Iinkqubo ezisithoba zokubumba ezichanekileyo ze-zirconia ceramics

Iinkqubo ezisithoba zokubumba ezichanekileyo ze-zirconia ceramics
Inkqubo yokubumba idlala indima yokudibanisa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokulungiselela izinto ze-ceramic, kwaye isitshixo sokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza kunye nokuphindaphinda kwemveliso yezinto ze-ceramic kunye namacandelo.
Ngophuhliso loluntu, indlela yemveli yokuxova ngesandla, indlela yokwenza ivili, indlela yokugawula, njl njl, iiseramics zemveli azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoluntu lwanamhlanje lokuvelisa kunye nokucokisa, ngoko ke inkqubo entsha yokubumba yazalwa.I-ZrO2 izixhobo ze-ceramic ezintle zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezi ntlobo ze-9 zilandelayo zeenkqubo zokubumba (iintlobo ezi-2 zeendlela ezomileyo kunye neentlobo ezi-7 zeendlela ezimanzi):

1. Ukubumba okomileyo

1.1 Ukucinezela okomileyo

Ukucinezela okomileyo kusebenzisa uxinzelelo ukucinezela umgubo weceramic kwimilo ethile yomzimba.Ingundoqo yaso kukuba phantsi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, iinqununu ze powder zisondela komnye nomnye kwi-mold, kwaye zihlanganiswe ngokuqinileyo ngokuxutywa kwangaphakathi ukuze kugcinwe isimo esithile.Isiphako esiphambili kwimizimba eluhlaza eyomileyo yi-spallation, ebangelwa ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi phakathi kweepowder kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kweepowders kunye nodonga lokubumba, okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwengcinezelo ngaphakathi komzimba.

Iingenelo zokucinezela okomileyo kukuba ubungakanani bomzimba oluhlaza buchanekile, ukusebenza kulula, kwaye kulula ukuqonda ukusebenza ngoomatshini;umxholo womswakama kunye ne-binder kwi-green dry pressing incinci, kwaye ukomisa kunye nokudubula kwe-shrinkage kuncinci.Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwenza iimveliso ezinemilo elula, kwaye i-aspect ratio incinci.Ukunyuka kweendleko zemveliso ezibangelwa kukuguga kokungunda kukungalungi koxinzelelo olomileyo.

1.2 Ukucinezela i-Isostatic

Ukucinezela kwe-Isostatic yindlela ekhethekileyo yokwenza iphuhliswe ngesiseko sokucinezela okuqhelekileyo okomileyo.Isebenzisa uxinzelelo lokuhambisa ulwelo ukufaka uxinzelelo ngokulinganayo kumgubo ngaphakathi kwe-elastic mold ukusuka macala onke.Ngenxa yokuhambelana koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-fluid, i-powder ithwala uxinzelelo olufanayo kuzo zonke iinkalo, ngoko ke umahluko kubuninzi bomzimba oluhlaza unokuphetshwa.

Ukucinezela kwe-Isostatic kwahlulwe kwingxowa emanzi yokucinezela isostatic kunye nebhegi eyomileyo yokucinezela isostatic.Ibhegi emanzi yokucinezela isostatic inokwenza iimveliso ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo, kodwa inokusebenza kuphela ngamaxesha athile.Ibhegi eyomileyo yokucinezela i-isostatic inokuqonda ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo okuqhubekayo, kodwa inokwenza kuphela iimveliso ezineemilo ezilula ezinje ngesikwere, ukungqukuva, kunye namacandelo anqamlezayo.Ukucinezela kwe-Isostatic kunokufumana iyunifomu kunye nomzimba oluhlaza, kunye nokudubula okuncinci kunye nokunciphisa okufanayo kuwo onke amacala, kodwa izixhobo zinzima kwaye zibiza, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso akuphezulu, kwaye kufanelekile kuphela ukuveliswa kwezinto ezikhethekileyo. iimfuno.

