Kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini ezichanekileyo, apho nokungcangcazela kwinqanaba le-micron kunokuphazamisa umgangatho wemveliso, indima yokusebenza kokudambisa i-granite iye yavela njengento etshintsha umdlalo. Uvavanyo lwakutshanje lokungcangcazela olwenziwe ngamashishini aphambili okuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo kwasekhaya kunye namaziko ophando lweshishini luqinisekisile ukuba ukwenza ngcono iimpawu zokudambisa i-granite kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukungcangcazela koomatshini, ngaloo ndlela kunyusa isivuno seendawo ezichanekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% ukuya kwi-20%. Olu phuculo lumiselwe ukukhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kweshishini loomatshini bokuchanisa ngokuchanekileyo laseTshayina kwaye lubonelele ngenkxaso yobugcisa enamandla yokutshintshwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini eziphezulu zasekhaya.
Izixhobo zomatshini ezichanekileyo kakhulu zezona zixhobo ziphambili zokwenza izinto ezibalulekileyo kumacandelo afana nee-semiconductors, amandla amatsha, i-aerospace kunye neemoto. Ngexesha lenkqubo yoomatshini, ukungcangcazela okuveliswa sisixhobo somatshini ngokwaso, izixhobo zokusika kunye nokusebenzisana kwezixhobo zomsebenzi kudla ngokukhokelela ekubeni lukhuni komphezulu, ukuphambuka kobukhulu kunye nokuguguleka kwezixhobo, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinga lokufaneleka kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo. “Kwiimeko zoomatshini ezichanekileyo kakhulu ezifuna ukuchaneka kwe-submicron, ulawulo lokungcangcazela lolona luphambili,” utshilo uLi Ming, injineli ephezulu kwi-China Precision Machinery Industry Research Institute. “Iziseko zezixhobo zomatshini zesinyithi zemveli zinezakhono ezilinganiselweyo zokudambisa, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuchaneka kwemveliso yanamhlanje.”
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-granite iye yathatha indawo yesinyithi esitshisiweyo kancinci kancinci njengesixhobo esikhethwayo kwiziseko zezixhobo zoomatshini ezichanekileyo kunye neetafile zokusebenza ngenxa yeempawu zayo zomzimba ezibalaseleyo. I-granite yendalo inobunzima obuphezulu, i-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kobushushu kunye nokumelana okuhle kokuguguleka, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwayo lwangaphakathi olukhethekileyo luyinika ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kokudambisa - inzuzo ephambili engenakulinganiswa ne-cast iron. Ukuze kuhlolwe ngokupheleleyo amandla okudambisa i-granite ekwenzeni ngcono imveliso yomatshini, iqela lophando elidibeneyo eliqulunqwe ngamashishini oshishino kunye neeyunivesithi lenze uthotho lweemvavanyo zokungcangcazela ezijolise kuzo.
Uvavanyo lwenziwe kwiziko loomatshini elinobunono obuphezulu obuzii-axis ezi-5 elixhotyiswe ngesiseko segranite, kugxilwe ekulinganiseni impendulo yokungcangcazela kwesixhobo somatshini ngexesha lokusikwa kwe-titanium alloy kunye neenxalenye ze-aluminium alloy ezinamandla aphezulu. Iqela liqale lavavanya ubukhulu bokungcangcazela kunye nokuphindaphinda kwesiseko sesinyithi esityhidiweyo phantsi kweeparamitha ezifanayo zokucubungula, emva koko lasitshintsha ngesiseko segranite esasifumene unyango olukhethekileyo lokulungisa ukudambisa kwaye lenza uvavanyo oluthelekisayo. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba isiseko segranite sinciphise ubukhulu bokungcangcazela kwesixhobo somatshini ngama-40% ukuya kuma-50% kuluhlu lwamaza ukusuka kwi-50 Hz ukuya kwi-2000 Hz, oluyeyona band iphambili yamaza okungcangcazela echaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini.
