Yintoni umatshini wokulinganisa?

AUnxibelelwano olulungelelanisiweyo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zendlela ezisetyenziswa kwii-CMMs, kubandakanya oomatshini, i-optical, i-laser, kunye nokukhanya emhlophe. Kuxhomekeka kumatshini, isikhundla seProbe sinokulawulwa ngesandla ngumsebenzisi okanye inokuba ilawulwa yikhompyuter. Ii-CMMS zihlala zichaza imeko yeProbhe malunga nokususwa kwayo kwindawo yereferensi kwinkqubo yolungelelwaniso lweCostal Cruestian Chrintal Chrintal Counts (okt, nge-XYZ Axes). Ukongeza kwi-probe ye-X, Y, kunye ne-Z Axes, oomatshini abaninzi bavumela i-engile yeprobe ilawulwe ukuvumela ukulinganisa okungafikeleleki.

I-CBI ye-3D "i-CMM" ivumela intshukumo ye-PRBE, i-Axes ezintathu, x, y kunye ne-Z, eyi-Orthogonal omnye komnye kwiNkqubo yokuLungelelanisa iChristal Crudinate ye-Chutes. I-axis nganye inenzwa ebeka iliso kwi-Probe ye-Axis, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuchaneka kwe-micrometer. Xa uqhwaba iiprojektha (okanye ngenye indlela fumanisa indawo ethile kwinto, iisampulu zoomatshini abaneenzwakazi ezintathu, ngaloo ndlela belinganisa indawo yendawo enye, kunye ne-vectory ye-3 yomlinganiso othathiweyo. Le nkqubo iphindaphindwa njengemfuneko, ishukumise i-Probe qho, ukuvelisa "ilifu" lenqaku "elichaza imimandla enomdla.

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-CMMs kukwemveliso nakwiinkqubo zendibano zokuvavanya inxalenye okanye kwindibano ngokuchasene nenjongo yoyilo. Kwizicelo ezinjalo, amafu akhoyo aveliswayo ahlaziywa nge-algorithms yokuhlengahlengiswa kolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo lweempawu. La manqaku aqokelelwa ngokusebenzisa iprobe ye-probe eyenzelwe ngesandla ngumsebenzi okanye ngokuzenzekelayo kulawulo lwekhompyuter ngqo (i-DCC). I-DCC i-CCC ingenziwa ukuba ilingane ngamalungu afanayo; Yiyo loo nto i-CMM ezenzekelayo yindlela ekhethekileyo yerobhothi yemveliso.

Amalungu

Oomatshini bokulinganisa inguquko ibandakanya izinto ezintathu eziphambili:

• Eyona nto iphambili kubandakanya ii-axes ezintathu zentshukumo. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha isakhelo esihambayo siye sahluka kwiminyaka edlulileyo. I-Granite kunye nentsimbi zazisetyenziswa kwii-CMM zakudala. Namhlanje zonke iindlela eziphambili ze-CMM zakha iifreyimu ezivela kwi-Aluminium Alloy okanye ikhutshiwe kwaye zisebenzise i-ceramic ukonyusa ukuqina kwe-Axis yeScreen. Bambalwa abakhi be-CMM namhlanje abasayenza isakhelo se-GMM Ngokwesiqhelo kuphela abakhi be-CMM ye-CMM ye-CMM kunye nabavelisi basekhaya e-China naseIndiya basenza i-Cranite Coms ngenxa yendlela esezantsi yetekhnoloji kunye nokungena ngokulula kubakhi we-CMM. Indlela eyandayo yokuya kwiskena ifuna ukuba i-CMM Z ifuna ukuba i-axis ye-stiffer kunye nezinto ezintsha ziziswe njengee-ceramic kunye ne-calicon carbide.
• Inkqubo yokufumana
• Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nenkqubo yokuncitshiswa-Ngokwesiqhelo kubandakanya umlawuli wemishini, ikhompyuter yedesktop kunye nesoftware yokufaka isicelo.

Ukubakho

Aba matshini banokuba sima simahla, baphathelele kwaye baphathwa.

Ukuchaneka

Ukuchaneka koomatshini bokulungelelaniswa kunikezelwa njengento engenakuthelekiswa nanto njengomsebenzi ngaphezulu komgama. Nge-CMM usebenzisa i-Pight Probe, oku kunxulumene nokuphindwa kwenkqubo yokufumana ulwazi kunye nokuchaneka kwesikali selayini. Ukuphindaphindwa okuqhelekileyo kwe-probe kungakhokelela kwimilinganiselo yangaphakathi .001mm okanye .00005 intshi (isiqingatha seshumi) kwivolumu yonke. Kwisi-3, 3 + 2, kunye noomatshini aba-5 oomatshini, ama-pries bahlala rhoqo besebenzisa imigangatho ethe kratya kwaye intshukumo yomatshini iqinisekisiwe kusetyenziswa i-gaugs ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.