2. Ukubumba okumanzi

2.1 Ukukhulisa
Inkqubo yokubumba i-grouting ifana ne-tape casting, umahluko kukuba inkqubo yokubumba ibandakanya inkqubo yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa imichiza.Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kususa amanzi kwi-slurry ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-capillary ye-porous gypsum mold.I-Ca2 + eveliswa ngokuchithwa kwe-surface CaSO4 inyusa amandla e-ionic yodaka, okubangelwa ukujikeleza kwe-slurry.
Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokunciphisa umzimba kunye ne-chemical coagulation, i-ceramic powder particles ifakwe kwi-gypsum mold wall.I-Grouting ilungele ukulungiswa kweendawo ezinkulu ze-ceramic ezinemilo enzima, kodwa umgangatho womzimba ohlaza, kubandakanywa imilo, ubuninzi, amandla, njl. kwimisebenzi ezenzekelayo.

2.2 Ukuphoswa komlilo oshushu
Ukuphosa okushushu kwefa kukuxuba umgubo weceramic kunye ne-binder (iparafini) kubushushu obuphezulu ngokwentelekiso (60~100℃) ukufumana uludaka lokugalela ukufa okushushu.I-slurry ifakwe kwi-mold yensimbi phantsi kwesenzo somoya ocinezelweyo, kwaye uxinzelelo lugcinwa.Ukupholisa, ukudiliza ukufumana i-wax engenanto, i-wax engenanto ikhutshwe phantsi kokhuseleko lomgubo ongenayo ukuze ufumane umzimba oluhlaza, kwaye umzimba oluhlaza ufakwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze ube yiporcelain.

Umzimba oluhlaza owenziwe ngokuphosa okutshisa okutshisayo unemilinganiselo echanekileyo, ukwakheka okufanayo kwangaphakathi, ukunxiba okuncinci kokungunda kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kwaye ifanelekile kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezikrwada.Ukushisa kwe-wax slurry kunye nokubunjwa kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo, ngaphandle koko kuya kubangela ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-injection okanye i-deformation, ngoko ayifanelekanga ukuvelisa iindawo ezinkulu, kwaye inkqubo yokudubula yamanyathelo amabini inzima kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu.

2.3 Ukwenziwa kweteyiphu
I-tape casting kukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo umgubo we-ceramic kunye nenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, iiplastiki, i-dispersants, njl.Iphuma kwibhanti yokuhambisa nge-nozzle yokutya, kwaye ifilimu engenanto ifunyenwe emva kokumisa.

Le nkqubo ifanelekile ukulungiselela izinto zefilimu.Ukuze ufumane ukuguquguquka okungcono, inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo zongezwa, kwaye iiparitha zenkqubo zifunwa ukuba zilawulwe ngokungqongqo, ngaphandle koko kuya kubangela lula iziphene ezifana ne-peeling, i-streaks, amandla efilimu ephantsi okanye i-peeling enzima.Izinto eziphilayo ezisetyenzisiweyo zinetyhefu kwaye ziya kubangela ukungcoliseka kwendalo, kwaye inkqubo engeyiyo ityhefu okanye inkqubo enetyhefu encinci kufuneka isetyenziswe kangangoko ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo.

2.4 Ukubumba inaliti yejeli
Itekhnoloji yokubumba itekhnoloji yokubumba inaliti ye-gel yinkqubo entsha ye-colloidal ekhawulezayo yokwenziwa kweprototyping eyaqalwa ngabaphandi e-Oak Ridge National Laboratory ekuqaleni koo-1990.Embindini wayo kukusetyenziswa kwezisombululo ze-organic monomer ezenza i-polymerize ibe yi-high-high-high, i-lateral idityaniswe i-polymer-solvent gels.

I-slurry ye-ceramic powder echithwe kwisisombululo se-organic monomers ifakwe kwi-mold, kwaye umxube we-monomer upholisa ukwenza inxalenye ye-gelled.Ekubeni i-polymer-solvent edibeneyo edibeneyo iqulethe kuphela i-10% -20% (iqhekeza elikhulu) i-polymer, kulula ukususa i-solvent kwi-gel inxalenye ngesinyathelo sokumisa.Ngexesha elifanayo, ngenxa yoxhumo olusecaleni lweepolymers, iipolymers azikwazi ukufuduka kunye ne-solvent ngexesha lokumisa.

