I-Flat Panel Display (FPD) ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwiiTV ezizayo.Yinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa akukho nkcazelo ingqongqo ehlabathini.Ngokubanzi, olu hlobo lomboniso lubhityile kwaye lukhangeleka njengephaneli ecaba.Zininzi iintlobo zemiboniso yephaneli ecaba., Ngokutsho kwendlela yokubonisa kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza, kukho umboniso we-crystal liquid (LCD), umboniso we-plasma (PDP), umboniso we-electroluminescence (ELD), umboniso we-organic electroluminescence (OLED), umboniso we-field emission display (FED), umboniso wokubonisa, njl. Izixhobo ezininzi zeFPD zenziwe ngegranite.Ngenxa yokuba isiseko somatshini wegranite sinokuchaneka okungcono kunye neempawu zomzimba.
indlela yophuhliso
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-CRT yendabuko (ityhubhu ye-cathode ray), i-flat panel display ineenzuzo zokuncinci, ukukhanya, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukukhanya okuphantsi kwemitha, akukho flicker, kunye nenzuzo kwimpilo yabantu.Igqithise iCRT kwiintengiso zehlabathi.Ngo-2010, kuqikelelwa ukuba umlinganiselo wexabiso lentengiso yezimbini uya kufikelela kwi-5: 1.Kwinkulungwane yama-21, izibonisi zephaneli ezisicaba ziya kuba zezona mveliso ziphambili kumboniso.Ngokoqikelelo lweziBonelelo ezidumileyo zaseStanford, imarike yephaneli yeflethi yehlabathi iya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-23 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2001 ukuya kwi-58.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2006, kwaye umyinge wokukhula wonyaka uya kufikelela kwi-20% kule minyaka mi-4 izayo.
Bonisa iteknoloji
Iziboniso zephaneli ezisicaba zihlelwa ngokweziboniso ezikhupha ukukhanya okusebenzayo kunye nezibonisi ezikhupha ukukhanya.Eyangaphambili ibhekisela kwisixhobo sokubonisa ukuba isibonisi esiphakathi sikhupha ukukhanya kwaye sinika ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okubandakanya umboniso weplasma (PDP), umboniso we-vacuum fluorescent (VFD), umboniso we-field emission display (FED), umboniso we-electroluminescence (i-LED) kunye nokukhanya kwe-organic ukukhanya. umboniso wediode (OLED) )Yima.Le yokugqibela ithetha ukuba ayikhuphi ukukhanya ngokwayo, kodwa isebenzisa isibonisi esiphakathi ukuze iguqulwe ngumqondiso wombane, kunye neempawu zayo ezibonakalayo ziyatshintsha, lungisa ukukhanya okujikelezayo kunye nokukhanya okukhutshwa ngumbane wangaphandle (i-backlight, umthombo wokukhanya wokukhanya. ), kwaye uyenze kwiscreen okanye isikrini.Izixhobo zokubonisa, kubandakanywa umboniso we-crystal liquid (LCD), umboniso we-micro-electromechanical system (DMD) kunye ne-electronic inki (EL) ukubonisa, njl.
