Aukulungelelanisa umatshini wokulinganisa(CMM) sisixhobo esilinganisa ijiyometri yezinto ezibonakalayo ngokubona iindawo ezingacacanga kumphezulu wento ngeprobe.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeprobe zisetyenziswa kwiiCMM, kubandakanya oomatshini, optical, laser, kunye nokukhanya okumhlophe.Kuxhomekeka kumatshini, indawo yeprobe inokulawulwa ngesandla ngumsebenzisi okanye inokulawulwa yikhompyutha.Ii-CMM ngokuqhelekileyo zichaza indawo yophando ngokwemiqathango yokufuduswa kwayo kwindawo yereferensi kwindlela yolungelelwaniso yeCartesian ene-dimensional-dimensional ezintathu (okt, ngee-axes ze-XYZ).Ukongeza ekuhambiseni i-probe ecaleni kwe-X, Y, kunye no-Z, oomatshini abaninzi bavumela i-angle ye-probe ukuba ilawulwe ukuvumela umlinganiselo wemigangatho ebinokungafikeleleki.
"Ibhulorho" ye-CMM eqhelekileyo ye-3D ivumela ukunyakaza kwe-probe kunye ne-axes ezintathu, i-X, i-Y kunye ne-Z, ezi-orthogonal enye kwenye kwi-dimensional ye-Cartesian coordinate system.I-axis nganye ine-sensor ejonga indawo yeprobe kuloo axis, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokuchaneka kwe-micrometer.Xa abafowunelwa be-probe (okanye ngenye indlela bebona) indawo ethile kwinto, umatshini uthatha iisampulu zeendawo ezintathu zoluvo, ngaloo ndlela ulinganisa indawo yendawo enye kumphezulu wento, kunye ne-3-dimensional vector yomlinganiselo othathiweyo.Le nkqubo iphinda iphindwe njengoko iyimfuneko, ihambisa i-probe ngexesha ngalinye, ukuvelisa "ilifu lenqaku" elichaza iindawo eziphezulu zomdla.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwee-CMM kukuvelisa kunye neenkqubo zokuhlanganisa ukuvavanya inxalenye okanye indibano ngokuchasene nenjongo yoyilo.Kwizicelo ezinjalo, ii-point clouds zenziwa ezihlalutywa nge-regression algorithms kulwakhiwo lweempawu.La manqaku aqokelelwa ngokusebenzisa i-probe ebekwe ngesandla ngumqhubi okanye ngokuzenzekelayo nge-Direct Computer Control (DCC).Ii-CMM ze-DCC zinokucwangciswa ukuba zilinganise ngokuphindaphindiweyo iindawo ezifanayo;ngoko i-CMM ezenzekelayo luhlobo oluthile lwerobhothi yoshishino.
Amacandelo
Oomatshini bokulinganisa ukulungelelanisa baquka izinto ezintathu eziphambili:
- Isakhiwo esiphambili esibandakanya ii-axes ezintathu zentshukumo.Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha isakhelo esishukumayo ziye zahluka kwiminyaka.Igranite kunye nentsimbi zazisetyenziswa kwiiCMM zakuqala.Namhlanje bonke abavelisi abakhulu be-CMM bakha iifreyimu ukusuka kwi-aluminium alloy okanye enye i-derivative kwaye basebenzise i-ceramic ukunyusa ukuqina kwe-axis ye-Z yokuskena izicelo.Bambalwa abakhi be-CMM namhlanje abasenza isakhelo segranite ye-CMM ngenxa yemfuno yentengiso yokuphuculwa kwe-metrology dynamics kunye nomkhwa okhulayo wokufaka iCMM ngaphandle kwelebhu esemgangathweni.Ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela abakhi be-CMM abanomthamo ophantsi kunye nabavelisi basekhaya e-China nase-Indiya basavelisa i-granite ye-CMM ngenxa yendlela ye-teknoloji ephantsi kunye nokungena lula ukuze ube ngumakhi wesakhelo se-CMM.Indlela eyandayo yokuskena ikwafuna i-CMM Z axis ukuba yomelele kwaye imathiriyeli entsha yazisiwe njengeceramic kunye nesilicon carbide.