Le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza isigaba esinye kunye neenxalenye ze-ceramic ezidibeneyo, ezinokuthi zenze i-complex-shaped-shaped, i-quasi-net-size-ceramic parts, kwaye amandla ayo aluhlaza aphezulu njenge-20-30Mpa okanye ngaphezulu, enokuhlaziywa kwakhona.Ingxaki ephambili yale ndlela kukuba izinga lokucutheka lomzimba we-embryo liphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lenkqubo yoxinaniso, nto leyo ekhokelela ngokulula kwi-deformation ye-embryo body;ezinye i-organic monomers zine-oxygen inhibition, ebangela ukuba umphezulu uxoke kwaye uwe;ngenxa yenkqubo ye-polymerization ye-organic monomer eyenziwe ngeqondo lokushisa, ebangela ukucheba i-Temperature kukhokelela ekubeni kubekho uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, olubangela ukuba iindawo ezingenanto ziphulwe njalo njalo.

2.5 Ukubumba inaliti yokuqinisa ngokuthe ngqo
Ukubunjwa kwenaliti yokuqinisa ngokuthe ngqo bubuchwephesha bokubumba obuphuhliswe yi-ETH Zurich: amanzi anyibilikayo, umgubo weceramic kunye nezongezo zendalo zixutywe ngokupheleleyo ukwenza i-electrostatically stable, low-viscosity, high-solid-content-slurry, enokutshintshwa ngokudibanisa i-Slurry pH okanye iikhemikhali. oko kwandisa ugxininiso lwe-electrolyte, emva koko i-slurry ifakwe kwi-mold non-porous.

Lawula inkqubela phambili yeekhemikhali ngexesha lenkqubo.Ukusabela ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwenaliti kwenziwa kancinci, i-viscosity ye-slurry igcinwa iphantsi, kwaye ukusabela kuyakhawuleza emva kokubunjwa kwenaliti, i-slurry iyaqina, kwaye i-slurry yolwelo iguqulwa ibe ngumzimba oqinileyo.Umzimba oluhlaza ofunyenweyo uneempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini kwaye amandla anokufikelela kwi-5kPa.Umzimba oluhlaza udilizwe, womiswe kwaye ufakwe kwi-sintered ukuze wenze inxalenye ye-ceramic yesimo esifunwayo.

Izibonelelo zayo kukuba ayifuni okanye idinga kuphela isixa esincinci sezongezo zendalo (ngaphantsi kwe-1%), umzimba oluhlaza awufuni kuthotywa, ubunzima bomzimba obuluhlaza bufana, ukuxinana kuphezulu (55% ~ 70%), kwaye inokwenza iinxalenye ze-ceramic ezinobungakanani obukhulu kunye nobunzima.Ukungalungi kwayo kukuba izongezo ziyabiza, kwaye igesi ikhutshwa ngokubanzi ngexesha lokuphendula.

2.6 Isitofu sokubumba
Ukubunjwa kwe-injection kudala kusetyenziswa ekubunjweni kweemveliso zeplastiki kunye nokubunjwa kweentsimbi zetsimbi.Le nkqubo isebenzisa ukunyangwa kobushushu obuphantsi bezinto eziphilayo ze-thermoplastic okanye ukunyanga ubushushu obuphezulu bezinto eziphilayo ze-thermosetting.I-powder kunye ne-organic carrier ixutywe kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo sokuxuba, kwaye emva koko ifakwe kwi-mold phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu (amashumi ukuya kumakhulu eMPa).Ngenxa yoxinzelelo olukhulu lokubumba, izikhewu ezifunyenweyo zinemilinganiselo echanekileyo, ukuguqa okuphezulu kunye nesakhiwo esincinci;ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokubumba ezikhethekileyo kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 kunye nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1980, inkqubo yokubumba inaliti yasetyenziswa ekubunjweni kwamalungu e-ceramic.Le nkqubo iqonda ukubunjwa kweplastiki yezinto ezingenanto ngokongeza inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, okuyinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokubumba iplastiki yeceramic.Kwitekhnoloji yokubumba inaliti, ukongeza ekusebenziseni izinto eziphilayo ze-thermoplastic (ezifana ne-polyethylene, i-polystyrene), i-thermosetting organics (efana ne-epoxy resin, i-phenolic resin), okanye ii-polymers ezinyibilikayo emanzini njengeyona nto idibanisayo, kuyimfuneko yokongeza ubuninzi benkqubo. izixhobo ezifana neplastiki, i-lubricants kunye ne-agent edibanisayo ukuphucula ukunyuswa kokumiswa kwesitofu se-ceramic kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho womzimba owenziwe ngenaliti.

