic ingasetyenziswa njengesibonisi esibonakalayo se-monochromatic.
I-MEMS
Le yi-microdisplay eyenziwe kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-MEMS. Kwiziboniso ezinjalo, izakhiwo ze-microscopic mechanical zenziwe ngokucubungula ii-semiconductors kunye nezinye izinto kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ze-semiconductor eziqhelekileyo. Kwisixhobo se-digital micromirror, isakhiwo si-micromirror esixhaswa yi-hinge. Ii-hinges zaso ziqhutywa ziitshaja kwiiplates eziqhagamshelwe kwenye yeeseli zememori ezingezantsi. Ubungakanani be-micromirror nganye bumalunga nobubanzi beenwele zomntu. Esi sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiprojektha zorhwebo eziphathwayo kunye neeprojektha zethiyetha yasekhaya.
ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma endle
Umgaqo osisiseko womboniso wokukhupha umbane ufana nalowo wetyhubhu ye-cathode ray, oko kukuthi, ii-electron zitsalwa yipleyiti kwaye zenziwe ukuba zingqubane ne-phosphor egqunywe kwi-anode ukuze kukhutshwe ukukhanya. I-cathode yayo yenziwe linani elikhulu lemithombo emincinci ye-electron ehlelwe kwi-array, oko kukuthi, ngohlobo lwe-array ye-pixel enye kunye ne-cathode enye. Njenge-plasma displays, ii-field emission displays zifuna ii-voltage eziphezulu ukuze zisebenze, ukusuka kwi-200V ukuya kwi-6000V. Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ayikabi yi-mainstream flat panel display ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zemveliso yezixhobo zayo zokwenza.
ukukhanya kwendalo
Kwisibonisi se-organic light-emitting diode (OLED), umbane udlula kwi-layer enye okanye ezingaphezulu zeplastiki ukuvelisa ukukhanya okufana nee-inorganic light-emitting diodes. Oku kuthetha ukuba into efunekayo kwisixhobo se-OLED yi-solid-state film stack kwi-substrate. Nangona kunjalo, izinto eziphilayo zinobuthathaka kakhulu kumphunga wamanzi kunye ne-oxygen, ngoko ke ukuvala kubalulekile. Ii-OLED zizixhobo ezisebenzayo ezikhupha ukukhanya kwaye zibonisa iimpawu zokukhanya ezibalaseleyo kunye neempawu zokusebenzisa amandla aphantsi. Zinamandla amakhulu okuvelisa ngobuninzi kwinkqubo yokuqengqeleka kwi-substrate eziguquguqukayo kwaye ke ngoko azibizi kakhulu ukuyenza. Le teknoloji inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka ekukhanyiseni okulula kwe-monochromatic enkulu ukuya kwimiboniso yevidiyo enemibala epheleleyo.
I-inki ye-elektroniki
Izibonisi ze-E-inki ziimboniso ezilawulwa ngokufaka intsimi yombane kwizinto ezityibilikayo. Ziqulathe inani elikhulu lee-spheres ezicacileyo ezincinci, nganye inobubanzi obumalunga ne-100 microns, equlethe izinto ezimnyama ezidayiweyo kunye namawaka amasuntswana e-titanium dioxide emhlophe. Xa intsimi yombane isetyenziswa kwizinto ezityibilikayo, amasuntswana e-titanium dioxide aya kufudukela kwenye yee-electrodes kuxhomekeke kwimeko yazo yokutshaja. Oku kubangela ukuba i-pixel ikhuphe ukukhanya okanye ingakhuphi. Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezityibilikayo, zigcina ulwazi kangangeenyanga. Ekubeni imeko yazo yokusebenza ilawulwa yintsimi yombane, umxholo wayo wokubonisa unokutshintshwa ngamandla amancinci kakhulu.
isixhobo sokufumana isibane selangatye
I-Flame Photometric Detector FPD (I-Flame Photometric Detector, i-FPD ngamafutshane)
1. Umgaqo we-FPD
Umgaqo we-FPD usekelwe ekutshisweni kwesampuli kwilangatye eline-hydrogen eninzi, ukuze iikhompawundi ezine-sulfur kunye ne-phosphorus zincitshiswe yi-hydrogen emva kokutsha, kwaye kuveliswe ii-excited states ze-S2* (imeko evuselelwe ye-S2) kunye ne-HPO* (imeko evuselelwe ye-HPO). Ezi zinto zimbini ezivuselelweyo zikhupha i-spectra malunga ne-400nm kunye ne-550nm xa zibuyela kwimeko yomhlaba. Ubunzulu bale spectrum bulinganiswa ngetyhubhu ye-photomultiplier, kwaye ubunzulu bokukhanya buhambelana nesantya sokuhamba kobunzima besampuli. I-FPD sisitshizi esinobuthathaka kakhulu nesikhethayo, esisetyenziswa kakhulu kuhlalutyo lweekhompawundi ze-sulfur kunye ne-phosphorus.
2. Ulwakhiwo lwe-FPD
I-FPD sisakhiwo esidibanisa i-FID kunye ne-photometer. Yaqala njenge-single-flame FPD. Emva kowe-1978, ukuze kulungiswe iintsilelo ze-single-flame FPD, kwaveliswa i-dual-flame FPD. Ine-air-hydrogen flame ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, i-low-flame flame iguqula ii-sample molecules zibe ziimveliso zokutsha eziqulathe ii-molecules ezilula ezifana ne-S2 kunye ne-HPO; i-upper flame ivelisa iziqwenga ze-luminescent excited state ezifana ne-S2* kunye ne-HPO*, kukho ifestile ejolise kwi-upper flame, kwaye amandla e-chemiluminescence afunyanwa yi-photomultiplier tube. Ifestile yenziwe ngeglasi eqinileyo, kwaye umlomo we-flame wenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwali.
3. Ukusebenza kwe-FPD
I-FPD sisixhobo sokuchonga esikhethiweyo sokufumanisa iikhompawundi zesalfure kunye ne-phosphorus. Ilangatye layo lilangatye elinotyebileyo kwi-hydrogen, kwaye unikezelo lomoya lwanele kuphela ukusabela kwi-70% ye-hydrogen, ngoko ke ubushushu belilangatye buphantsi ukuvelisa i-sulfure evuselelweyo kunye ne-phosphorus. Iziqwenga zekhompawundi. Izinga lokuhamba kwegesi ethwala, i-hydrogen kunye nomoya linempembelelo enkulu kwi-FPD, ngoko ke ulawulo lokuhamba kwegesi kufuneka luzinze kakhulu. Ubushushu belilangatye bokufumanisa iikhompawundi eziqulethe i-sulfure kufuneka bube malunga ne-390 °C, nto leyo enokuvelisa i-S2 evuselelweyo; ukufumanisa iikhompawundi eziqulethe i-phosphorus, umlinganiselo we-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen kufuneka ube phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-5, kwaye umlinganiselo we-hydrogen-to-oxygen kufuneka utshintshwe ngokweesampuli ezahlukeneyo. Igesi ethwala kunye negesi yokwenza kufuneka zilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kufunyanwe umlinganiselo olungileyo wesignali-to-noise.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-18-2022