LCD
Imiboniso yekristale yolwelo ibandakanya imiboniso yekristale yolwelo lwematrix (PM-LCD) kunye nemiboniso yekristale engamatriki esebenzayo (AM-LCD).Zombini i-STN kunye ne-TN yokuboniswa kwekristale elulwelo zezezibonisi zekristale zolwelo lwematrix.Kwiminyaka yoo-1990, itekhnoloji yokubonisa ikristale esebenzayo-yematrix yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi ifilim ebhityileyo ye-transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD).Njengemveliso yokutshintshwa kwe-STN, ineengenelo zesantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwaye akukho kuqhwanyaza, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiikhompyuter eziphathwayo kunye neendawo zokusebenza, iiTV, iikhamera kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo ephathwayo.Umahluko phakathi kwe-AM-LCD kunye ne-PM-LCD kukuba eyokuqala inezixhobo zokutshintsha ezongeziweyo kwi-pixel nganye, enokoyisa uphazamiso olunqamlezayo kwaye ifumane umahluko ophezulu kunye nomboniso ophezulu.I-AM-LCD yangoku ithatha i-amorphous silicon (a-Si) isixhobo sokutshintsha i-TFT kunye neskimu se-capacitor yokugcina, esinokufumana inqanaba eliphezulu elingwevu kwaye libone umboniso wokwenyani wombala.Nangona kunjalo, imfuno yesisombululo esiphezulu kunye neepikseli ezincinci zekhamera ephezulu kunye nezicelo zokubonisa ziye zaqhuba ukuphuhliswa kwe-P-Si (i-polysilicon) i-TFT (i-transistor yefilimu encinci).Ukuhamba kwe-P-Si yi-8 ukuya kumaxesha angama-9 aphezulu kune-a-Si.Ubungakanani obuncinci be-P-Si TFT abufanelekanga kuphela kwi-high-density kunye ne-high-resolution display, kodwa kunye neesekethe ze-peripheral zingadibaniswa kwi-substrate.
Lilonke, i-LCD ifanelekile kwiziboniso ezibhityileyo, ezikhanyayo, ezincinci kunye neziphakathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zombane ezinjengeekhompyuter zeencwadana kunye neeselfowuni.I-LCDs ze-30-intshi kunye ne-40-intshi ziye zaphuhliswa ngempumelelo, kwaye ezinye ziye zasetyenziswa.Emva kwemveliso enkulu ye-LCD, ixabiso liyancipha ngokuqhubekayo.A 15-intshi LCD esweni iyafumaneka $500.Isalathiso sayo sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kukubuyisela isiboniso se-cathode yePC kwaye siyisebenzise kwi-LCD TV.
Umboniso wePlasma
Umboniso wePlasma yitekhnoloji yokubonisa ukukhanya okwenziwa ngumgaqo wegesi (efana ne-atmosfera).Iziboniso zeplasma zineenzuzo zetyhubhu yemitha ye-cathode, kodwa zenziwe kwizakhiwo ezincinci kakhulu.Ubungakanani bemveliso eqhelekileyo yi-40-42 intshi.Iimveliso ezingama-50 60 ze-intshi ziyaphuhliswa.
i-vacuum fluorescence
Umboniso we-vacuum fluorescent ngumboniso osetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zeaudio/ zevidiyo kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya.Yisixhobo sokubonisa i-electron ye-triode ye-tube ye-vacuum edibanisa i-cathode, igridi kunye ne-anode kwi-tube ye-vacuum.Kungenxa yokuba ii-electron ezikhutshwa yi-cathode zikhawuleza yi-voltage efanelekileyo esetyenziswe kwigridi kunye ne-anode, kwaye ivuselela i-phosphor efakwe kwi-anode ukuze ikhuphe ukukhanya.Igridi ithatha isakhiwo se-honeycomb.
i-electroluminescence)
Iziboniso ze-Electroluminescent zenziwa kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yefilim eqinileyo.I-insulating layer ibekwe phakathi kwee-2 iipleyiti ze-conductive kunye ne-electroluminescent layer encinci ifakwe.Isixhobo sisebenzisa i-zinc-coated okanye i-strontium-coated plates kunye ne-spectrum ephumayo ebanzi njengamacandelo e-electroluminescent.Umaleko wayo we-electroluminescent ungqindilili we-microns ezili-100 kwaye unokufikelela kwisiphumo esifanayo esicacileyo somboniso njengomboniso we-organic light emitting diode (OLED).Umbane wayo oqhelekileyo wokuqhuba yi-10KHz, i-200V AC yombane, efuna i-IC yomqhubi wexabiso eliphezulu.I-microdisplay ene-high-resolution usebenzisa isikimu sokuqhuba esisebenzayo siphuhliswe ngempumelelo.