Iinxalenye ezithile

Imizimba yomatshini

I-CMM yokuqala yaphuhliswa yiNkampani yeFeranti ye-Scotland kwiminyaka yoo-1950s ngenxa yemfuno ethe ngqo yokulinganisa izinto ezichanekileyo kwiimveliso zomkhosi, nangona lo matshini wayene-axes ezimbini kuphela. Imodeli yokuqala ye-3-Axis yokuqala yaqala ukubonakala kwi-1960s (i-DEA ye-Itali) kunye nolawulo lwekhompyuter) kunye ne-CAMMS yokuqala ye-CMM kodwa ithengiswa nge-brownene kwaye ibukhali eMelbourne, eNgilani. (Leitz Germany emva koko wavelisa isakhiwo somatshini osisigxina ngetafile ehambayo.

Kumatshini wale mihla, ulwakhiwo lohlobo lwe-uperys lunemilenze emibini kwaye ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yibhulorho. Oku kuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwitafile yegranite ngomlenze omnye (ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-umlenze engaphakathi) ilandela isikhokelo somvulo oxhonywe kwelinye icala letafile yeGrancite. Umlenze ochaseneyo (rhoqo ngaphandle komlenze) phumla kwitafile yegranticite emva kwendawo ethe nkqo. Iibheringi zomoya yindlela ekhethiweyo yokuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo. Kwezi zinto, umoya oxinzelelweyo unyanzeliswa ngothotho lwemingxunya emincinci kakhulu kwindawo ethatyathwayo ukuba ibonelele nge-cashion yomoya okanye elawulwayo apho i-CMM ingafikeleli ngendlela engenamkhethe enokuhlawulwa ngesoftware. Intshukumo yebhulorho okanye i-gentry ecaleni kwetafile yeGrancite icacisa enye i-axis yendiza ye-XY. Ibhulorho ye-GNGRY iqulethe inqwelwana ehamba phakathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemilenze kwaye iyenza enye i-x okanye y i-axis ethe tyaba. I-Axis yesithathu yentshukumo (i-z axis) inikezelwa ngokongezwa kwe-quill ethe nkqo okanye i-spindle esuka ezantsi ihla embindini wenqwelwana. Iprojektha yokuchukumisa yenziwa sisixhobo esibonakalayo ekupheleni kwequla. Ukuhamba kwe-x, y kunye ne-z axes ichaza ngokupheleleyo imvulophu yokulinganisa. Iitafile zojikelezo ezinokukhetha zinokusetyenziselwa ukonyusa ukwenziwa kwemvume ye-Probe yokulinganisa esebenzayo. Itheyibhile ejikelezayo njenge-drive yesine ye-Axis ayiphumi kwimilinganiselo yokulinganisa, ehlala i-3D, kodwa inika inqanaba lokuguquguquka. Abanye abachukumisayo abazinza ngokwabo izixhobo ezijikelezayo ezine-probe ye-probe ikwazi ukuqhuma ngokuthe nkqo ngaphezulu kwe-180 idigri kunye nokujikeleza kwenqanaba lama-360.

Ii-CMMs ngoku ziyafumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubandakanya ii-cmm iingalo ezisebenzisa imilinganiselo ye-angland ethathwe kumalungu e-Arm ukubala isikhundla seziphuli zesty pikis, kwaye zinokupheliswa ngenjongo yokujonga i-laser. Ingalo enjalo i-CMMS idla ngokusetyenziswa apho kusenziwa khona i-CMMS emiselweyo ye-CMMS- ngokugcina iindawo ezimiselweyo, isoftware yokungqinisisa ivumela ukuhambisa i-nerasmo yokulinganisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokulinganisa. Kuba ii-CMM I-ARS ARD zixelisa ukuguquguquka kwengalo yomntu bahlala bekwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo ezinobunzima obungenakwenzeka kuMatshini oMthathu we-axis.