Inkqubo yokubumba inaliti ineenzuzo zeqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kunye nobukhulu obuchanekileyo bokubumba okungenanto.Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-organic kumzimba oluhlaza wamalungu e-ceramic owenziwe ngesitofu uphezulu njenge-50vol%.Kuthatha ixesha elide, kwaneentsuku ezininzi ukuya kwishumi leentsuku, ukuphelisa ezi zinto ziphilayo kwinkqubo ye-sintering elandelayo, kwaye kulula ukubangela iziphene ezisemgangathweni.

2.7 Ukubumba inaliti ye-Colloidal
Ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki zesixa esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo ezidityanisiweyo kunye nobunzima bokuphelisa ubunzima kwinkqubo yokubumba yesitofu, iYunivesithi yaseTsinghua indulule ngokuyilayo inkqubo entsha yokubumba inaliti ye-colloidal yeeseramiki, kwaye ngokuzimeleyo iphuhlise iprototype yokubumba inaliti ye-colloidal. ukuqonda isitofu sodaka oluludaka lweceramic.ukubumba.

Ingcamango esisiseko kukudibanisa ukubumba kwe-colloidal kunye ne-injection molding, usebenzisa izixhobo ze-injection yobunikazi kunye neteknoloji entsha yokunyanga enikezelwa yinkqubo yokubumba i-colloidal in-situ.Le nkqubo intsha isebenzisa ngaphantsi kwe-4wt.% yezinto eziphilayo.Isixa esincinci se-organic monomers okanye i-organic compounds kwi-suspension yamanzi-based based suspension isetyenziselwa ngokukhawuleza i-polymerization ye-organic monomers emva kokutofa kwi-mold ukwenza i-organic network skeleton, edibanisa ngokulinganayo umgubo we-ceramic.Phakathi kwabo, kungekuphela nje ixesha le-degumming lifutshane kakhulu, kodwa kunye nokwenzeka kokuqhekeka kwe-degumming kuncitshiswe kakhulu.

Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kokubumba inaliti yeekeramiki kunye nokubumba i-colloidal.Umahluko ophambili kukuba owokuqala ungowodidi lokubumba iplastiki, kwaye lo mva ungowokubumba i-slurry, oko kukuthi, i-slurry ayinayo iplastikhi kwaye iyinto eyinyumba.Ngenxa yokuba i-slurry ayinayo iplastiki ekubunjweni kwe-colloidal, ingcamango yendabuko yokubumba inaliti ye-ceramic ayinakwamkelwa.Ukuba ukubunjwa kwe-colloidal kudityaniswa nokubunjwa kwenaliti, ukubunjwa kwenaliti ye-colloidal yemathiriyeli ye-ceramic yenzeka ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zenaliti yobunikazi kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha bokunyanga obubonelelwa yinkqubo yokubumba i-colloidal in-situ.

Inkqubo entsha yokubumba inaliti ye-colloidal yeeseramics yahlukile kwi-colloidal jikelele yokubumba kunye nokubumba inaliti yesiko.Inzuzo yeqondo eliphezulu lokubumba i-automation yi-sublimation esemgangathweni yenkqubo yokubumba i-colloidal, eya kuba yithemba loshishino lwee-ceramics ze-high-tech.