- Inkqubo yokuhlola
- Ukuqokelela idatha kunye nenkqubo yokunciphisa - ngokuqhelekileyo iquka umlawuli womatshini, ikhompyutha yedeskithophu kunye nesofthiwe yesicelo.
Ubukho
Aba matshini banokuthi bazimele, baphathwe ngesandla kwaye baphatheke.
Ukuchaneka
Ukuchaneka kokulungelelaniswa koomatshini bokulinganisa ngokuqhelekileyo kunikwa njengento yokungaqiniseki njengomsebenzi kumgama.Kwi-CMM isebenzisa i-touch probe, oku kuhambelana nokuphindaphinda kweprobe kunye nokuchaneka kwezikali zomgca.Ukuphindaphindwa kweprobe kunokubangela imilinganiselo engaphakathi kwe.001mm okanye .00005 intshi (isiqingatha seshumi) ngaphezulu komthamo womlinganiselo uphela.Kwi-3, i-3 + 2, kunye ne-5 koomatshini be-axis, iiprobes zilungelelaniswa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa imigangatho elandelwayo kwaye ukunyakaza komatshini kuqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa i-gauges ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka.
Amalungu athile
Umzimba womatshini
I-CMM yokuqala yaphuhliswa yiNkampani yeFerranti yaseSkotlani kwiminyaka yee-1950 njengesiphumo sesidingo esithe ngqo sokulinganisa amacandelo achanekileyo kwiimveliso zabo zomkhosi, nangona lo matshini wayenezembe ezi-2 kuphela.Iimodeli zokuqala ze-3-axis zaqala ukubonakala kwi-1960s (i-DEA yase-Italy) kunye nolawulo lwekhompyutheni lwaqala ekuqaleni kwe-1970 kodwa i-CMM yokuqala esebenzayo yaphuhliswa kwaye yathengiswa nguBrowne & Sharpe eMelbourne, eNgilani.(I-Leitz yaseJamani emva koko yavelisa umatshini osisigxina kunye netafile eshukumayo.
Kwimishini yanamhlanje, i-gantry-type superstructure inemilenze emibini kwaye ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yibhuloho.Oku kuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ecaleni kwetafile yegranite ngomlenze omnye (odla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngumlenze wangaphakathi) ngokulandela umgaqo kaloliwe odityaniswe kwelinye icala letafile yegranite.Umlenze ochaseneyo (ohlala ungaphandle komlenze) uphumla ngokulula kwitafile yegranite elandela icontour yomphezulu othe nkqo.Iibheringi zomoya yindlela ekhethiweyo yokuqinisekisa ukuhamba simahla.Kwezi, umoya ocinezelekileyo unyanzeliswa kuthotho lwemingxuma emincinci kakhulu kwindawo ethweleyo ethe tyaba ukuze kubonelelwe nge-cushion yomoya egudileyo kodwa elawulwayo apho i-CMM inokuhamba ngendlela ekufutshane ne-frictionless enokubuyiselwa ngesoftware.Ukuhamba kwebhulorho okanye i-gantry ecaleni kwetafile yegranite yenza i-axis enye yendiza ye-XY.Ibhulorho ye-gantry iqulethe inqwelo enqumla phakathi kwemilenze yangaphakathi nangaphandle kwaye yenza enye i-X okanye i-Y exwesileyo.I-axis yesithathu yentshukumo (i-axis ye-Z) ibonelelwa ngokongezwa kwe-quill ethe nkqo okanye i-spindle ehamba phezulu kunye nezantsi embindini wekhariji.I-touch probe yenza isixhobo sezivamvo ekupheleni kwequill.Ukuhamba kwee-axes ze-X, Y kunye no-Z kuchaza ngokupheleleyo imvulophu yokulinganisa.Iitheyibhile eziziinketho ezijikelezayo zingasetyenziselwa ukomeleza ukufikeleleka kweprobe yokulinganisa kwizinto zokusebenza ezintsonkothileyo.Itafile ejikelezayo njenge-axis yesine ye-drive ayiphuculi imilinganiselo yokulinganisa, ehlala i-3D, kodwa inika iqondo lokuguquguquka.Ezinye iiprobes ezichukumisayo ngokwazo zinezixhobo ezijikelezayo ezinencam yeprobe ekwazi ukujikeleza ngokuthe nkqo ngaphezulu kwe-180 degrees kunye nokujikeleza okugcweleyo kwe-360 degree.