i-LED
Iziboniso ze-diode ezikhanyayo zibandakanya inani elikhulu lee-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya, ezinokuthi zibe monochromatic okanye zinemibala emininzi.Iidiode ezikhanyayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezisebenza ngokuphezulu ziye zafumaneka, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuvelisa iziboniso ze-LED ezinombala ogcweleyo.Iziboniso ze-LED zineempawu zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nobomi obude, kwaye zifanelekile kwiziboniso ezinkulu zesikrini zokusetyenziswa kwangaphandle.Nangona kunjalo, akukho ziboniso zoluhlu oluphakathi lweemonitha okanye iiPDAs (iikhompyutha eziphathwa ngesandla) ezinokwenziwa ngobu buchwepheshe.Nangona kunjalo, isekethe edibeneyo ye-LED ye-monolithic inokusetyenziswa njengomboniso we-monochromatic virtual.
MEMS
Lo ngumboniso omncinci owenziwe kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yeMEMS.Kwiziboniso ezinjalo, izakhiwo ze-microscopic mechanical zenziwe ngokucubungula i-semiconductors kunye nezinye izinto zisebenzisa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-semiconductor.Kwisixhobo se-micromirror yedijithali, isakhiwo si-micromirror esixhaswa yi-hinge.Iihenjisi zayo ziqhutywa ziintlawulo kwiiplate eziqhagamshelwe kwenye yeeseli zememori ezingezantsi.Ubungakanani be-micromirror nganye bumalunga nobubanzi beenwele zomntu.Esi sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiprojektha eziphathwayo zorhwebo kunye neeprojektha zethiyetha yasekhaya.
ukukhutshwa kwentsimi
Umgaqo osisiseko womboniso wokukhutshwa kwentsimi uyafana nowombhobho we-cathode ray, oko kukuthi, ii-electron zitsalwa yipleyiti kwaye zenziwe ukuba zingqubane ne-phosphor efakwe kwi-anode ukuze ikhuphe ukukhanya.I-cathode yayo iqulunqwe linani elikhulu lemithombo ye-electron encinci ehlelwe ngokulandelelana, oko kukuthi, ngendlela yoluhlu lwe-pixel enye kunye ne-cathode enye.Kanye njengemiboniso yeplasma, imiboniso yokukhutshwa kwentsimi ifuna amandla ombane aphezulu ukusebenza, ukusuka kwi-200V ukuya kwi-6000V.Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ayizange ibe yinto eqhelekileyo yepaneli yepaneli ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa izixhobo zayo zokuvelisa.
ukukhanya eziphilayo
Kwi-organic light-emitting diode display (OLED), umsinga wombane ugqithwa ngeplastiki enye okanye ngaphezulu ukuvelisa ukukhanya okufana ne-inorganic light-emitting diodes.Oku kuthetha ukuba into efunekayo kwisixhobo se-OLED sisitaki sefilimu esiqinileyo kwi-substrate.Nangona kunjalo, izinto ze-organic zivakalelwa kakhulu kumphunga wamanzi kunye ne-oxygen, ngoko ke ukutywinwa kubalulekile.Ii-OLED zizixhobo ezivelisa ukukhanya okusebenzayo kwaye zibonisa iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zokukhanya kunye neempawu zokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.Zinamandla amakhulu okuvelisa ngobuninzi kwinkqubo yokuqengqeleka-ngokwaseko kwii-substrates eziguquguqukayo kwaye ke ngoko azibizi kakhulu ukwenza.Itekhnoloji inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka kwisibane esilula se-monochromatic indawo enkulu ukuya kwimiboniso yemifanekiso yevidiyo enombala ogcweleyo.