“Into ephambili yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-granite damping ikwiinkalo ezimbini: ukukhethwa kwezinto kunye netekhnoloji yokulungisa emva kokusetyenziswa,” ucacise watsho uWang Tao, umlawuli wezobugcisa weShandong Xinhua Granite Precision Components Co., Ltd., omnye wabathathi-nxaxheba kuvavanyo. “Sikhethe i-granite ore enokwakheka okufanayo kwezimbiwa kunye ne-porosity ephantsi yangaphakathi, kwaye emva kokusikwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango lokuguga, siphucule ngakumbi ukusebenza kwe-damping ngokuguqula umphezulu kunye nezakhiwo ze-damping ezifakwe ngaphakathi. Idatha yovavanyo lokungcangcazela iqinisekisile ngokupheleleyo ukuba la manyathelo anokufunxa ngempumelelo kwaye achithe ukungcangcazela komatshini, ephepha impembelelo ye-resonance kumgangatho wokucubungula.”
Isiphumo sokusebenza esisebenzayo sobuchwepheshe bokumisa i-granite obuphuculweyo simangalisa nangakumbi. Umenzi wezixhobo zeemoto ophambili eShanghai usebenzise ubuchwepheshe kumgca wakhe wokuvelisa izixhobo zeenjini ngokuchanekileyo. Emva kwenyanga yokusebenza kovavanyo, isivuno see-crankshafts kunye nee-camshafts sanda ukusuka kwi-82% ukuya kwi-98%, kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu wezixhobo bancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-Ra 0.8 μm ukuya kwi-Ra 0.4 μm, nto leyo ehlangabezana ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho yomgangatho weenjini zeemoto eziphezulu. “Ukuncipha kweemveliso ezineziphene akunciphisanga nje iindleko zemveliso kodwa kufinyeze nomjikelo wemveliso, nto leyo ezisa iingenelo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho kwishishini,” utshilo uZhang Wei, umphathi wemveliso womenzi.
Abantu abasebenzisa i-industry babonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwetekhnoloji yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-granite damping yindlela eqhelekileyo yokudibanisa isayensi yezinto kunye noomatshini bokuchaneka. Ngokuqhubeka phambili kwetekhnoloji efana ne-AI kunye neewele zedijithali, uvavanyo lokungcangcazela kunye nokwenza ngcono izixhobo ze-granite kuya kufikelela kubukrelekrele. Kwixesha elizayo, amashishini anokulungisa iiparameter zokuchaneka kweziseko ze-granite ngexesha langempela ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, iinkqubo kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezikrelekrele, ukufezekisa ulawulo lokungcangcazela oluqondene nomntu ngamnye noluchanekileyo.
I-China Machine Tool Industry Association ikhuphe idatha ebonisa ukuba imfuno yemarike yezixhobo zoomatshini ezichanekileyo kakhulu ezineenxalenye zegranite ikhula ngesantya sama-25% ngonyaka. Ukulungiswa kokusebenza kokudambisa igranite kuya kwandisa ngakumbi iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwegranite kwishishini lezixhobo zoomatshini, kungekuphela nje kwiindawo zoomatshini ezichanekileyo kakhulu kodwa nakwiimatshini zokulinganisa ezilungelelanisiweyo, izixhobo zokucubungula i-laser kunye nezinye izixhobo eziphezulu. Oku kuya kunceda ishishini lezixhobo zoomatshini laseTshayina ukuba liphume kwimida yobuchwepheshe yokulawula ngokuchanekileyo kwaye lonyuse ukhuphiswano lwalo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
“Uvavanyo lokungcangcazela lusisiseko sokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-granite damping, kwaye ukuphuculwa kwemveliso ye-machining yeyona njongo iphambili yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe,” utshilo uChen Hong, uprofesa kwiSikolo soBunjineli boMatshini kwiYunivesithi yaseTsinghua. “Kwixesha elizayo, siza kuqhubeka nokwandisa uphando malunga nendlela yokufunxa i-granite, siphuhlise iinkqubo zokuphucula kunye neendlela zokuvavanya ezisebenzayo, kwaye sinegalelo elingakumbi kuphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini lokuvelisa elichanekileyo laseTshayina.”
Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo kwizixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, i-granite idlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwishishini loomatshini abachanekileyo. Impumelelo kubuchwepheshe bokwenza ngcono ukusebenza, eqinisekiswe luvavanyo lokungcangcazela kwesayensi, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kufaka amandla amatsha ekuphuculweni kweshishini lezixhobo zoomatshini laseTshayina kwaye incede icandelo lokuvelisa elikumgangatho ophezulu lasekhaya ukuba lithathe inyathelo eliqinileyo ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu lexabiso lehlabathi. 
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-15-2026