Ii-CMM ngoku zikwafumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.Ezi zibandakanya iingalo ze-CMM ezisebenzisa imilinganiselo ye-angular ethatyathwe kumalungu engalo ukubala indawo yencam ye-stylus, kwaye inokuxhotyiswa nge-probes ye-laser scanning kunye ne-optical imaging.Ingalo enjalo i-CMM idla ngokusetyenziswa apho ukuphatheka kwabo kuyinzuzo ngaphezu kwe-CMMs zebhedi ezisisigxina- ngokugcina iindawo ezilinganisiweyo, isofthiwe yeprogram ivumela ukuhambisa ingalo yokulinganisa ngokwayo, kunye nomthamo wayo wokulinganisa, malunga nenxalenye ukuze ilinganiswe ngexesha lesiqhelo lokulinganisa.Ngenxa yokuba iingalo ze-CMM zilinganisa ukuguquguquka kwengalo yomntu nazo zihlala zikwazi ukufikelela kumbindi weendawo ezintsonkothileyo ezingenakuphononongwa kusetyenziswa umatshini womgangatho wesithathu we-axis.
Iprobe yoomatshini
Kwiintsuku zokuqala zokulinganisa ukulungelelaniswa (CMM), iiprobes zoomatshini zifakwe kwi-holder ekhethekileyo ekupheleni kwe-quill.I-probe eqhelekileyo kakhulu yenziwe ngokuthengisa ibhola eqinile ukuya ekupheleni kwe-shaft.Oku kwakufanelekile ukulinganisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lobuso obusicaba, umphezulu wecylindrical okanye ongqukuva.Ezinye iiprobe zaculwa kwiimilo ezithile, umzekelo iquadrant, ukwenza umlinganiselo weempawu ezizodwa.Ezi probe zabanjwa ngokwasemzimbeni ngokuchasene nomsebenzi kunye nendawo esesithubeni efundwa kwi-3-axis digital readout (DRO) okanye, kwiinkqubo ezihambele phambili kakhulu, ifakwe kwikhompyuter ngendlela ye-footswitch okanye isixhobo esifanayo.Imilinganiselo ethatyathwe yile ndlela yoqhagamshelwano yayihlala ingathembekanga njengoko oomatshini babeshukunyiswa ngesandla kwaye umsebenzisi ngamnye womatshini wayesebenzisa amanani ahlukeneyo oxinzelelo kwiprobe okanye amkele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa.
Olunye uphuhliso yayikukongezwa kweenjini zokuqhuba i-axis nganye.Abasebenzisi kwakungaseyomfuneko ukuba babambe umatshini ngokwasemzimbeni kodwa babekwazi ukuqhuba i-axis nganye besebenzisa ibhokisi yesandla enezinti zovuyo ngendlela efanayo neemoto zangoku ezilawulwa kude.Ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kunye nokuchaneka kuphuculwe kakhulu ngokuveliswa kweprobe ye-electronic touch trigger probe.Uvulindlela wesi sixhobo sitsha sophando yayinguDavid McMurtry owathi emva koko waseka into ngoku eyiRenishaw plc.Nangona isesixhobo soqhagamshelwano, i-probe yayinebhola yentsimbi elayishwe entwasahlobo (kamva ibhola yerubhi) yosiba.Njengoko uphononongo luchukumisa umphezulu welungu isimbo sokubhala sijikile saze ngaxeshanye sathumela i-X,Y,Z yokulungelelanisa ulwazi kwikhompyutha.Iimpazamo zokulinganisa ezibangelwa ngabaqhubi ngabanye zaba mbalwa kwaye isiteji samiselwa ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi ye-CNC kunye nokuza kweminyaka yobudala be-CMM.