I-inki ye-elektroniki
Imiboniso ye-ink yimiboniso elawulwa ngokufaka indawo yombane kwizinto eziphathekayo.Iqulathe inani elikhulu le-micro-sealed transparent spheres, nganye malunga ne-100 microns ububanzi, iqulethe imathiriyeli emnyama edaywe kunye namawaka amasuntswana e-titanium dioxide emhlophe.Xa intsimi yombane isetyenziswa kwizinto eziphathekayo, amasuntswana e-titanium dioxide aya kufudukela kwelinye lee-electrode ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yokutshaja.Oku kubangela ukuba ipixel ikhuphe ukukhanya okanye hayi.Ngenxa yokuba umbandela ukwi-bistable, ugcina inkcazelo kangangeenyanga.Ekubeni imeko yayo yokusebenza ilawulwa yintsimi yombane, umxholo wayo wokubonisa unokutshintshwa ngamandla amancinci.
isitshingi sokukhanya kwedangatye
I-FPD yesitshingi seFtimetri yeFlame (Isitshingi seFtometric yeFlame, i-FPD ngokufutshane)
1. Umgaqo weFPD
Umgaqo we-FPD usekelwe ekutshisweni kwesampulu kwi-flame ene-hydrogen-rich, ukwenzela ukuba i-compounds equkethe i-sulfure kunye ne-phosphorus iyancitshiswa yi-hydrogen emva kokutsha, kunye namazwe anomdla we-S2 * (imeko evuyisayo ye-S2) kunye ne-HPO. * (imeko echulumancisayo ye-HPO) yenziwa.Ezi zinto zimbini zinemincili zikhupha i-spectra malunga ne-400nm kunye ne-550nm xa zibuyela kumhlaba ophantsi.Ubunzulu bolu luhlu bulinganiswa netyhubhu yefotomultiplier, kwaye ukukhanya kokukhanya kuhambelana nesantya sokuhamba kobunzima besampulu.I-FPD ingumtshina obukhali kakhulu kwaye okhethiweyo, osetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlalutyo lwe-sulfure kunye ne-phosphorus compounds.
2. Ubume beFPD
I-FPD yisakhiwo esidibanisa i-FID kunye ne-photometer.Yaqala njengeFPD enedangatya elinye.Emva ko-1978, ukuze kulungiswe iziphene ze-FPD enedangatya elinye, kwaphuhliswa i-FPD enamadangatye amabini.Inamadangatya amabini ahlukeneyo omoya-hydrogen, idangatye elisezantsi liguqula iimolekyuli zesampulu zibe ziimveliso zokutsha eziqulethe iimolekyuli ezilula njenge-S2 kunye ne-HPO;ilangatye eliphezulu livelisa i-luminescent imincili yamaqhekeza afana ne-S2 * kunye ne-HPO *, kukho ifestile ejoliswe kwidangatye eliphezulu, kunye nokuqina kwe-chemiluminescence kuchongwa nge-photomultiplier tube.Ifestile yenziwe ngeglasi eqinile, kwaye i-flame nozzle yenziwe ngensimbi engenasici.
3. Ukusebenza kweFPD
I-FPD yi-detector ekhethiweyo yokumisela i-sulfure kunye ne-phosphorus compounds.Idangatye layo lidangatye elityebileyo nge-hydrogen, kwaye unikezelo komoya lwanele kuphela ukusabela nge-70% ye-hydrogen, ngoko ke ubushushu bomlilo buphantsi ukuvelisa isulfure enomdla kunye ne-phosphorus.Iziqwenga ezidibeneyo.Umyinge wokuhamba kwegesi ehambisa igesi, i-hydrogen kunye nomoya unempembelelo enkulu kwi-FPD, ngoko ke ulawulo lokuhamba kwegesi kufuneka luzinze kakhulu.Iqondo lobushushu ledangatye lokumiselwa kweekhompawundi ezinesulfure kufuneka libe malunga ne-390 °C, elinokuvelisa i-S2* echulumancisayo;ukumiselwa kwe-phosphorus-containing compounds, umlinganiselo we-hydrogen kunye ne-oksijini kufuneka ube phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-5, kwaye umlinganiselo we-hydrogen-to-oksijeni kufuneka utshintshwe ngokweesampuli ezahlukeneyo.Irhasi yokuthwala kunye negesi yokwakheka kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ifumane umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wesignali ukuya kwingxolo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-18-2022