I-Probe yoMsebenzi

Kwiintsuku zokuqala zokulungelelanisa umlinganiso (i-CMM), i-forpes yoomatshini ifakwe kumnini owodwa ekupheleni kwe-quill. I-probe eqhelekileyo kakhulu yenziwa ngokuthengisa ibhola enzima ukuya esiphelweni seshaft. Oku bekulungele ukulinganisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lobuso, i-cylindrical okanye i-spherical. Olunye uhlobo lwaluyimfihlo kwiimilo ezithile, umzekelo, i-quadrate, ukwenza imilinganiselo ekhethekileyo. Ezi zinto zaziqhutywa ngokuchasene nomsebenzi wesikhundla esikwindawo efundwayo kwi-3-Axis Digital Digital Sprictal (i-Do) okanye kwi-InO) okanye kwikhompyuter kwi-fitsitch okanye i-fitsion nge-fitsitch okanye i-fitch kwi-fitsitch okanye isixhobo esifanayo. Imilinganiselo ethathwe yile ndlela yoxilo-mphelelo yayihlala ingenakuthembeka njengokuba oomatshini bashukunyiswa ngesandla kunye nomqhubi ngamnye osetyenzisiweyo osetyenziswa uxinzelelo kwi-Probe okanye amaSecedo amkelweyo kumlinganiso.

Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwaluyongezwa iimoto zokuqhuba i-Axis nganye. Abaqhubi abasayi kuphinda bachukumise ngokomzimba umatshini kodwa banokuqhuba i-axis nganye usebenzisa ibhokisi yesandla kunye ne-vuyo ngendlela efanayo ne-Decestice. Ukulungelelaniswa kokulinganisa kunye nokuchaneka kokuphucula ngokumangalisayo ngokuyilwa kwe-elektroniki ye-elektroniki. Uvulindlela wesi sixhobo sitsha yayinguDavid McMartry owenze emva koko ukuba yintoni ngoku i-renishaw plc. Nangona isixhobo sonxibelelwano, iProbe yayinebhola yentsimbi elayishwe yintsimbi (ibhola yeruby yeRuby) stylus. Njengoko i-probe ichukumise umphezulu wecandelo istylus ikhutshiwe kwaye ngaxeshanye ithumele i-X, Y, ilungelelanise ulwazi kwikhompyuter. Iimpazamo zokulinganisa ezibangelwe ngabaqhubi abathile baba mbalwa kwaye eli nqanaba lalisekiwe ekuqaliseni imisebenzi ye-CNC kunye nokuza kwe-CMMS.

I-Optical I-Persicals ziinkqubo ze-lens-CCD-System, ezihamba njengabalingane, kwaye zijolise kwinqanaba lenzala, endaweni yokuchukumisa umxholo. Umfanekiso obambekeleyo womphezulu uya kufakwa kwimida yefestile yokulinganisa, de intsalela yanele ukwahlula phakathi kwemimandla emnyama nemhlophe. Ijika eliyahlula-hlula lingabalwa kwinqanaba, eliyindawo yokulinganisa efunwayo kwisithuba. Ulwazi oluthe tye kwi-CCD luyi-2D (i-xy) kunye nendawo ethe nkqo yindawo yenkqubo epheleleyo ye-Z-Drive (okanye enye into).

Ukuskena kweNkqubo yeProbe

Kukho iimodeli ezintsha ezinamafutha athatyathwayo ecaleni kwenxalenye yokuthatha amanqaku ngamanqanaba athile, eyaziwa ngokuba yiskena. Le ndlela yokuhlolwa kwe-CMM ihlala ichanekile ngakumbi kunendlela yokuphucula iprojektha yokwenyani kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ngokukhawuleza.

Isizukulwana esilandelayo sokuskena, esaziwa ngokuba siskena, esibandakanya isantya esiphezulu se-triangling, iskena somgca we-laser, kunye neskena esikhanyayo, siyakhawuleza kakhulu. Le ndlela isebenzisa imiqadi yomzi okanye ukukhanya emhlophe eqikelelweyo ngokuchasene nenxalenye yenxalenye. Amawakawaka amanqaku anokuthi emva koko athathwe kwaye asetyenziswe kungekuphela nje ekukhangeleni ubungakanani kunye nesikhundla, kodwa ukwenza umfanekiso we-3D wenxalenye. Le datha "ye-Poid-Card" inokuthi idluliselwe kwisoftware ye-CAD ukwenza imodeli ye-3D yenxalenye yenxalenye. Eziskena ezibonakalayo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezithambileyo okanye ezinamachaphaza okanye ukuqhuba ubunjineli.