Intloko yophendlo oluqhutywa ngeemoto kunye ne-electronic touch trigger probe
Iiprobes ze-Optical ziyi-lens-CCD-systems, ezishukunyiswa njengezomatshini, kwaye zijoliswe kwindawo yomdla, endaweni yokuchukumisa izinto eziphathekayo.Umfanekiso othathiweyo womphezulu uya kufakwa kwimida yefestile yokulinganisa, de kube intsalela yanele ukuchasana phakathi kweendawo ezimnyama nezimhlophe.Igophe lokwahlula lingabalwa ukuya kwinqanaba, eyona ndawo ifunwayo yokulinganisa esithubeni.Ulwazi oluthe tye kwi-CCD yi-2D (XY) kwaye indawo ethe nkqo yindawo yokuhlola epheleleyo kwi-stand-Z-drive (okanye enye inxalenye yesixhobo).
Ukuskena iinkqubo zeprobe
Kukho imifuziselo emitsha ene probes ezirhuqa kumphezulu wenxalenye ethatha amanqaku ngamaxesha achaziweyo, aziwa njenge probes zokuskena.Le ndlela yokuhlola i-CMM ihlala ichanekile ngakumbi kunendlela yesiqhelo yokucofa-coca kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ngokukhawuleza ngokunjalo.
Isizukulwana esilandelayo sokuskena, esaziwa njenge-noncontact scanning, ebandakanya isantya esiphezulu selaser single point triangulation, ukuskena komgca welaser, kunye nokuskena kokukhanya okumhlophe, sihambela phambili ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.Le ndlela isebenzisa nokuba yimiqadi yelaser okanye ukukhanya okumhlophe okuqikelelwe kumphezulu wenxalenye.Amawaka amaninzi amanqaku anokuthathwa kwaye asetyenziswe hayi kuphela ukujonga ubungakanani kunye nendawo, kodwa ukwenza umfanekiso we-3D wenxalenye ngokunjalo.Le "data-point-cloud data" inokudluliselwa kwisoftware yeCAD ukwenza imodeli esebenzayo ye-3D yenxalenye.Ezi scanner zamehlo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezithambileyo okanye eziethe-ethe okanye ukwenza lula ubunjineli obubuyela umva.
- Micrometrology probes
Iisistim zokuhlola usetyenziso lwe-microscale metrology yenye indawo evelayo.Kukho oomatshini bokulinganisa abakhoyo borhwebo (CMM) abanemicroprobe edityaniswe kwisistim, iinkqubo ezininzi ezizodwa kwiilabhoratri zikarhulumente, kunye nalo naliphi na inani lamaqonga e-metrology eyunivesiti eyakhiwe nge-microscale metrology.Nangona aba matshini belungile kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi iiplatifti ze-metrology ezigqwesileyo ezinezikali ze-nanometric, umda wabo oyintloko yinto ethembekileyo, eyomeleleyo, ekwaziyo ukuphanda nge-micro/nano.[ucaphulo olufunekayo]Imingeni yetekhnoloji yokuhlola i-microscale ibandakanya imfuno yomgangatho ophezulu we-probe enika amandla okufikelela kubunzulu, iimpawu ezimxinwa ezinemikhosi ephantsi yoqhagamshelwano ukuze kungonakalisi umphezulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu (inqanaba le-nanometer).[ucaphulo olufunekayo]Ukongeza ii-microscale probes zisesichengeni seemeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokufuma kunye nokusebenzelana komphezulu okufana nokuncamathela (okubangelwa kukuncamathela, i-meniscus, kunye/okanye imikhosi yeVan der Waals phakathi kwezinye).[ucaphulo olufunekayo]
Itekhnoloji yokufikelela kwi-microscale probing ibandakanya inguqulelo eyehlisiwe yeeprobes ze-CMM zakudala, ii-optical probes, kunye ne-wave wave probe phakathi kwabanye.Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji yangoku yangoku ayinakulinganiswa incinci ngokwaneleyo ukulinganisa ubunzulu, imbonakalo emxinwa, kunye nesisombululo se-optical kuthintelwe bubude bokukhanya.Imifanekiso yeX-reyi ibonelela ngomfanekiso wefitsha kodwa akukho lwazi lulandelekayo lwe-metrology.
- Imigaqo yomzimba
Iiprobes ze-Optical probes kunye / okanye i-laser probes zinokusetyenziswa (ukuba kunokwenzeka ngokudibeneyo), ezitshintsha ii-CMMs kwi-microscopes yokulinganisa okanye oomatshini bokulinganisa i-multi-sensor.Iinkqubo zokubonisa i-fringe, iinkqubo ze-theodolite triangulation okanye iinkqubo ze-laser ezikude kunye ne-triangulation azibizwa ngokuba ngoomatshini bokulinganisa, kodwa umphumo wokulinganisa uyafana: indawo yendawo.I-Laser probes isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umgama phakathi komphezulu kunye nendawo yesalathiso ekupheleni kwekhonkco le-kinematic (oko kukuthi: isiphelo secandelo le-Z-drive).Oku kunokusebenzisa umsebenzi we-interferometrical, ukuhlukahluka kogxininiso, ukuphambuka kokukhanya okanye umgaqo womthunzi we-beam.
Oomatshini abaphathwayo bokulinganisa ulungelelwaniso
Ngelixa ii-CMM zesiNtu zisebenzisa iprobe ehamba kwii-axes ezintathu zeCartesian ukulinganisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo zento, ii-CMM eziphathwayo zisebenzisa nokuba ziingalo ezichaziweyo okanye, kwimeko yee-CMM zamehlo, iinkqubo zokuskena ezingenangalo ezisebenzisa iindlela ze-optical triangulation kwaye zivumela inkululeko epheleleyo yokuhamba. malunga nento.
Ii-CMM eziphathwayo ezineengalo ezichaziweyo zineentsimbi ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe ezixhotyiswe ngeekhowudi ezijikelezayo, endaweni yee-axes zomgca.Iingalo eziphathwayo zikhaphukhaphu (ngokuqhelekileyo zingaphantsi kweekhilogram ezingama-20) kwaye zinokuthwalwa kwaye zisetyenziswe naphi na.Nangona kunjalo, ii-CMM ezibonakalayo zisanda kusetyenziswa kwishishini.Idizayinwe ngomgca ohlangeneyo okanye iikhamera zoluhlu lwematrix (njengeMicrosoft Kinect), ii-CMM ezibonakalayo zincinci kune-CMM eziphathwayo ezineengalo, azinacingo, kwaye zenza ukuba abasebenzisi bathathe ngokulula imilinganiselo ye-3D yazo zonke iintlobo zezinto ezibekwe phantse naphi na.
Izicelo ezithile ezingaphindi ziphindaphindwe ezifana nobunjineli obubuyela umva, ukuchwetheza okukhawulezileyo, kunye nokuhlolwa okukhulu kweendawo zabo bonke ubungakanani zifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo kwiiCMM eziphathwayo.Izibonelelo zeeCMM eziphathekayo zininzi.Abasebenzisi banokuguquguquka ekuthatheni imilinganiselo ye-3D yazo zonke iintlobo zamalungu nakwiindawo ezikude / ezinzima.Kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ayifuni indawo elawulwayo ukuthatha imilinganiselo echanekileyo.Ngaphaya koko, ii-CMM eziphathwayo zidla ngokubiza ngaphantsi kwee-CMM zemveli.
Urhwebelwano lwendalo lwee-CMM eziphathwayo lusebenza ngesandla (luhlala lufuna umntu ukuba alusebenzise).Ukongeza, ukuchaneka kwazo zonke kunokuchaneka kancinci kunohlobo lwebhulorho yeCMM kwaye ayifanelekanga kwezinye izicelo.
Oomatshini bokulinganisa i-Multisensor
Itekhnoloji ye-CMM yesiNtu esebenzisa i-touch probes namhlanje ihlala idityaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa.Oku kubandakanya i-laser, ividiyo okanye izinzwa zokukhanya ezimhlophe ukubonelela oko kwaziwa ngokuba yi-multisensor measurement.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-29-2021