I-micrometrology iPhezulu

Iinkqubo zokuthatha iinkqubo zeMicroscale kwizicelo zenye indawo ekhulayo. Kukho oomatshini abaliqela abaququzelelayo abanobume boMeyi (i-CMM) enomatshini wokudityaniswa kwe-microfa kule nkqubo, iinkqubo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo kwiilebhu zikarhulumente, kunye naliphi na inani leqonga leMetrology ye-Metrology leMicroscale. Nangona olu matshini lulungile kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi amaqonga afanelekileyo kwi-Metrology ene-Nanometric Scales, umda wazo oPhakamileyo yindawo enokuthenjwa, eyomeleleyo, eyaneleyo ye-Micro / ye-Nano.^{[Isimo siyimfuneko]}Imiceli mngeni yokufumana itekhnoloji yokufumana itekhnoloji ye-propeting enika amandla okufikelela kumandla anzulu, emxinwa ngemikhosi yoqhakamshelwano ephantsi ukuze ingawonakalisi umphezulu kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu (i-Nanometer inqanaba).^{[Isimo siyimfuneko]}Ukongeza i-microscale i-microscale ithethwe kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo ezinje ngokwenza umswakama kunye nokusebenzisana komhlaba njengokubetheka komhlaba^{[Isimo siyimfuneko]}

Iitekhnoloji zokufezekisa i-microscale ifikelela kubandakanya ingxelo efihliweyo ye-classical Corpical, i-gorical, kunye ne-probe esengqingweni phakathi kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji yangoku eyangoku ayinakukwazi ukuthathwa kancinci ukuba ilinganise inqaku elinzulu, emxinwa, kunye nesisombululo esibonakalayo sinqunyelwe kukuKhanya. I-X-R-Ray Imayile ibonelela ngomfanekiso wento kodwa akukho lwazi lwezemidlalo.

Imigaqo yokomoya

I-Optical I-Poides kunye / okanye okanye i-laser ingenziwa (ukuba kunokwenzeka ngokudibeneyo), etshintsha i-cmms ukulinganisa i-microscope okanye yoomatshini bokulinganisa obuninzi. Iinkqubo zokuqikelela i-FINGE, iinkqubo zeTheodolite zombane okanye iinkqubo zokuhamba ze-Laser ezikude kwaye zona I-laser isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umgama phakathi komphezulu kunye nesalathiso sokuphela kwe-tinematic chain (okt: ukuphela kwecandelo le-Z-Drive). Oku kunokusebenzisa umsebenzi ongaphazamisi, ukwahluka kokugxila, ukugqabhuka okukhanyayo okanye umgaqo we-beam.

Oomatshini bokulinganisa abahlanganisiweyo

Ngelixa ii-CMMs zendabs zisebenzisa i-probe ehamba kwi-axes ezintathu ze-carteesian ukulinganisa iimpawu zomzimba zento, i-CMMs ephathekayo zisebenzisa iingalo ezibonakalayo okanye iinkqubo ze-SCMS ezisebenzisa iindlela zentshukumo zentshukumo ejikeleze into.

Ii-CMMs eziphathwayo ezine-ARMs ezichaziweyo zinee-axes ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe ezixhotyiswe nge-rostders ejikelezayo, endaweni ye-axes yelayini. Iingalo eziphathwayo zilula (zihlala zingaphantsi kweepawundi ezingama-20 kwaye zinokuthwalwa kwaye zisetyenziswe phantse naphi na. Nangona kunjalo, ii-CMMs Optical ziya zisetyenziswa kwishishini. Yenzelwe ngekhamera ye-compact okanye i-matrix i-matrix (njenge-Microsoft i-Natic), i-CMMS ye-optical incinci kune-CMMS ephambeneyo, ibonisa ukuba abasebenzisi bathathe lula imilinganiselo ye-3D kuzo zonke iindawo.

Ezinye iinkqubo ezingafunekiyo zinjengokutshintsha ubunjineli, i-protografing ekhawulezayo, kunye nokuhlolwa okukhulu kweenxalenye zazo zonke iisayizi zilungele ii-CMMs eziphathwayo. Izibonelelo ze-CMMs eziphathwayo zininzi. Abasebenzisi banobubhengeze ngokuthatha imilinganiselo ye-3D yazo zonke iintlobo zenxalenye kunye neendawo ezikude / ezinzima. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ayifuni imeko elawulwayo yokuthatha amanyathelo achanekileyo. Ngapha koko, ii-CMMs eziphathekayo zihlala zixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-cmms zemveli.

Urhwebo lwendalo-Offs lwe-CMMS ephathekayo yintsebenziswano (bahlala bafuna umntu ukuba asebenzise). Ukongeza, ukuchaneka kwabo ngokubanzi kunokuba yinto engachanekanga kunelo yohlobo lwebhulorho kwaye kulunge ngakumbi kwezinye izicelo.

Oomatshini bokulinganisa iAltertenstor

Itekhnoloji ye-CMM ye-CMM isebenzisa iPints ​​Touch namhlanje ihlala idityaniswa nezinye itekhnoloji yokulinganisa. Oku kubandakanya i-laser, ividiyo okanye izilonda ezimhlophe ukubonelela ngento eyaziwa ngokuba ngumlinganiso we-mfundo.